965 research outputs found
Sources du Maroni, de l\u27Oyapock, et
No full textRégion des sources : du Tapanahoni, de l\u27Itany (Maroni), de l\u27Oyapock, du Parou et du Yary (Apaouani, crique Kou, rouapir
Présentation de l\u27AVAP de Saint Laurent du Maroni
No full textSaint-Laurent du Maroni, ville de l\u27Ouest Guyanais, est connue pour être la ville où est implanté le camp de la transportation, ville construite « par et pour les bagnards ». Mais le Bagne est loin d\u27être le seul élément fondamental de la ville. La constitution géométrique du plan du « village », l\u27organisation de ses îlots et de ses parcelles font de Saint-Laurent du Maroni une ville exceptionnelle, un cas unique.
Labellisée « ville et pays d\u27Art et d\u27histoire » en 2007, St-Laurent du Maroni a décidé de se doter d\u27une Aire de Valorisation de l\u27Architecture et du Patrimoine (AVAP) en 2012, afin de conserver, mettre en valeur et transmettre aux générations futures les éléments fondamentaux et identitaires de son centre historique. Le CAUE de Guyane propose la présentation de l\u27AVAP de la ville de St-Laurent du Maroni
Histoire et mémoires des quartiers de Saint-Laurent du Maroni
No full textAprès un rapide historique de l\u27arrivée massive des Bushinengués surinamais à Saint-Laurent du Maroni (raisons économiques et politiques : guerre civile). Clémence Léobal nous explique comment cette population s?organise à Saint-Laurent du Maroni (logement, création de quartiers, emplois ?). Aujourd?hui comment valoriser ce patrimoine marron ? Différents outils sont mis à disposition : des animations sur le patrimoine (scolaire, touristique, visites guidées de quartiers marrons ?), la collecte de témoignages (formation de bénévoles pour réaliser les collectes : sauvegarde de la mémoire, valoriser les langues locales, et les différents patrimoines) et la création d?un centre de la culture et du patrimoine (recherche sur l?histoire du Maroni)
Surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma — Western versus eastern attitude
No full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver tumour and represents a significant health burden. The different characteristics of the disease in the various parts of the world, as much as economic and social features, explain only partially the great diversity in the treatment options offered to patients in different countries. The most apparent contrast in term of tumour management is between the western and eastern world. Striking differences involve not only the attitude towards indications for liver transplantation or liver resection but also the surgical techniques adopted. Although remarkable signs of progress have been achieved in surgical and pharmacological fields, univocal guidelines are yet lacking, preventing effective comparisons between retrospective studies and clinical trials. This review aims to analyse and compare some of the most relevant and essential traits of the eastern and western therapeutic strategy against HCC
Buffering volume changes of Si nanocomposite anodes
No full textThe massive development of Li-ion technology has allowed for massive spreading of portable electronics, as well as for a progressive development of electrical vehicles (EV) with higher driving range. Despite this, the ever-increasing demand in energy density requests for a breakthrough in Li-storage materials. In this context, anode materials alternative to conventional graphite, with improved capacity, have been investigated for several years. Among these, Si plays a special role because of its extremely high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g-1 corresponding to the formation of a Li22Si4 alloy). Nevertheless, the volume changes of about 300% associated with the alloying/dealloying processes represent a severe limitation to the electrode reversibility, so that actions aimed at counteracting this drawback are needed for the development of durable Si anodes.
The electrochemical behaviour of nanocomposite materials, based on commercial Si powder of about 100 nm size in which the volume changes are buffered by dispersing matrixes such as reduced graphene oxide (RGO) or transition metal oxides, is here presented. The electrodes and cells performances, in terms of specific capacity and durability, are optimized by the use of tailored binders and electrolyte formulations. A rationale of the improved behaviour is explored by applying several morphological, structural and electrochemical investigation techniques, with a special focus on electrode/electrolyte interfacial properties.
References:
1. M.N. Obrovac, L. Chistensen, Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 7 (2004) A93.
2. F. Maroni, R. Raccichini, A. Birrozzi, G. Carbonari, R. Tossici, F. Croce, R. Marassi, F. Nobili, J. Power Sources 269 (2014) 873
Les explorations du Maroni du XVIIe au XIXe siècles
No full textLes premières explorations des côtes des Guyanes sont effectuées par les espagnols en 1500. Au XVIe et XVIIe siècle, Raleigh et d\u27autres explorateurs anglais sont persuadés d\u27accéder par les fleuves guyanais dont le Maroni à l\u27Eldorado. A défaut de trouver un troisième empire sud-américain, ils établissent de précieuses cartes fluviales. Durant la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle, les expéditions françaises sont axées naturalisme et utilisent les voies terrestres. Il faut attendre le XIXe siècle pour une véritable installation française sur le Maroni
Coated pellets for oral colon delivery
No full textBecause of their spherical or pseudo-spherical shape, uniform size and smooth surface, pellets are of particular interest for use as cores in the manufacturing of coated oral delivery systems. When intended for colon delivery, pellet formulations may be provided with enzymatically-degradable, pH-sensitive or time-controlled polymer coatings. While layers that are liable to microbial breakdown or pH-dependent dissolution would enable targeted release as triggered by physiological characteristics of the environment where the drug is intended to be delivered, time-based coats possess an intrinsic ability to defer its release throughout the small intestinal transit of the dosage form irrespective of regional differences in terms of pH, microbial population and other variables. Rupturable, erodible and permeable coats have been described for time-based colonic release. According to their formulation strategies, coated pellets that have been proposed for colon delivery are reviewed and discussed in the present article
Sam68 and ERKs regulate leptin-induced expression of OB-Rb mRNA in C2C12 myotubes
No full textAbstract
Acute leptin treatment significantly increases the mRNA of the long isoform of leptin receptor (OB-Rb) in C2C12 myotubes after as little as 30min, without affecting that of the short isoform (OB-Ra). The Sam68 STAR protein has been implicated in leptin signal transduction as an adaptor molecule useful to recruit other signalling proteins. We found that leptin increased Sam68 tyrosine-phosphorylation so decreasing its poly(U)-binding capacity. RT-PCR analysis of the mRNA bound to immunoprecipitated Sam68 showed that Sam68 associated with OB-Rb but not OB-Ra mRNA in control and leptin-treated C2C12 cells. The siRNA-mediated silencing of Sam68 reduced its levels by 89% and abolished the leptin-mediated increase in OB-Rb mRNA. Leptin activates ERKs which in turn might phosphorylate Sam68 modifying its influence on mRNA. We did not observe any changes in Sam68 Ser/Thr phosphorylation but using the specific MEK1 inhibitor PD-98059 showed that leptin-mediated ERK activation is essential for leptin''s effect on OB-Rb mRNA expression. Thus it appears that leptin has a positive short-term effect on the regulation of OB-Rb mRNA in C2C12 cells, involving both Sam68 and ERKs. These results might suggest that leptin signal acutely favours its own sensitivity
Film coatings for oral pulsatile release
No full textPulsatile delivery is generally intended as a release of the active ingredient that is delayed for a programmable period of time to meet particular chronotherapeutic needs and, in the case of oral administration, also target distal intestinal regions, such as the colon. Most oral pulsatile delivery platforms consist in coated formulations wherein the applied polymer serves as the release-controlling agent. When exposed to aqueous media, the coating initially performs as a protective barrier and, subsequently, undergoes a timely failure based on diverse mechanisms depending on its physico-chemical and formulation characteristics. Indeed, it may be ruptured because of the gradual expansion of the core, swell and/or erode due to the glassy-rubbery polymer transition or become permeable thus allowing the drug molecules to diffuse outwards. Otherwise, when the coating is a semipermeable membrane provided with one or more orifices, the drug is released through the latter as a result of an osmotic water influx. The vast majority of pulsatile delivery systems described so far have been prepared by spray-coating, which offers important versatility and feasibility advantages over other techniques such as press- and dip-coating. In the present article, the design, manufacturing and performance of spray-coated pulsatile delivery platforms is thus reviewed
Diagnostic accuracy of inferior vena cava ultrasound for heart failure in patients with acute dyspnoea: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Dyspnoea is the most common sign of heart failure (HF). Patients accessing the ED for HF-related symptoms require fast diagnosis and early treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography has a crucial role in HF diagnosis, but requires qualified staff and adequate time for execution. The measurement of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter has been recently proposed as a rapid, simple and reliable marker of volume overload. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the accuracy of IVC-ultrasound as a stand-alone test for HF diagnosis in patients presenting to the ED with acute dyspnoea. Methods: Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVC-CIx) for HF diagnosis were systematically searched in the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases (up to January 2018). Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool was used for the quality assessment of the primary studies. A bivariate random-effects regression approach was used for summary estimates of both sensitivity and specificity. Results: Seven studies, for a total of 591 patients, were included. Three studies were at low-risk of bias. All studies used a proper reference test. Weighted mean prevalence of HF was 49.3% at random-effect model (I2 index for heterogeneity=74.7%). IVC-CIx bivariate weighted mean sensitivity was 79.1% (95% CI 68.5% to 86.8%) and bivariate weighted mean specificity was 81.8% (95% CI 75.0% to 87.0%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the sensitivity and specificity of IVC-CIx are suboptimal to rule in or rule out HF diagnosis in patients with acute dyspnoea in the ED setting. Therefore, IVC-CIx is not advisable as a stand-alone test, but may be useful when integrated in a specific diagnostic algorithm for the differential diagnosis of acute dyspnoea
- …
