1,721,206 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
PERSONALITA' E INTERAZIONE CON LE SFIDE QUOTIDIANE: STABILITA' E VARIAZIONI IN UNA PROSPETTIVA INTEGRATA
Full text linkIn ambito psico-sociale il costrutto di resilienza identifica la capacità dell’individuo di adattarsi in maniera soddisfacente all’ambiente e ai contesti sociali in cui è inserito. Una delle caratteristiche fondamentali che contraddistingue gli individui resilienti consiste nella capacità di rispondere in maniera flessibile agli eventi esterni, riuscendo, al contempo, a gestire in maniera elastica i propri sistemi di auto-regolazione. I recenti studi tipologici, basati su un approccio centrato sulla persona, associano agli individui in possesso di specifiche configurazioni di tratti di personalità una maggiore o minore capacità di regolare i propri impulsi e di mettere in atto comportamenti adattativi. Tre profili di personalità in particolare hanno mostrato, pur con una certa variabilità, di poter essere replicati all’interno di campioni di diversa composizione ed appartenenti a culture differenti: Resilienti, Ipo-Controllati e Iper-Controllati.
A partire da tali premesse, il presente studio si è posto l’obiettivo di: (1) identificare, in un campione di individui adulti reclutato all’interno della popolazione italiana, la presenza dei tre profili di personalità; (2) valutare le differenze che Resilienti, Iper-Controllati e Ipo-Controllati mostrano in relazione agli stili di attaccamento adulto, ai livelli di benessere percepiti, ai processi di regolazione emotiva e agli stili di coping utilizzati per gestire lo stress e le difficoltà quotidiane. Il campione è costituito da 474 persone di età compresa tra i 20 e i 60 anni (55.3% donne) residenti in aree urbane ed in possesso di diploma o titolo di studio superiore.
Ai partecipanti è stato chiesto di compilare un questionario di personalità (Big Five Inventory, BFI) e una batteria testale composta da Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE-NVI).
Un’analisi dei cluster, condotta sui punteggi relativi alle cinque dimensioni di personalità, ha permesso di suddividere i partecipanti in differenti raggruppamenti. Successivamente, l’impiego di una procedura di cross-validazione doppia ha confermato la presenza di tre cluster dotati di un’adeguata consistenza interna e caratterizzati da una combinazione di tratti di personalità corrispondenti ai profili Resiliente, Ipo-Controllato e Iper-Controllato.
Attraverso una serie di procedure di Analisi Multivariata della Varianza (MANOVA), Analisi Discriminante e confronti Post-Hoc univariati sono state valutate le differenze presentate dai tre profili rispetto alle dimensioni psicologiche considerate.
Il profilo Resiliente ha mostrato i valori più elevati di sicurezza nell’attaccamento e di soddisfazione di vita, nonché un tono affettivo caratterizzato dai livelli più alti di emozioni positive e dai più bassi di quelle negative; questo profilo si è ulteriormente contraddistinto per un utilizzo di stili di coping maggiormente improntato ad un attivo orientamento al problema.
Iper-Controllati e Ipo-Controllati hanno riportato, rispetto ai Resilienti, una minore fiducia interpersonale e una maggiore insicurezza nell’attaccamento, sia rispetto alla componente ansiosa che evitante, e livelli più bassi di benessere soggettivo; hanno mostrato inoltre di ricorrere in misura minore a stili di coping di tipo engagement.
In particolare, il cluster Ipo-Controllato si è differenziato per una maggiore presenza di emozioni negative e per un maggiore ricorso a strategie che mirano ad evitare le situazioni problematiche, a ricercare comprensione e supporto dalle altre persone e ad esprimere le proprie emozioni. Gli individui Iper-Controllati, invece, hanno riportato livelli più bassi di fiducia interpersonale, una maggiore presenza della dimensione evitante dell’attaccamento e un tono affettivo contraddistinto da una minore presenza di emozioni positive; a questo profilo si accompagna un utilizzo più frequente di strategie di soppressione dell’esperienza emotiva e, rispetto alla tipologia Resiliente, un minore ricorso a forme di riformulazione cognitiva dell’esperienza emozionale.
Questo lavoro ha caratteristiche innovative in quanto è il primo ad analizzare le caratteristiche dei processi psicologici in grado di distinguere le tre configurazioni di personalità in età adulta, mentre precedenti ricerche ne hanno esclusivamente indagato gli outcome adattativi. I risultati ottenuti permettono di evidenziare il peculiare funzionamento di ognuno dei tre prototipi di personalità ed appaiono molto promettenti per l’utilizzo nell’ambito della ricerca e della pratica clinica.In the psycho-social domain, the term resilience refers to the individual’s ability to successfully adapt to environment and social contexts. A major feature of resilient people is their flexibility in responding to external events, exploiting their own self-regulation systems in an adaptive way. Recent typological studies, based on a person-centered approach, have connected specific configurations of personality traits with differences in the individual’s ability to regulate impulses and to implement adaptive behaviors. Three personality profiles, albeit with some variability, have been replicated in different samples and cultures: Resilient, Overcontrolled and Undercontrolled.
Starting from these premises, this study aims at: (1) identifying the presence of the three personality profiles in a sample recruited within the Italian adult population; (2) evaluating the differences among Resilient, Overcontrolled and Undercontrolled in relation to adult attachment styles, subjective well-being, emotion regulation strategies and coping style in the face of stress and everyday problems. The sample consisted of 474 participants aged 20-60 (55.3% women) living in urban areas and with either an high school diploma or higher educational degree.
Participants were asked to fill in a personality questionnaire (Big Five Inventory, BFI) along with a test battery comprising the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE-NVI).
Cluster Analysis was carried out on the Big-Five personality dimensions, in order to identify different groups of participants. Subsequently, a double cross-validation procedure confirmed the internal consistency of the three cluster solution; participants in these three groups were characterized by personality structures corresponding to the Resilient, Overcontrolled and Undercontrolled prototypes.
Profile differences were assessed through a series of Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), Discriminant Analyses and Post-Hoc univariate comparisons.
The Resilient profile showed the highest values in secure attachment and life satisfaction, along with an affective tone characterized by the highest levels of positive emotions and the lowest levels of negative emotions compared with the other two profiles; participants in this group also showed a higher frequency of coping styles involving an active approach to problems.
Compared with Resilients, Overcontrolled and Undercontrolled participants reported lower levels of confidence in others and higher levels of insecure attachment, in both the anxious and avoidant components; these groups showed lower levels of subjective well-being and a lower frequency of engagement coping styles.
In particular, participants in the Undercontrolled cluster reported the highest level of negative emotions, the highest frequency of coping strategies aimed at avoiding problems, seeking understanding and support from other people and expressing their emotions. Overcontrolled individuals reported instead the lowest level of confidence in others, the highest level of avoidant attachment and an affective tone characterized by the lowest presence of positive emotions; furthermore this profile showed the highest frequency in coping strategies focused on emotion suppression and, when compared to the Resilient prototype, a less frequent use of cognitive reappraisal.
This study has innovative features in that it is the first one focusing on the features of the psychological processes that allow for distinguishing the three personality prototypes in adulthood, while previous research exclusively focused on their different adaptive outcomes.
These results thus offer new insights on the peculiar patterns of psychological functioning that characterize each of the three personality prototypes. They represent a promising starting point for their application potential in research and clinical practice
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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