734 research outputs found
Limited Area Numerical Weather Prediction
No full textTwo limited area model derivatives of the numerical weather prediction model COSMO-DE operated by the German Meteorological Service are introduced. The aim is to obtain frequently updated highly re-solved predictions in a limited area as an aerodrome. The predictions include dynamic parameters as wind and turbulence kinetic energy and thermodynamic quantities as temperature and humidity but also the amount of snow, rain and hail. The models are used in the airport environments of Frankfurt (COSMO-FRA) and Munich (COSMO-MUC) for aircraft wake vortex, thunderstorm activity, and wintry weather warning applications, as detailed in Sections 2.1 to 2.4
L’istantaneità nei processi di consumo. La compressione del processo d’acquisto nell’epoca del marketing ipnotico.
No full textNell’epoca del marketing digitale e dell’intelligenza artificiale, il tempo di decisione
dei consumatori si è drasticamente compresso, dando vita a un nuovo
paradigma di Marketing Istantaneo.
Il processo d’acquisto oggi si consuma spesso in pochi secondi, mosso da emozioni
immediate e stimoli contestuali potenti. Intelligenza Artificiale, Internet
of Things e realtà aumentata trasformano ogni interazione in un impulso
immediato, dove la persuasione coincide direttamente con l’atto d’acquisto. Si
tratta di un marketing ipnotico, capace di guidare le scelte in maniera quasi
automatica, anticipando i desideri e riducendo al minimo lo spazio per la riflessione.
In questo libro, gli autori esplorano in profondità le dinamiche di questa
nuova realtà, indagando come le tecnologie più avanzate e la psicologia delle
emozioni plasmino un consumatore sempre più reattivo e influenzabile. Un
viaggio tra marketing emozionale, suggestione ipnotica e comportamenti impulsivi,
che offre un’approfondita analisi metodologica e operativa ad aziende
e studiosi interessati alle nuove frontiere del comportamento del consumatore.
Un contributo utile a comprendere come strategie e vendite siano diventate
ormai un’unica esperienza fluida e istantanea, destinata a cambiare
radicalmente il modo in cui pensiamo al consumo e al futuro del marketing
Design of process parameters for dual phase steel production with strip rolling using the finite-element method
No full textDual-phase steel are low-carbon micro-alloyed steels, characterized by a ferritic multiphase structure (bainite and residual austenite) in which martensite is dispersed. The dual-phase structure depends on the chemical composition of the steel, and on thermo-mechanical treatment realized with lower rolling temperatures. The properties derived from this microstructure give high performance to dual-phase steels in cold-forming applications. In this work the authors propose an approach to simulate tandem rolling for understanding the influence of the process parameters on the thermo-mechanical treatment. The approach is based on the finite-element method (FEM); two models have been developed, the first being a coupled thermo-mechanical model, which describes the behavior of the strip during its travel in each stand of the rolling train; whilst the second is a thermal model, which analyzes the strip transfer between two consecutive stands. The approach has been used also to verify how an existing rolling plant can be adapted to obtain dual-phase steels: the characteristics parameters obtained from an experimental tandem rolling process for dual-phase steel production have been used to design a new rolling process on an existing rolling plant, obtaining the desired thermal cycle of the material during the process
How do the determinants of collaborative consumption influence its use in healthcare? A managerial perspective
No full textBackground: The primary objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the underlying motivations that may prompt those responsible for health to adopt models of collaborative consumption (CC) as business innovation. Furthermore, the study seeks to assess the congruence of determinants influencing the intention to utilize CC in healthcare, comparing perspectives between responsible for health and digital health consumers.
Methods: Two studies based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) have been conducted. Study 1 uses a qualitative approach to analyze the determinants in use CC in healthcare of responsible for health of the Italian’s National Health Service. Study 2 uses a quantitative approach to analyze a sample of healthcare consumers, their salient beliefs, digital health literacy, and perceived own health status in determining the intention to use CC in healthcare.
Results: Responsible for health recognize both the benefits, like improved efficiency, and the drawbacks, such as digital illiteracy and privacy concerns. Consumer data reveals that attitudes, social norms, perceived control, and digital literacy significantly influence the intention to use CC in healthcare, with education and age being moderating factors, whereas income is not impactful.
Conclusion: The research ends with a discussion of these findings and their strategic implications for managing decision support systems in healthcare. The research highlights the need for innovation-based strategies in the health system, proposing a new socio-technical health domain to improve management through a participatory approach. The approach emphasizes business innovation, service quality, and cost-efficiency. Finally, the research addresses the gaps highlighted in CC in healthcare adoption, underscoring public-private collaboration and practical strategies for sustainable success
Is sedation for endoscopy as safe as you think?
No full text1118 Minerva Anestesiologica N November 2017
I
n this issue of Minerva Anestesiologica, Brumby et al.8 report an observational pilot study assessing the incidence of failure to recover at day 1 and in subsequent days and weeks after either colonoscopy, gastroscopy, or both procedures combined in 102 patients of over the age of 18 years. Recovery was evaluated not only using physiologic endpoints but also evaluating other aspects such as nociception, emotion, activities of daily living (ADL), and cognition on the following day as well as over a 1-month follow-up period using the multidimensional Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PostopQRS ). All the patients received total intravenous anesthesia with propofol alone or in combination with opioids. Some participants received midazolam or opioids in the pre-operative period. The authors have seen that incomplete recovery is common after colonoscopy, gastroscopy or both procedures. Failure to recover was mainly due to failure in nociceptive and cognitive recovery at day 1 with modest but clinically important differences in early quality of recovery between the procedures.
C
orrectly, the authors underline that recovery after endoscopic procedures should be defined by a multidimensional tool able to assess emotive, functional and cognitive domains.
T
his is particularly important because the patients must be discharged as soon as possible and should return to preoperative levels of independency in activities of daily living.
Anesthesia demand for colonoscopy and gastroscopy is increasing each year and this is due to need of diagnostic or screening programs and therapeutic management of acute pathologies or neoplastic diseases. Because of the air or CO 2 insufflation for adequate distention and visualization of the gastrointestinal lumen, the endoscopic procedures are associated with significant pain and discomfort, therefore sedation is often required to improve patient tolerance and safety.1, 2 Propofol alone or combined with midazolam and opioids is commonly used for sedation although drugs as etomidate and dexmedetomidine have been introduced.3, 4 Usually, the procedures are ambulatory and the patients must be discharged soon after the endoscopy. Adverse events during sedation for endoscopy are very low and anesthetic techniques are performed to provide sedation minimizing hemodynamic changes and allowing faster emergence and patient’s discharge. Patients can return to their daily lives safely and promptly as soon as have recovered to pre-procedural baseline physical performance.5 However, optimal recovery after sedation for endoscopy is not always observed.
C
ommonly, a patient’s discharge is related to recovery time, adverse events and physiological parameters such as level of consciousness and stability of vital signs.6, 7
EDITORIAL
I
s sedation for endoscopy as safe as you think?
Germano DE COS MO 1 *, Elisabetta CONGEDO 2
1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sacro Cuore Catholic University, Rome, Italy; 2Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Antonio Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
*Corresponding author: Germano De Cosmo, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sacro Cuore Catholic University, via G. Moscati 31, 00168 Rome, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
C
omment on p. 1161.
Minerva Anestesiologica 2017 November;83(11):1118-20
DOI : 10.23736/S0375-9393.17.12260-1
© 2017 EDIZIONI MINERVA INERVAINERVA MEDICA
O
nline version at http://www.minervamedica.it
COPYRIGHT© 2017 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
This document is protected by international copyright laws. No additional reproduction is authorized. It is permitted for personal use to download and save only one file and print only one copy of this Article. It is not permitted to make additional copies
(either sporadically or systematically, either printed or electronic) of the Article for any purpose. It is not permitted to distribute the electronic copy of the article through online internet and/or intranet file sharing systems, electronic mailing or any other
means which may allow access to the Article. The use of all or any part of the Article for any Commercial Use is not permitted. The creation of derivative works from the Article is not permitted. The production of reprints for personal or commercial use is
not permitted. It is not permitted to remove, cover, overlay, obscure, block, or change any copyright notices or terms of use which the Publisher may post on the Article. It is not permitted to frame or use framing techniques to enclose any trademark, logo,
or other proprietary information of the Publisher.
SA
FET Y OF SE DATIONATION FOR EN DOSCO PY DE COS MO
V
ol. 83 - No. 11 Minerva Anestesiologica 1119sedated with propofol or remifentanil.14 Allen et al. have shown that the incidence of post-procedural cognitive impairment was similar in patients randomized to light versus deep sedation. In addition, the authors have not considered pain an important risk factor for post procedural cognitive dysfunction, especially if the endoscopic procedure is diagnostic and not operative.16
S
harma et al. have investigated cognitive function in 108 patients with cirrhosis undergoing endoscopy under sedation with propofol. Before and two hours after endoscopy psychometric tests have been administered to evaluate cognitive function. The authors have not found a worsening of the psychometric tests after the endoscopy.17
T
hese differences can be due to several factors: the type and sensitivity of the psychometric tests used, the variation also in the healthy subjects’ performance at a few days away, the too small simple size. There is a wide confidence interval of evaluated parameters that indicates that there is a great variation of response in the various subjects, due to a small simple size.18-20
I
n conclusion, thousands of endoscopic procedures are performed daily and the main question that this article raises is to understand what means recovery from a procedure: an adequate recovering goes beyond vital functions. Incomplete recovery can last up to one month and is mainly due to nociceptive and cognitive impairment that could also occur in young people undergoing minor procedures. Therefore, subsequent studies might need to investigate if and how a low impact procedure can induce cognitive impairment and the main parameters that should be assessed to consider a patient overall recovered utilizing appropriate tests that can identify the most vulnerable patients.
References
1. A Allen ML. Safety of deep sedation in the endoscopy suite. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2017;30:501-6.
2. L Leslie K, Allen ML, Hessian EC , Peyton PJ, Kasza J, Courtney A, et al. Safety of sedation for gastrointestinal
I
n literature, the reported incidence of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POC D) varies from 20% to 60% between 6 weeks to 3 months after surgery and the causes of this variability are related to type of surgery, duration, patient’s age and cultural level.9
T
he prevalence of POC D has primarily been studied in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery.10 However, its frequency should be very rare after endoscopic procedure especially in young people because stress associated to endoscopic procedures is very low as well as the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines that play a pivotal role in cognitive dysfunction.11, 12
T
he novelty of the study by Brumby et al. is that the people enrolled are young, without risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and not undergoing major surgery.
S
urprisingly, a not negligible percentage of patients had a cognitive impairment not only in the early post-procedural period but until one month and perhaps for a longer time if follow-up period would be prolonged. Patients in the gastroscopy group have a lower frequency of overall recovery.
We have to consider that both endoscopic procedures have affected not only cognitive function but also pain. Authors do not report if there is a correlation between POC D and the presence of pain despite they have seen that patients undergoing combined procedures had more pain over the entire 1-month follow-up period and a more cognitive impairment at day 1 than participants having only colonoscopy.
However, these results should be observed with caution not only because endoscopic procedures have been considered with little impact on daily physiological activity and on cognitive and nociceptive domain but also because few studies have been performed, and only for few days.13-15 Moreover, the studies performed give different results.
T
heodorou et al. have demonstrated cognitive impairment up to 120 minutes after propofol/midazolam/fentanyl or nitrous oxide/sevoflurane sedation for colonoscopy.13 Instead, Moerman et al. have not found cognitive dysfunction
after 15 min in colonoscopy patients
COPYRIGHT© 2017 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
This document is protected by international copyright laws. No additional reproduction is authorized. It is permitted for personal use to download and save only one file and print only one copy of this Article. It is not permitted to make additional copies
(either sporadically or systematically, either printed or electronic) of the Article for any purpose. It is not permitted to distribute the electronic copy of the article through online internet and/or intranet file sharing systems, electronic mailing or any other
means which may allow access to the Article. The use of all or any part of the Article for any Commercial Use is not permitted. The creation of derivative works from the Article is not permitted. The production of reprints for personal or commercial use is
not permitted. It is not permitted to remove, cover, overlay, obscure, block, or change any copyright notices or terms of use which the Publisher may post on the Article. It is not permitted to frame or use framing techniques to enclose any trademark, logo,
or other proprietary information of the Publisher.
DE COS MO SA SA FET Y OF SE DATIONATION FOR EN DOSCO PY
1120 Minerva Anestesiologica N November 2017gedo E, De Cosmo G. Cognitive Dysfunction after Surgery: An Emergent Problem. J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 2017;7:1.
13. T Theodorou T, Hales P, Gillespie P, Robertson B. Total intravenous versus inhalational anaesthesia for colonoscopy: a prospective study of clinical recovery and psychomotor function. Anaesth Intensive Care 2001;29:124-36.
14. Moerman ATAT, Foubert LA , Herregods LL , Struys MM, De Wolf DJ, De Looze DA, et al. Propofol versus remifentanil for monitored anaesthesia care during colonoscopy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2003;20:461-6.
15. Fredman B, Lahav M, Zohar E, Golod M, Paruta I, Jedeikin R. The effect of midazolam premedication on mental and psychomotor recovery in geriatric patients undergoing brief surgical procedures. Anesth Analg 1999;89:1161-6.
16. A Allen M, Leslie K, Hebbard G, Jones I, Mettho T, Maruff P. A randomized controlled trial of ligh versus deep propofol sedation for elective outpatient colonoscopy: recall, procedural condition and recovery. Can J Anesth 2015;62:1169-78.
17. S Sharma P, Singh S, Sharma BC, Kumar M, Garg H, Kumar A, et al. Propofol sedation during endoscopy in patients with cirrhosis, and utility of psychometric tests and critical flicker frequency in assessment of recovery from sedation. Endoscopy 2011;43:400-5.
18. S tark PA, Myles PS, Burke JA. Development and psychometric evaluation of a postoperative quality of recovery score: the QoR-15. Anesthesiology 2013; 118:1332-40.
19. Bowyer AJ, Royse CF. Postoperative recovery and outcomes--what are we measuring and for whom? Anaesthesia 2016;71(Suppl 1):72-7.
20. N Newman S, Wilkinson DJ, Royse CF. Assessment of early cognitive recovery after surgery using the Post-operative Quality of Recovery Scale. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2014;58:185-91.
endoscopy in a group of university-affiliated hospitals: a prospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2017;118:90-9.
3. Padmanabhan U, Leslie K. Australian anaesthetists’ practice of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy in adult patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2008;36:436-41.
4. Davy A, Fessler J, Fischler M, le Guen M. Dexmedetomidine and general anesthesia: a narrative literature review of its major indications for use in adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Minerva Anestesiol 2017 Jun 22. [Epub ahead of print]
5. L Leung FW. Trend in use of sedation for low-risk endoscopy. Looking beyond monitored anesthesis care. JAMA 2017;317:2006-7.
6. Feldman LS , Lee L, Fiore J Jr. What outcomes are important in the assessment of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS ) pathways? Can J Anaesth 2015;62:120-30.
7. L Lee L, Tran T, Mayo NE , Carli F, Feldman LS . What does it really mean to “recover” from an operation? Surgery 2014;155:211-6.
8. Brumby AM, Heiberg J, Te C, Royse CF. Quality of recovery after gastroscopy, colonoscopy or both endoscopic procedures: an observational pilot study. Minerva Anestesiol 2017;83:1161-8.
9. R Royse CF, Andrews DT, Newman SN , Stygall J, Williams Z, Pang J, et al. The influence of propofol or desflurane on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Anaesthesia 2011;66:455-64.
10. N Newman MF, Mathew JP, Grocott HP, Mackensen GB, Monk T, Welsh-Bohmer KA, et al. Central nervous system injury associated with cardiac surgery. Lancet 2006;368:694-703.
11. De Cosmo G, Sessa F, Fiorini F, Congedo E. Effect of remifentanil and fentanyl on postoperative cognitive function and cytokines level in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. J Clin Anesth 2016;35:40-6.
12. C Canistro G, Levantesi L, Oggiano M, Sicuranza R, ConConflicts
of interest.—The authors certify that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.
Article first published online: July 12, 2017. - Manuscript accepted: July 5, 2017. - Manuscript received: June 27, 2017.
(Cite this article as: De Cosmo G, Congedo E. Is sedation for endoscopy as safe as you think? Minerva Anestesiol 2017;83:1118-20. DOI : 10.23736/S0375-9393.17.12260-1)
COPYRIGHT© 2017 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
This document is protected by international copyright laws. No additional reproduction is authorized. It is permitted for personal use to download and save only one file and print only one copy of this Article. It is not permitted to make additional copies
(either sporadically or systematically, either printed or electronic) of the Article for any purpose. It is not permitted to distribute the electronic copy of the article through online internet and/or intranet file sharing systems, electronic mailing or any other
means which may allow access to the Article. The use of all or any part of the Article for any Commercial Use is not permitted. The creation of derivative works from the Article is not permitted. The production of reprints for personal or commercial use is
not permitted. It is not permitted to remove, cover, overlay, obscure, block, or change any copyright notices or terms of use which the Publisher may post on the Article. It is not permitted to frame or use framing techniques to enclose any trademark, logo,
or other proprietary information of the Publisher
Perception and management of teleworking in the ICT sector in Italy. The Exprivia SPA case
No full textinnovativo metodo di lavoro a distanza, che consente ai dipendenti di
operare da casa o da qualsiasi altra località al di fuori dell’ufficio del datore
di lavoro, all’interno di qualsiasi tipo di organizzazione ed attraverso
l’utilizzo di tecnologie dell’informazione e della comunicazione, quali
computer portatili, telefoni cellulari e connessione Internet (Bertino et. al,
2021; Vargas-Llave et al., 2020). Tuttavia, non esiste una definizione
universalmente accettata del termine telelavoro (Martínez-Sanchez et al.,
2007). Il termine "telelavoro" e una serie di altri termini, come
"homeworking", "tele-homeworking", "telecommuting", "remote working",
"virtual work", "electronic homeworking" e "distributed work" sono stati
utilizzati in maniera intercambiabile (Golden & Eddleston, 2018; Haddon
& Brynin, 2005). La mancanza di chiarezza nella definizione di telelavoro
può, in parte, essere attribuita al modo in cui il concetto si è evoluto
(Athanasiadou & Theriou, 2021).
Il concetto di telelavoro è stato introdotto per la prima volta negli anni
‘70, in risposta a preoccupazioni socioeconomiche legate all’incremento dei
costi del petrolio e alla congestione del traffico nelle zone metropolitane
(Nilles, 1975). Inizialmente, il telelavoro era concepito come un approccio
all’organizzazione del lavoro che sfruttava le telecomunicazioni e la
tecnologia informatica per consentire ai dipendenti di svolgere le proprie
mansioni lavorative da casa o da piccoli uffici distaccati dalle aziende. Con
l’evolversi delle tecnologie dell’informazione e delle comunicazioni negli
anni ‘90, l’attenzione si è estesa anche a forme di telelavoro che miravano a
sostenere i dipendenti che lavoravano occasionalmente o regolarmente "in
movimento". Di conseguenza, alcuni studiosi hanno coniato il termine
"telelavoro mobile", che fa riferimento al lavoro che coinvolge tipicamente
spostamenti e/o il trascorrere del tempo presso i clienti (Daniels et al., 2001,
p. 1154).
CAPITOLO IV. IL TELELAVORO IN ITALIA. PROFILI NORMATIVI E CASI DI STUDIO
295
Un luogo di lavoro remoto e l’uso delle tecnologie dell’informazione e
della comunicazione costituiscono i due criteri più utilizzati per definire il
telelavoro da parte della maggior parte degli studiosi, mentre c’è
discordanza sull’utilizzo del criterio della soglia temporale dato che alcuni
ricercatori escludono dall’osservazione la categoria dei lavoratori autonomi
e dei telelavoratori occasionali (Haddon & Brynin, 2005; Hilbrecht et al.,
2008; Peters et al., 2004). Sulla base di questi presupposti alcuni studiosi
concordano sulla suddivisione dell’attività di telelavoro in tre categorie
principali: lavoro a domicilio o telelavoro da casa, telelavoro di gruppo,
comprendente uffici satellite e centri di quartiere, e telelavoro mobile o
altrimenti chiamato nomade (Morganson et al., 2010; Taskin & Devos, 2005).
Quest’ultima modalità di svolgimento della prestazione di lavoro è stata
ultimamente denominata smart working e intesa come possibilità di lavorare
dove, quando e come si vuole (Boorsma & Mitchell, 2011). Pertanto, il lavoro
smart si differenzia dal precedente concetto di telelavoro in quanto sfrutta
le avanzate tecnologie in modo molto più ampio, ma condivide con
quest’ultimo la capacità di esercitare la propria occupazione in luoghi e
orari diversi da quelli tradizionali (Zappalà, 2017).
Nonostante la pandemia globale di COVID-19 abbia spinto molte
aziende a implementare il lavoro da casa per i propri dipendenti, il
telelavoro, qualunque sia l’accezione, non è quindi una novità. Secondo
Global Workplace Analytics, il lavoro da remoto è aumentato del 159% dal
2009, principalmente grazie ai progressi tecnologici che hanno reso
possibile svolgere le attività lavorative da qualsiasi luogo e all’interesse
crescente delle persone nel mantenere un equilibrio tra lavoro e vita
personale. In Italia, la percentuale di lavoratori coinvolti nel lavoro da
remoto è notevolmente aumentata rispetto al periodo pre-pandemico,
quando era del 4,6% (media nel 2019), sebbene oggi sia scesa rispetto ai
livelli più alti del 2020 (13,6%) e del 2021 (14,8%) (Assolombarda, 2023).
Infatti, secondo Eurostat, in Italia nel 2022 solo il 12,2% dei lavoratori tra i
15 e i 64 anni svolgeva il proprio lavoro occasionalmente o abitualmente da
casa. Tale percentuale risulta tra le più basse dei 27 Paesi dell’Unione
Europea ed è inferiore alla media europea del 22,4%. Questa differenza
probabilmente deriva dalla diversa propensione del Paese all’adozione
della tecnologia, dalla disponibilità e dalla qualità delle infrastrutture per
le tecnologie dell’informazione e delle comunicazioni (ICT), dalla cultura
manageriale e dall’entità dell’interesse delle aziende.
Infatti, alcuni studiosi confermano nei loro studi come l’inaspettata
lentezza della crescita del telelavoro in Italia è causata da fattori
organizzativi, culturali e sociali oltre che dalle caratteristiche economiche
delle imprese (Gandini & Garavaglia, 2023). In particolare, durante il
THE LABOR MARKET AS A CONSEQUENCE OF TELEWORKING, CHALLENGES FOR FULL ...
296
1.2.
periodo pandemico, le imprese hanno dovuto ridefinire il modo in cui
gestire le interazioni sia verticali che orizzontali, i processi produttivi e le
modalità di formazione, poiché hanno implementato e ampliato le forme
flessibili di telelavoro (Brino et al., 2020). Di conseguenza, il telelavoro, in
particolare il cosiddetto smart working, è considerato un’innovazione sia
in termini di processi lavorativi che in termini di ristrutturazione del
rapporto tra il lavoratore, l’organizzazione e la sfera privata (Banchetti et
al., 2023).
Nonostante il gran numero di studi riguardanti l’adozione del
telelavoro, la ricerca è stata condotta in modo frammentario (Athanasiadou
& Theriou, 2021) con risultati non sempre concordanti e omogenei. Inoltre,
considerato che gli ultimi studi sul telelavoro risalgono al periodo
pandemico, la ricerca dovrebbe migliorare la comprensione dei fattori più
significativi che possono ostacolare o migliorare l’efficacia del telelavoro in
periodi post pandemici attraverso l’analisi delle percezioni e degli
atteggiamenti dei telelavoratori.
Il nostro obiettivo è quindi quello di indagare l’atteggiamento e le
percezioni dei telelavoratori in Italia nel settore dell’ICT. Abbiamo scelto di
concentrarci su un gruppo specifico di lavoratori appartenenti al settore
dell’Information & Communication Technology (ICT), che, per la sua
natura, è particolarmente adatto al lavoro a distanza. I professionisti di
questo settore spesso svolgono le loro attività presso i clienti e, in molte
situazioni, non dispongono di una postazione fissa in sede aziendale,
poiché le loro mansioni possono essere agevolmente eseguite da remoto, da
casa, utilizzando dispositivi digitali di comunicazione.
Sulla base delle precedenti premesse e obiettivi il nostro studio si
propone di dare risposta alla seguente domanda di ricerca:
RQ: Quali sono le percezioni dei lavoratori in merito al telelavoro in Italia?
Seguirà l’analisi della letteratura sui fattori che impattano positivamente
e negativamente sul telelavoro, l’analisi di un caso studio nel settore ICT,
le discussioni e conclusioni
Extracção de materiais de plataforma de biorrefinaria com líquidos iónicos
No full textMestrado em Materiais Derivados de Recursos RenováveisO crescimento económico sustentável requer a garantia de recursos para a
produção industrial. O desenvolvimento de biorrefinarias representa a chave
para o acesso a uma produção integrada de alimentos, rações, produtos
químicos, materiais, mercadorias e combustíveis do futuro.
O objectivo deste trabalho é avaliar a capacidade de extracção de materiais
de plataforma de biorrefinaria utilizando líquidos iónicos. Para tal efeito, foram
seleccionados ácidos orgânicos de cadeia curta, tais como os ácidos L-láctico,
L-málico e succínico, que são produzidos por via fermentativa em soluções
aquosas diluídas, e utilizados líquidos iónicos à base do catião fosfónio com
cadeias alquílicas relativamente longas. Foi avaliado o efeito de três
parâmetros nos coeficientes de partição e na eficiência de extracção: a
natureza do anião do líquido iónico, a temperatura do processo e a
concentração do ácido na solução aquosa de partida. Foram ainda testadas
duas metodologias de recuperação dos ácidos em estudos: alteração de pH e
destilação a pressão reduzida. O método computacional de previsão COSMORS
foi também utilizado para prever o equilíbrio de fases dos sistemas
ternários, água+ácido orgânico+líquido iónico, em estudo tendo-se obtido
resultados satisfatórios.Sustainable economical growth requires safe resources of raw materials for
the industrial production. Petroleum is today’s most frequently used industrial
raw material, which is neither sustainable, nor environmentally friendly.
While the economy of energy can be based on various alternative raw
materials, such as wind, sun, water, biomass, the economy of substances is
fundamentally depending on biomass, in particularly on biomass of plants. The
development of biorefineries represents the key for the access to an integrated
production of food, feed, chemicals, materials, goods and fuels of the future.
Special requirements are placed to both, the substantial converting industry as
well as research and development regarding the efficiency of the bio-based
product line as well as sustainability. The objective of this work is to evaluate
the extraction capacity of phosphonium-based ionic liquids regarding
biorefinery platform materials, focusing on small chain organic acids such as Llactic,
L-malic and succinic acids. The effect of three parameters on the
partition coefficients and on the efficiency of extraction was evaluated: the
ionic liquid anion’s nature, the temperature of the process and the
concentration of the acid in the start aqueous solution. Two different
approaches to recover the organic acid from the ionic liquid were rehearsed
with good results. The predictive capacity of the COSMO-RS for the ternary
systems water+organic acid+ionic liquid was evaluated
The COSmic Monopole Observer (COSMO)
No full textThe COSmic Monopole Observer (COSMO) is an experiment to measure low-level spectral distortions in the isotropic component of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Deviations from a pure blackbody spectrum are expected at low level (< 1 ppm) due to several astrophysical and cosmological phenomena, and promise to provide important independent information on the early and late phases of the universe. They have not been detected yet, due to the extreme accuracy required, the best upper limits being still those from the COBE-FIRAS mission. COSMO is based on a cryogenic differential Fourier Transform Spectrometer, measuring the spectral brightness difference between the sky and an accurate cryogenic blackbody. The first implementation of COSMO, funded by the Italian PRIN and PNRA programs, will operate from the Concordia station at Dome-C, in Antarctica, and will take advantage of a fast sky-dip technique to get rid of atmospheric emission and its fluctuations, separating them from the monopole component of the sky brightness. Here we describe the instrument design, its capabilities, the current status. We also discuss its subsequent implementation in a balloon-flight, which has been studied within the COSMOS program of the Italian Space Agency
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