1,720,974 research outputs found
The impact of district and party magnitude on women’s legislative recruitment : evidence from Italy and Spain
No full textThe effect of institutional variables on women’s legislative recruitment in Italy and Spain
No full textCompeting for women : Female Legislative Recruitment in Italy and Spain (1976-2006)
No full textAlthough the presence of women in the parliaments is still far from parity, it has increased over time, especially in the last twenty years. International surveys suggest that this is a global phenomenon that, however, has developed with different speed and intensity also in countries that are usually considered homogeneous from socio-economic and cultural point of view. How may these differences be explained? In this paper we focus on women’s legislative recruitment in two Southern European countries, Italy and Spain, where in the period comprised between 1976 and 2001 the presence of women in the parliament has followed a very different pathway: in Italy women’s inclusion in the parliamentary elite has been a difficult and hard-fought process, while in Spain it has been a fast and stable phenomenon, which has led Spain to rank among the first ten countries with the highest rates of women MPs in the world.
Following the theoretical framework of “contagion theory” put forward by Matland and Studlar (1996), and focusing on the role played by institutional and political variables, I hypothesize that some features of each country’s party system, interacting with the electoral rules and some characteristics of parties organizations, have favoured the steady increment of women legislators in Spain, and hindered a similar development in Italy
Competizione elettorale e reclutamento femminile nel parlamento italiano : 1976-2008
No full textIn Italia, ancora oggi, le donne costituiscono poco più del 20% dei membri del parlamento nazionale. Questo dato pone questo paese in una condizione di grave ritardo rispetto agli obiettivi di parità tra i sessi nell’esercizio del potere politico che oggi fanno parte integrante dell’agenda politica dei paesi democratici. Tuttavia, il giudizio che descrive l’Italia come il “peggiore” di tali paesi in termini di rappresentanza politica femminile sembra eccedere, da una parte, nel sottostimare gli elementi di cambiamento che pure di recente si sono manifestati e, dall’altra, nel sottolineare un carattere di eccezionalità dell’Italia che alcuni dati comparati tendono invece a smorzare. Questo paper propone una lettura del caso italiano che tiene sullo sfondo un interrogativo più generale, divenuto sempre più centrale negli studi sul reclutamento parlamentare femminile (Matland e Studlar 1996; Paxton 1999; Krook 2002; Mateo Diaz 2005; Papavero 2007): quali sono i fattori che possono spiegare la diversa velocità con cui è cresciuto il numero di donne nei parlamenti democratici? Analizzando i dati relativi alla candidatura e all’elezione delle donne nella Camera dei deputati tra il 1976 e il 2008, e muovendo da una prospettiva neo-istituzionalista, questo paper propone alcune ipotesi esplicative del particolare andamento “lento e intermittente” che ha caratterizzato il reclutamento parlamentare femminile in Italia nel periodo considerato. In particolar modo, viene considerato l’effetto su di esso delle dinamiche della competizione interpartitica e intra-partitica, e delle caratteristiche dei sistemi elettorali che le regolano. In generale, viene presentata e discussa la tesi secondo cui l’intreccio tra la effettiva possibilità di alternanza sviluppatasi a partire dalla seconda metà degli anni ’90 e la tendenza alla riduzione della competizione intra-partitica tra i candidati generata dalla ultima riforma elettorale ha contribuito ad aumentare il numero di donne elette nelle ultime due tornate elettorali.Il ruolo e la partecipazione delle donne nelle istituzioni della rappresentanza politica
Female representation and legislative behavior in the Italian Parliament : 1987-2008
No full textWhile dynamics in female legislative recruitment have been considered in several studies and researches about the Italian politics less attention has been paid to the legislative activity of women elected in the Italian parliament, and to whether it differs somehow from that of their male colleagues. Once elected in the parliament, do women MPs display, vis à vis men MPs, distinctive legislative interests? What type of priorities do they display in their legislative work? How do women’s priorities change as the number of women MPs increases over time? And if any, what is the impact of women MPs’ activity on the policy priorities embraced by men MPs? Through a quantitative analysis of the bills introduced in the Italian Chamber of deputies in six legislatures, over a time span of twenty years, this paper tries to answer these questions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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