380 research outputs found
500 år med humlesuga, Betonica officinalis L., i Skåne och Danmark
No full textHumlesugan, Betonica officinalis L., är en av den skandinaviska florans sällsyntaste växter och samtidigt en av de arter som har den längsta dokumenterade historien. Den rapporterades från Stehag väster om Ringsjön i Skåne av Christiern Pedersen redan 1534, Skånes äldsta litteraturuppgift där en växtart knyts till en lokal. I övriga Danmark beskrevs den med lokaluppgift första gången av Peder Lauridsen Kylling 1688, från Lolland och Rygaard norr om Köpenhamn. Litteratur och samlingar vittnar om att humlesugan var vanligare förr, när ängarna utgjorde en betydande del av landskapet. Litteraturuppgifter för humlesugan under 500 år redovisas tillsammans med en studie av artens nuvarande utbredning i Skåne och Danmark. Endast sex lokaler återstår, fem i västra centrala Skåne och en på södra Lolland i Danmark. I detta arbete följs humlesugan i litteraturen och samlingarna under 500 år. Studien är kompletterad med en undersökning av dess nuvarande utbredning i Skåne och Danmark och en diskussion om artens möjligheter att överleva i det moderna landskapet
Expression of myc family oncoproteins in small-cell lung-cancer cell lines and xenografts
No full textUdgivelsesdato: 1993-Apr-22A number of genes have altered activity in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), but especially genes of the myc family (c-myc, L-myc and N-myc) are expressed at high levels in SCLC. Most studies have explored expression at the mRNA level, whereas studies of myc family oncoprotein expression are sparse. WE examined the expression of myc proto-oncogenes at the mRNA and protein level in 23 cell lines or xenografts. In the cell lines, the doubling time and the cell-cycle distribution, as determined by flow-cytometric DNA analysis, were examined to establish whether the level of myc-gene-family expression correlated with proliferative parameters. All tumours expressed at least one myc family member at the mRNA level. Exclusive c-myc mRNA expression was demonstrated in 8 tumours, L-myc in 7 and N-myc in I. Five tumours expressed both c-myc and L-myc, and 2 tumours expressed both c-myc and N-myc. In general, the level of expression of c-myc and N-myc was similar at the mRNA and the protein level. Expression of c-myc was positively correlated with the proliferative index (sum of S and G2+M phases) of cell lines, but not with the population doubling time. In general, L-myc-expressing cell lines had a low proliferative index. There was no systematic difference in myc expression between cell lines and xenografts of individual tumours
Potential exposure and treatment efficiency of nanoparticles in water supplies based on wastewater reclamation
No full textWater scarcity brings an increased focus on wastewater reclamation for drinking water supply. Meanwhile, the production volume of nanoparticles (NPs) is rapidly increasing, but to date there has been little attention given to the fate of NPs in water systems based on wastewater reclamation. We have investigated the possible concentrations of silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in tap water for water supplies based on reclaimed wastewater. Tap water concentrations of the NPs were assessed by mass flow analyses of two typical wastewater reclamation concepts: 1) advanced membrane treatment and 2) bank infiltration, similar to systems established in Orange County, CA, USA and Berlin, Germany. The mass flow analyses are based on a literature review of known wastewater concentrations of NPs and removal efficiencies for the implemented treatment stages in two case systems. Few studies are available on the removal efficiencies of NPs by advanced water treatment processes with a majority of the identified studies focusing on removal efficiencies in wastewater treatment plants and fate in surface waters. The NP removal efficiency of several treatment processes is unknown at this stage. We found the worst case removal efficiencies for the two cases to be 97–99.97% for Ag-NPs, 91–99.2% for TiO2-NPs, and 92–93% for ZnO-NPs. The corresponding worst case concentrations in tap water for the advanced membrane treatment were 0.04 μg L−1 (Ag), 147 μg L−1 (TiO2), and 0.28 μg L−1 (ZnO). The concentration of ZnO-NPs also includes zinc ions, thus the concentration of ZnO-NPs is likely to be lower than that indicated here. The worst case removal by the wastewater reclamation bank infiltration system was predicted to lead to tap water concentrations of up to 3.3 μg L−1 (Ag), 13 μg L−1 (TiO2), and 0.25 μg L−1 (ZnO). Overall, it is found that the primary removal mechanisms of NPs are aggregation, sedimentation, coagulation, and biosorption; this supports observations that conventional biological treatment processes are likely to be effective barriers against NPs. Advanced treatment methods such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration can exhibit very low removal of ZnO-NPs or zinc ions due to dissolution of ZnO-NPs. There are marked knowledge gaps, and further research on NP fate in water treatment is encouraged
Radiosensitivity of small-cell lung cancer xenografts compared with activity of c-myc, N-myc, L-myc, c-raf-1 and K-ras proto-oncogenes
No full textUdgivelsesdato: 1991-Sep-9Oncogenes of the myc family c-raf-1 and K-ras have been reported to modulate radiosensitivity. We examined the possible relationship between in vivo radiosensitivity to single-dose irradiation with 3-10 Gy, and activity of these proto-oncogenes in 2 sets of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) xenografts, the CPH and the GLC series. CPH-54A and CPH-54B are in vitro-derived subclones of a SCLC cell line, while the GLC tumours were established as cell lines from a patient during longitudinal follow-up. Both tumours were later transferred into nude mice. CPH-54A was more sensitive to single-dose irradiation than CPH-54B, while, with respect to the 3 GLC tumours examined, GLC-16 was most sensitive, followed by GLC-14 and GLC-19. The CPH tumours expressed similar amounts of c-myc and c-raf-1 mRNA, and neither expressed N-myc or L-myc. GLC-14 expressed N-myc and c-raf-1 mRNA but no c-myc. GLC-16 and GLC-19 expressed identical amounts of c-raf-1 and high levels of c-myc mRNA, but neither expressed N-myc or L-myc. None of the tumours was mutated at codon 12 or K-ras. Our results show that SCLC xenografts with different radiosensitivity may express identical amounts of some of the proto-oncogenes reported to modulate radiosensitivity. Thus, factors other than activation of the examined proto-oncogenes must be involved in causing the differences in radiosensitivity found in the SCLC xenografts. Possible long-term effects of irradiation on proto-oncogene expression was examined in xenografts of GLC-16, following regrowth after single-dose irradiation. No long-term difference in expression of c-raf-1 or c-myc mRNA was detected between control tumours and tumours irradiated with 5 or 10 Gy
Localization of NCAM on NCAM‐B‐expressing cells with inhibited migration in collagen
No full textThe extracellular matrix is a key element in neuronal development and tumour invasion, providing a substratum which sustains the adhesion and migration of cells. In order to study interactions between the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and collagen, we transfected mouse L cells with cDNA encoding the human transmembrane NCAM isoform of 140 kDa (NCAM-B). An L-cell/collagen type I system was used to study the influence of NCAM expression on in vitro invasion. We here report that migration of NCAM-expressing cells in collagen was inhibited compared to that of NCAM-negative cells transfected with the empty vector. Immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and immunogold electron microscopy using anti-human NCAM antibodies demonstrated a heterogeneous distribution of NCAM on the plasma membrane of transfected L cells grown on collagen. NCAM was preferentially located at the surface of broad cytoplasmic protrusions and slender extensions, some of which were facing the collagen. This was in contrast to the homogeneous surface distribution of NCAM on cells grown on plastic. These data suggest that NCAM and collagen type I interact, and that this might lead to the migration inhibition of NCAM-expressing cells
Saltskylsanlæggeti Nordhavn:De første erfaringer fra alternativ vandforsyning med saltholdigt grundvand til toiletskyl
No full textI september 2017 startede Saltskylsanlægget med at forsyne 95 lejligheder med saltholdigt grundvand til toiletskyl. Det saltholdige grundvand er indvundet fra en lokal boring i beboernes gård og behandles i etvandbehandlingsanlæg placeret i kælderen af boligkomplekset i Nordhavn, København. Efter behandling ledes vandet ind til lejlighedernes toiletter i et separat distributionssystem. Efter brug i toiletterne udledesspildevandet i kloaksystemet, hvor det blandes med andet spildevand og ledes til renseanlæg. Projektet har vist, at vandforbruget til toiletskyl udgør 28%, og dermed substitueres 28% af drikkevandsressourcen i den konkrete ejendom i Nordhavn. Det svarer til en besparelse på 24 L drikkevand per person per døgn. Opgørelse af energiforbrug viser at selvom vandet indvindes og behandles lokalt har det et højere elforbrug end den traditionelle vandforsyning. Dog er vandet der indvindes saltholdigt og dermed påvirker indvindingen ikke den ferske grundvandsressource. På konferencen vil vi give en gennemgang af udviklingsprojektet, hvor saltholdigt grundvand indvundet tæt på kysten benyttes til toiletskyl i stedet for almindeligt drikkevand. Undersøgelsen har afprøvet og undersøgt en række forhold ved denne specifikke alternative vandforsyning, som også vil blive berørt i præsentationen.<br/
Expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptors and expression of TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 in human small cell lung cancer cell lines
No full textExpression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) receptors and expression of TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 in human small cell lung cancer cell lines
No full textUdgivelsesdato: 1993-MayA panel of 21 small cell lung cancer cell (SCLC) lines were examined for the presence of Transforming growth factor beta receptors (TGF beta-r) and the expression of TGF beta mRNAs. By the radioreceptor assay we found high affinity receptors to be expressed in six cell lines. scatchard analysis of the binding data demonstrated that the cells bound between 4.5 and 27.5 fmol mg-1 protein with a KD ranging from 16 to 40 pM. TGF beta 1 binding to the receptors was confirmed by cross-linking TGF beta 1 to the TGF beta-r. Three classes of TGF beta-r were demonstrated, type I and type II receptors with M(r) = 65,000 and 90,000 and the betaglycan (type III) with M(r) = 280,000. Northern blotting showed expression of TGF beta 1 mRNA in ten, TGF beta 2 mRNA in two and TGF beta 3 mRNA in seven cell lines. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence that a large proportion of a broad panel of SCLC cell lines express TGF beta-receptors and also produce TGF beta mRNAs
Life cycle assessment of central softening of very hard drinking water
No full textMany consumers prefer softened water due to convenience issues such as avoidance of removing limescale deposits from household appliances and surfaces, and to reduce consumption of cleaning agents and laundry detergents leading to lower household expenses. Even though central softening of drinking water entailed an increased use of energy, sand and chemicals at the waterworks, the distributed and softened drinking water supported a decrease in consumption of energy and chemical agents in the households along with a prolonged service life of household appliances which heat water. This study used Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to quantify the environmental impacts of central softening of drinking water considering both the negative effects at the waterworks and the positive effects imposed by the changed water quality in the households. The LCA modeling considered central softening of drinking water from the initial hardness of the region of study (Copenhagen, Denmark) which is 362 mg/L as CaCO(3) to a final hardness as CaCO(3) of 254 (a softening depth of 108) mg/L or 145 (a softening depth of 217) mg/L. Our study showed that the consumer preference can be met together with reducing the impact on the environment and the resource consumption. Environmental impacts decreased by up to 3 mPET (milli Personal Equivalent Targeted) and the break-even point from where central softening becomes environmentally beneficial was reached at a softening depth of only 22 mg/L as CaCO(3). Both energy-related and chemically related environmental impacts were reduced as well as the consumption of resources. Based on scarcity criteria, nickel was identified as the most problematic non-renewable resource in the system, and savings of up to 8 mPR (milli Person Reserve) were found
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