1,721,057 research outputs found
Preface
No full textWe believe that the development of luminescent sensors will have a strong social and economical impact. As scientists actively working in this field since many years, we would like to start by thanking Prof. Vincenzo Balzani that, as a previous member of the editorial board of Topics in Current Chemistry, was the one who proposed a volume on this subject.
In this volume, through a short but multisided overview, we try to provide the reader with an understanding of how deeply the merging of the three main scientific areas sensing, luminescence and nanotechnology can impact on our everyday life. In this preface we will give a short introduction to the general fundamental principles of each of them, hoping that this will allow an easier and clearer understanding of the ‘result of their sum’.
We can say, from a very broad and generalized point of view, that sensing processes necessarily entail the exploitation of one or more chemical-physical phenomena to convey information about the external environment (the sensing domain). What follows this is the conversion of the stimulus of the sensed phenomenon/species into a signal or data stream that can be understood and manipulated.
In particular, chemical sensing involves the design of single molecules or of arrays of molecules that specifically recognize a chemical species in a reversible manner and in a given concentration range. The need for reversibility is an essential requirement for continuous or in vivo monitoring, but in the case of once-off measurements it is not always necessary. Moreover, in recent times, single analyte sensing has been flanked by new kinds of systems that are able to detect classes or mixtures of chemicals in a similar manner to which nature has developed human taste or smell.
As these requirements are rather complex, the advent of luminescent signalling systems and luminescent-based devices continues to bring about many advantages, since fluorescence measurements are usually very sensitive, low cost, easily performed, and versatile, offering submicron visualisation and submillisecond temporal resolution. Consequently, luminescent chemical sensors play a major role in key fields such as industry, diagnostic and therapeutic medicine, and various kinds of environmental monitoring.
Likewise, since molecular nanotechnology is the most advanced frontier of research in many scientific areas, it is again not surprising how this is also the framework of the natural evolution and development of sensors. Nanotechnology is certainly still a science in its infancy, but it is already extensively affecting our everyday life with many different products that span the widest variety of applications. There are valid safety concerns about the production and use of nanomaterials and increasingly research is still needed to separate speculative risks from real ones. This is particularly true for nanoparticles. In fact, nanoparticles, among all the nanostructured materials, not only have the highest number of industrial applications, but they are also the most extensively studied worldwide. These extremely versatile nano-objects are usually described as small spheres with controlled dimensions and a radius in the range of nanometers, but their shape can vary significantly, as can their constituting material (metals, semiconductors, lipids, polymers, etc.), and their surface derivatization with different capping agents (receptors, reactive sites, electroactive or photoactive functionalities, DNA strains, etc.).
Merging nanotechnology and luminescent signalling can therefore lead to the creation of unique materials that can induce great improvements in the technical development of many areas. In this volume, leading scientists present comprehensive reviews on modern research trends that accompany the reader on a journey from optical and luminescent chemosensors and biosensors (Cite the contributions of Prof A.P. de Silva and Prof. O. Wolfbeis), also exploiting chiral sensing (Prof. Corradini), to their implementation in more complex structures to yield materials able to perform signal amplification (Contributions of Prof. Rurack and Prof Prodi) and to be included in detection devices (Contributions of Prof. Rurack, Prof Prodi, Prof. O. Wolfbeis and Prof. Paolesse).
We believe that the high impact on different fields, and the variety of approaches to the topic will attract the attention of scientists from different communities such as chemistry, materials, technology, medicine, and industry. We also hope that the writing style will enable readers from diverse areas of research to fully enjoy the presentations on this fascinating subject and we hope to offer at least a taste of its huge potential
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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