1,721,023 research outputs found
A New Classification of the Neurophysiological Modified States of Consciousness A peer-reviewed, referenced resource
No full textA basic understanding of the different states and stages of the consciousness and its psychological and neural correlates, is of major importance for all scientists and clinicians.
Before we define what makes up a modified state of consciousness, it is important to establish what consciousness is.
Consciousness is not static: experiences constantly move in and out of our awareness as our states of mind and environments change. Conscious experience is like to feel pain, to see blue, and so on.
We can define consciousness as the awareness we have of our environment and ourselves.
Phenomenal consciousness and knowledge are understanding of conscious experience. Phenomenal concepts are concepts associated with that knowledge: those that express phenomenal qualities from the experiencing subject's perspective (Torin A., Sven W., 2007).
What is the nature of such consciousness? How are the different modified states of consciousness related to abilities, such as the ability to visualize, or to feel inner sensations? How are they related to neuro-physical knowledge, psychological, philosophical and spiritual concepts?
These are just a few of the questions that the essays in this volume address.
This book would like to be a starting project managing, to mark specific points, to study the neurophysiological modified states of consciousness timeline
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Phenolic compounds and total phenolic content of commercial wines
No full textOver the years, pathological implications have often been remarked in the free radicals formation in the human body, underlining how a diet rich in antioxidant substances can be able to limit oxidative damage. Free radicals are extremely harmful to living organisms to do they attack different constituents of the cell, which leads to acceleration of the ageing process and sometimes, even, cell destruction or, if the DNA is affected, irreversible malfunctions [1]. A wide variety of foods and drinks demonstrate a high degree of antioxidant effect and are consequently recommended in the diet to provide a prolonged and balanced dose of antioxidants beneficial to human health [2].
Grapes and grape products, particularly red wine, are a rich source of phenolic antioxidant compounds that, in addition to influence the color and organoleptic qualities also have health value. Scientific reports show that the antioxidant potential of wine is closely related to its content in phenolic compounds. The phenolic composition in wine depends, not only, on the type of grapes used for vinification, but it is influenced by fermentation, the wine making process, technological treatment and the process of ageing.
In the present study we have investigated the total phenolic content (TPC) by Folin–Ciocalteu method in order to find differences in phenolic composition for wine of different vintage years. Moreover, it was determined the content of some phenolic compounds. For the phenolic determination, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method coupled with UV-Vis detection was used [3]. The investigations were focused on commercial Italian wine varieties used mainly to produce wines of appellation of origin, in order to find possible analogies among different cultivar. The proposal method could be extended to the determination of other polyphenolic compounds and applied to routine analysis
Sicurezza alimentare e contaminanti funginei: estrazione ed identificazione mediante MALDI-ToF di aflatossine in oli di semi
No full textLe aflatossine sono metaboliti secondari dei funghi Aspergillus Flavus e Aspergillus Parasiticus, composti altamente tossici, mutageni, teratogeni, responsabili di epatocarcinomi. L’elevatissima attività biologica e l’ampio spettro di azione delle aflatossine scaturisce probabilmente dalla loro capacità di legarsi con gli acidi nucleici e le nucleoproteine determinando effetti dannosi sulla sintesi proteica e sull’integrità cellulare. Le aflatossine più conosciute sono la B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 e M2: presentano una struttura chimica condensata con una porzione diidrofuranica e un anello cumarinico che le rende altamente fluorescenti. Le aflatossine, come tutte le micotossine, persistono nei prodotti contaminati anche per molto tempo dopo la morte del fungo produttore. Infatti, non vengono distrutte con i normali processi fisici (calore, radiazioni), chimici (estrazione, raffinazione) e biologici (fermentazione) applicati nell’industria alimentare e sono quindi da considerarsi contaminanti ubiquitari. L’esposizione umana può quindi derivare sia direttamente dall’ingestione di alimenti contaminati che attraverso il consumo di animali esposti alla contaminazione attraverso i mangimi. Delle aflatossine di tipo B e G, quella che con più frequenza si riscontra nelle derrate alimentari è l’aflatossina B1, che di solito è accompagnata, nell’ordine, dalle aflatossine G1, B2 e G2. Le aflatossine sono state identificate nei più diversi prodotti, mangimi ed alimenti, nonché in alcuni prodotti zootecnici; tra i prodotti più soggetti alla contaminazione, vi sono arachidi, mais e loro derivati. In particolare, la recente normativa comunitaria (Reg. 1881/2006 CE) fissa per l’aflatossina B1 e per la somma delle aflatossine B1, B2, G1 e G2 rispettivamente i limiti di 2.0 μg/kg e 4.0 μg/kg in tutti i cereali e loro derivati destinati all’alimentazione umana.
Fino ad oggi sono state individuate più di 16 aflatossine strutturalmente correlate sebbene, quelle della serie B e G siano quelle più frequentemente analizzate data la loro tossicità. I sistemi analitici più utilizzati per la loro determinazione sono di solito di tipo cromatografico (TLC e HPLC con rivelazione fluorimetrica) o immunochimico (ELISA). Di recente la spetrroscopia MALDI-ToF si è rivelata una tecnica molto rapida e semplice per la determinazione di distribuzioni molecolari all’interno di matrici complesse. Sebbene originariamente sviluppata per l’analisi di carboidrati, proteine o polimeri sintetici di alto PM è stata successivamente ampliata l’applicazione ad analiti con PM ridotto. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è la caratterizzazione ed identificazione, mediante MALDI-ToF di miscele standard di aflatossine e la successiva applicazione a campioni di olio di semi di mais estratti attraverso l’impiego di colonnine di immunoaffinità
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
