62 research outputs found
Des gels thermoréversibles injectables (LCST) a base de polyuréthanes et de composés dérivés de la phosphatidylcholine
No full textThermoreversible injectable polyurethane hydrogels: future challenges for biomedical applications
No full textThe Global Stratotype and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Anisian Stage: Desli Caira Hill, North Dobrogea, Romania
No full textLaparoscopic Conservative Restaging in Early Ovarian Cancer and Low Malignant Potential Tumors: A Case‐Control Study: 00012
No full textABSTRACT: Advances in Gynaecological Oncology, 19th National Congress of the Italian Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SIOG
High order efficient splittings for the semiclassical time-dependent Schrodinger equation
No full text[EN] Standard numerical schemes with time-step h deteriorate (e.g. like epsilon(-2)h(2)) in the presence of a small semiclassical parameters in the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The recently introduced semiclassical splitting was shown to be of order O (epsilon h(2)). We present now an algorithm that is of order O (epsilon h(7)+epsilon(2)h(6)+epsilon(3)h(4)) at the expense of roughly three times the computational effort of the semiclassical splitting and another that is of order O (epsilon h(6)+epsilon(2)h(4)) at the same expense of the computational effort of the semiclassical splitting.The work of SB has been funded by Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (Spain) through project MTM2016-77660-P (AEI/FEDER, UE).Blanes Zamora, S.; Gradinaru, V. (2020). High order efficient splittings for the semiclassical time-dependent Schrodinger equation. Journal of Computational Physics. 405:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2019.109157S113405Bao, W., Jin, S., & Markowich, P. A. (2002). On Time-Splitting Spectral Approximations for the Schrödinger Equation in the Semiclassical Regime. Journal of Computational Physics, 175(2), 487-524. doi:10.1006/jcph.2001.6956Balakrishnan, N., Kalyanaraman, C., & Sathyamurthy, N. (1997). Time-dependent quantum mechanical approach to reactive scattering and related processes. Physics Reports, 280(2), 79-144. doi:10.1016/s0370-1573(96)00025-7Descombes, S., & Thalhammer, M. (2010). An exact local error representation of exponential operator splitting methods for evolutionary problems and applications to linear Schrödinger equations in the semi-classical regime. BIT Numerical Mathematics, 50(4), 729-749. doi:10.1007/s10543-010-0282-4Bader, P., Iserles, A., Kropielnicka, K., & Singh, P. (2014). Effective Approximation for the Semiclassical Schrödinger Equation. Foundations of Computational Mathematics, 14(4), 689-720. doi:10.1007/s10208-013-9182-8Gradinaru, V., & Hagedorn, G. A. (2013). Convergence of a semiclassical wavepacket based time-splitting for the Schrödinger equation. Numerische Mathematik, 126(1), 53-73. doi:10.1007/s00211-013-0560-6Keller, J., & Lasser, C. (2013). Propagation of Quantum Expectations with Husimi Functions. SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, 73(4), 1557-1581. doi:10.1137/120889186Gradinaru, V., Hagedorn, G. A., & Joye, A. (2010). Tunneling dynamics and spawning with adaptive semiclassical wave packets. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 132(18), 184108. doi:10.1063/1.3429607Gradinaru, V., Hagedorn, G. A., & Joye, A. (2010). Exponentially accurate semiclassical tunneling wavefunctions in one dimension. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 43(47), 474026. doi:10.1088/1751-8113/43/47/474026Coronado, E. A., Batista, V. S., & Miller, W. H. (2000). Nonadiabatic photodissociation dynamics ofICNin the à continuum: A semiclassical initial value representation study. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 112(13), 5566-5575. doi:10.1063/1.481130Church, M. S., Hele, T. J. H., Ezra, G. S., & Ananth, N. (2018). Nonadiabatic semiclassical dynamics in the mixed quantum-classical initial value representation. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 148(10), 102326. doi:10.1063/1.5005557Hagedorn, G. A. (1998). Raising and Lowering Operators for Semiclassical Wave Packets. Annals of Physics, 269(1), 77-104. doi:10.1006/aphy.1998.5843Faou, E., Gradinaru, V., & Lubich, C. (2009). Computing Semiclassical Quantum Dynamics with Hagedorn Wavepackets. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 31(4), 3027-3041. doi:10.1137/080729724McLachlan, R. I. (1995). Composition methods in the presence of small parameters. BIT Numerical Mathematics, 35(2), 258-268. doi:10.1007/bf01737165Blanes, S., Casas, F., & Ros, J. (1999). Symplectic Integration with Processing: A General Study. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 21(2), 711-727. doi:10.1137/s1064827598332497Blanes, S., Casas, F., & Ros, J. (2000). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 77(1), 17-36. doi:10.1023/a:1008311025472Blanes, S., Diele, F., Marangi, C., & Ragni, S. (2010). Splitting and composition methods for explicit time dependence in separable dynamical systems. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 235(3), 646-659. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2010.06.018Stefanov, B., Iordanov, O., & Zarkova, L. (1982). Interaction potential in1Σg+Hg2: fit to the experimental data. Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, 15(2), 239-247. doi:10.1088/0022-3700/15/2/01
Self-rated health in individuals with and without disease is associated with multiple biomarkers representing multiple biological domains
No full textSelf-rated health (SRH) is one of the most frequently used indicators in health and social research. Its robust association with mortality in very different populations implies that it is a comprehensive measure of health status and may even reflect the condition of the human organism beyond clinical diagnoses. Yet the biological basis of SRH is poorly understood. We used data from three independent European population samples (N approx. 15,000) to investigate the associations of SRH with 150 biomolecules in blood or urine (biomarkers). Altogether 57 biomarkers representing different organ systems were associated with SRH. In almost half of the cases the association was independent of disease and physical functioning. Biomarkers weakened but did not remove the association between SRH and mortality. We propose three potential pathways through which biomarkers may be incorporated into an individual’s subjective health assessment, including (1) their role in clinical diseases; (2) their association with health-related lifestyles; and (3) their potential to stimulate physical sensations through interoceptive mechanisms. Our findings indicate that SRH has a solid biological basis and it is a valid but non-specific indicator of the biological condition of the human organism
Chiosella timorensis
No full text<i>Chiosella timorensis</i>, a conodont having a highly controversial taxonomy and definition <p> With regard to the definition of the conodont species <i>Chiosella timorensis</i>, for a long time the conodont researchers adopted a broader concept, with <i>Spathognathodus gondolelloides</i> Bender, 1970 in the synonymy of <i>Gondolella timorensis</i> Nogami, 1968, the first being interpreted as a juvenile of the latter (e.g., Sweet, 1970 a, 1973; Kozur, 1973b; McTavish, 1973; Mirăuţă, 1974; Kemper et al., 1976; Buryi, 1979, 1989; Assereto et al., 1980; Chhabra & Sahni, 1981; Matsuda, 1983; Gaetani et al., 1992; Klets, 1995; Kiliç, 2021).</p> <p> However, Budurov (1976b), Buryi (1979, 1989), Buryi et al. (1980), Budurov et al. (1983, 1985, 1987, 1988 a, 1989) and Budurov & Trifonova (1991) considered that <i>Neospathodus gondolelloide</i> s is a senior synonym of <i>Chiosella timorensis</i>. The above-cited authors based their conclusion by only commenting on the disputed dates when the monographs by Nogami (1968) and Bender (1970b) were published, instead of properly addressing the distinct morphologies of the two conodont species.</p> <p> Later, Kozur (1989b) and Orchard (1995) stated that <i>gondolelloides</i> is a distinct conodont species, and thus not a juvenile synonym of <i>timorensis</i>, and also that it begins earlier than the latter species, in the upper Spathian, and that the two species co-occur in the Aegean. This has been further agreed on by Kozur et al. (1995), Budurov & Sudar (1995), Orchard (1995), Meço (1999, 2010), Kozur (2003a, b), Krystyn et al. (2004), Kozur & Bachmann (2005), Ovtcharova et al. (2006), Orchard et al. (2007 a, b), Klets (2008), Orchard (2010) and Goudemand et al. (2012).</p> <p> Even the generic assignement of the conodont species <i>timorensis</i> has been variously interpreted over time, as <i>Gondolella</i> (Nogami, 1968; Kozur, 1973 b, 1980 a-b; Gaetani et al., 1992; Jacobshagen et al., 1993), <i>Paragondolella</i> ? (Koike et al., 1971), <i>Neospathodus</i> (Sweet, 1970 a, 1973; McTavish, 1973; Kemper et al., 1976; Goel, 1977; Ishida, 1979; Koike, 1979 a-b; Watanabe et al., 1979; Buryi, 1979, 1989; Tanaka, 1980; Wang Z-H, 1982; Matsuda, 1983; Dagys, 1984; Klets, 1995), <i>Neogondollela</i> (Nicora, 1977; Collinson & Hasenmueller, 1978; Assereto et al., 1980; Koike, 1981; Sweet & Bergström, 1986; Paull, 1988; Paull & Paull, 1998), <i>Kashmirella</i> (Budurov et al., 1988b, 1989; Budurov & Trifonova, 1991, 1995; Budurov & Sudar, 1995; Kiliç et al., 2016), or <i>Chiosella</i> (Kozur, 1989b, 1999, 2003a-b; Orchard & Bucher, 1992; Orchard, 1992, 1994 a, 1995, 2005, 2010; Koike, 1999; Klets, 2006, 2008; Goudemand et al., 2012; Plasencia et al., 2013; Yan et al., 2015; Chen Y-L et al., 2016; Muto et al., 2019, 2020; Chen Y et al., 2020).</p> <p> The generic assignement of the species <i>gondolelloides</i> has also been interpreted either as <i>Spathognathodus</i> (Bender, 1970), <i>Neospathodus</i> (Sweet, 1970 a, 1973; Orchard, 1995), <i>Gondolella</i> (Kozur, 1973b; Gaetani et al., 1992), <i>Kashmirella</i> (Budurov et al., 1988b, 1989; Budurov & Trifonova, 1991, 1995; Budurov & Sudar, 1995; Kiliç et al., 2016) or <i>Chiosella</i> (Kozur, 1989b; Orchard & Bucher, 1992). More recently, the assignement of the species <i>gondolelloides</i> was limited to <i>Chiosella</i> (e.g., Klets, 2008; Orchard, 2010; Plasencia et al., 2013; Muto et al., 2019).</p> <p> Furthermore, Nicora (1977), Kozur (1989b) and Gaetani et al. (1992) treated <i>Neogondolella aegaea</i> Bender, 1970 as a junior synonym of <i>Chiosella timorensis</i>, thus implying the equivalence between the Timorensis Zone of Sweet (1970a), placed in the top of the Spathian, with “Die aegaea – Zone” of Bender (1970b), placed in the Anisian. Lastly, the two morphotypes of <i>timorensis</i> that were discrimated by Nicora, <i>Neogondolella timorensis timorensis</i> (Nogami, 1968) and <i>Neogondolella timorensis benderi</i> Nicora, 1977, respectively, together with <i>Spathognathodus gondolelloides</i> Bender, 1970, interpreted as a juvenile of <i>timorensis</i>, are all allocated to <i>Godolella timorensis</i> by Gaetani et al. (1992, p. 195, pl. 17), thus complicating once again the definition of this conodont species.</p> <p> As seen from the above references, the definition of <i>timorensis</i> versus <i>gondolelloides</i>, in which <i>aegaea</i> was also involved, represented a long disputed issue, and it remains still unresolved, being mostly a problem of subjective criteria agreed by the conodont researchers.</p> <p> During the Triassic Symposium held at St Christina/Val Gardena, Italy, September 2003, an <i>ad-hoc</i> group meeting including Heinz Kozur, Mike Orchard, Alda Nicora, Leopold Krystyn and Eugen Grădinaru examined the conodont material from the Deşli Caira section, in Romania, and concluded that <i>gondolelloides</i> and <i>timorensis</i> are distinct species of <i>Chiosella</i>, the <i>timorensis</i> species having a narrow platform that surrounds the posterior end of the carina. It was also concluded based on the ammonoid data at hand at that time in the Deşli Caira section that <i>Ch. gondolelloides</i> is common in the uppermost Spathian, whereas <i>Ch. timorensis</i> began later, at the base of the <i>Aegeiceras ugra</i> fauna. This conclusion was adopted by Grădinaru et al. (2006, 2007) and Orchard et al. (2007a) for the Deşli Caira section, and closely mimicked by Orchard et al. (2007b) and Lehrmann et al. (2006, 2015a-b) for the Guandao section in China.</p> <p> Discussing this matter, Golding (2021a) underlies that recently “ <b> Additional issues with <i>Ch. timorensis</i> center on the definition of the species, and its differentiation from related species such as <i>Ch. gondolelloides</i>, <i>Ch.</i> n. sp. A and <i>Ch.</i> n. sp. B (see discussion in Goudemand et al., 2012)</b> ”, whereas “ <b> At Wantou Chen et al. (2020) recognized the new species of <i>Chiosella</i> identified by Goudemand et al. (2012), but retained the name <i>Ch.</i></b> <b> <i>gondolelloides</i> for several specimens considered to be</b> <b> <i>Ch. timorensis</i> by Goudemand et al. (2012), making correlation of the <i>Chiosella</i> faunas between Wantou, Deşli Caira and Guandao difficult at this time</b> ”.</p> <p> Lastly, besides the controversial definitions of the two leading species of the conodont <i>Chiosella</i>, the lineage <i>gondolelloides - timorensis</i> has also been for a long time interpreted variously. Early initiated by Sweet (1970a), Kozur (1973b, 1989b, 2003b), Kozur et al. (1995) and Budurov (1976b), this remained along-disputed issue, being even actually controversially discussed by Orchard (1995), Goudemand et al. (2012), Yan et al. (2015), Chen Y-L et al. (2016), Chen Y et al. (2020) and Kiliç et al. (2016).</p> <p> Thus, one may conclude that the conodont species <i>Chiosella timorensis</i> for a long time had a disputed taxonomic status and also very unstable morphological definitions, and these remain still unresolved. For sure, the issue of the conodont species <i>Chiosella timorensis</i> was and still is one of the most controversial among the Triassic conodonts as regards its definition and taxonomic assignement. All these aspects cast major and reasonable doubts about the reliability of this conodont species as a potential primary biotic proxy for the Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary.</p> <p> <b> <i>Chiosella timorensis</i>, a conodont having a long-disputed first occurrence and chronostratigraphic range</b> </p> <p> The first occurrence (FO), implying the distinction or coincidence between the first appearance datum (FAD) versus the lowest occurrence (LO), and the chronostratigraphic range of the conodont <i>Chiosella timorensis</i> have been a long-disputed issue for the Triassic conodont researchers. On the other side, with regard to the coincidence of the LO and the FAD of the conodont <i>Ch</i>. <i>timorensis</i>, i.e., the coincidence of its lowest biostratigraphicum datum with its earliest biochronological event, in almost all cases this was not properly tied to the ammonoid bio-chronostratigraphy.</p> <p> When Nogami (1968, p.117) described from the Portuguese Timor the new conodont species <i>Gondolella timorensis</i>, from the beginning an uncertainity with regard to the dating of its occurrence was raised. Although this species was found in “ <b> dunkelgrauerer Kalk mit vielen Ammoniten sowie <i>Leiophyllites timorensis</i> Bando, <i>L</i>. sp. und <i>Procarnites</i> aff. <i>kokeni</i> (Arthaber)</b> ”, its occurrence was dated by Nogami (1968, p.128) as ” <b>oberstes Skyth (oder unterstes Anis)</b> ”. This is at odds with the qualified opinion of Nakazawa & Bando (1968, p. 87), who stated that “ <b>Judging from the ammonites, the age of the limestone refers to the Latest Skythian, rather than the Early Anisian</b> ”. Unfortunately, in spite of the expert dating done by Nakazawa & Bando (1968), many of the Triassic conodont researchers gave credit to the uncertain dating advanced by Nogami (1968), and by this all subsequent discussions regarding the age of the first occurrence of the conodont species <i>Chiosella timorensis</i> were placed on a uncertain, long-disputed path.</p> <p> Chronologically, the next reference to <i>Gondolella timorensis</i> Nogami, 1968 was by Sweet (1970a), who described this conodont species as <i>Neospathodus timorensis</i> (Nogami, 1968) from the Narmia Member of Mianwali Formation at Narmia, in West Pakistan. Sweet (1970a, p.217) nominated for the first time this conodont species “ <b> as the index for a distinctive, if poorly known, Zone of <i>Neospathodus timorensis</i></b> ”. Sweet (1970a) further stated that “ <b> An Anisian age is suggested (but by no means established) by noting that conodonts from Anisian (= “Hydaspian”) rocks on Chios, Greece, that Bender (1967?) named <i> Spathognathodus <b> <i>gondolelloides</i> are probably closely related to the ones herein referred to <i>N. timorensis</i></b> </i> </b> ”, and “ <b> If this is so, and Nogami’s uncertainity as to the age of the rocks yielding the types of <i>N. timorensis</i> is well founded, it may be that the uppermost bed of the Narmia (and the Zone of <i>N. timorensis</i>) are Anisian in age</b> ”.</p> <p> Subsequently, Sweet et al. (1971, fig. 1) errected 22 Triassic conodont zones tied to the Triassic ammonoid zones, with <b> Zone 13 (<i>Neospathodus timorensis</i> Zone)</b> being placed at the top of the Spathian Substage.</p> <p>Clark (1977), Clark et al. (1979), Solien (1979), Paull (1988), and other authors, closely adopted the conodont zonation of Sweet et al. (1971).</p> <p> Contradictory data to the first occurrence of <i>timorensis</i> have been provided by Nicora (1977) and Collinson & Hasenmueller (1978). Nicora (1977, p. 97) concluded in her well-known monograph on the Lower Anisian platform-conodonts from the Tethys and Nevada that “ <b> data from Chios and Nevada suggest that <i>N. t. timorensis</i> makes its appearance at the base of the Anisian and characterizes the lower part of the Aegean Substage of Asssereto (1974)</b> ”. This statement of Nicora (1977) was based on a re-interpretation, which remains, however, disputable in view of the previous chronostratigraphic interpretation made by Nakazawa & Bando (1968) of the taxonomic assignement of the ammonoids mentioned by Nogami (1968) at the type locality of <i>Gondolella timorensis</i>. Consequently, Nicora (1977, p. 97) stated that “ <b> it is possible to say that <i>N. t. timorensis</i>, in the type locality, represents an uncertain interval between the Upper Scythian and Lowermost Anisian</b> ”. Nicora (1977, p. 97) also stated that ” <b> the biostratigraphic position of <i>N. t. timorensis</i> in West Pakistan is uncertain</b> ”, but concluded that “ <b>it occurs there above rocks that yielded Upper Scythian ammonoids</b> ”. Ultimately, Nicora (1977, p. 97) based her assertion on finds in the Star Canyon and Coyote-Bloody Canyon sections of Nevada, where the author mentioned that <i>N. t. timorensis</i> occurs with Lower Anisian ammonoids, and also on the interpretation of ammonoid-conodont associations in Chios, stating that it “ <b> is the only place in which it is possible to fix the biostratigraphic level of first occurrence of <i>N. t. timorensis</i></b> ”.</p> <p> On the contrary, Collinson & Hasenmueller (1978, p. 187) reported <i>Neospathodus homeri</i> and <i>Neospathodus timorensis</i> in samples from the Haugi ammonoid zone in Nevada, which Silberling & Tozer (1968) regarded as highest Spathian. Anticipating these controversial findings by Nicora (1977) and Collinson & Hasenmueller (1978), we must mention that Orchard & Bucher (1992) and Orchard (1994a) stated that <i>Chiosella timorensis</i> is unconfirmed at the level of the latest Spathian Haugi Zone (Yatesi beds) in Nevada, in which Orchard (1994a, p.108) found that conodont faunas are dominated by <i>N.</i> ex gr. <i>homeri</i>, with some elements approaching <i>Chiosella gondolelloides</i> (Bender). This controversy is now finally resolved by the undisputed find of <i>Chiosella timorensis</i> in the latest Spathian Haugi ammonoid zone in Nevada (Goudemand et al., 2012).</p> <p> Sweet & Bergström (1986, p.108 and fig. 9), although they have contended that “ <b>the Timorensis Zone may span the Scythian-Anisian boundary</b> ”, stated, however, that “ <b>this boundary is drawn at the base of the Timorensis Zone, but with no particular conviction</b> ”.</p> <p> Finally, Sweet (1988, p. 269 and p. 271) gave credit to the statements given by Nicora (1977) and by this overcame his non-conviction, and concluded that “ <b>The Timorensis Zone is regarded as Anisian (Aegean), and it is suggested that the base of this zone closely approximates the Spathian/Anisian boundary and may be used regionally to mark the boundary between the Lower and Middle Triassic</b> ”.</p> <p> Later, Sweet’s statement that “ <b> the positions in Pakistani sections of common late Spathian ammonoids project to levels in the Composite Standard (CS) just below the first occurrence of <i>Neospathodus</i> [or <b> <i> <i>Neogondolella</i> ] <i>timorensis</i> ”</i></b> </b> has not been supported by the ammonoid succesion provided by Guex (1978, fig. 4), as the topmost interval of the Spathian Substage in the Salt Range, Pakistan, corresponding to the Haugi ammonoid zone in Nevada, is not documented by ammonoids.</p> <p> Chronologically, Nicora (1977) and Assereto et al. (1980) made for the first time the formal proposal that the FO of the conodont <i>Gondolella timorensis</i> Nogami, 1968 may be used for the definition of the lower boundary of the Anisian Stage in a clearly named section and locality, i.e., the section at Chios, Greece. The historical premises on which these authors prompted their proposal are unfolded in a foregoing section in the present paper where it is outlined that the Chios section lacks conclusive ammonoid data to properly fix the Spathian-Aegean/Olenekian-Anisian boundary.</p> <p> Besides the above mentioned references that historically are the most relevant for the issue discussed in the present section, there are many other references in which the first occurrence of <i>Chiosella timorensis</i> and its chronostratigraphic range have been discussed for a long time, which are also highly controversial. One relevant reference, which demonstrates the still existing uncertainity around the above discussed issue by the end of the 1980 s, is Lozovsky et al. (1989), who stated that <i>Neospathodus timorensis</i> Zone appers to be early Anisian, but the lower part of its range may slightly correlate with the uppermost Lower Triassic.</p> <p> The issue of first occurrence and chronostratigraphic range of the <i>timorensis</i> / <i>gondolelloides / aegaea</i> group has been largely and controversially discussed by Kozur and Budurov, who repeatedly modified over time their opinions in conjunction with the diffuse taxonomic assignement and definition of <i>timorensis</i> versus <i>gondolelloides</i>, and with the successively changing current views on their chronostratigraphic range.</p> <p> Kozur (1972, 1974, 1975) and Kozur & Mostler (1972) advanced a Triassic conodont zonation, in which the “ <i>timorensis</i> Assemblage-Zone ” is placed in the upper Spathian (<i>Keyserlingites subrobustus</i> -Zone), followed by “ <i>aegaea</i> S.-Z.” of the “ <i>aegaea</i> A.-Z” placed in the Lower Anisian. Shortly afterthat, Kozur (1973a, b) began to advocate that the <i>Keyserlingites subrobustus</i> -Zone should be placed at the base of the Anisian, by taking into consideration the evolution of the gondolellid conodonts, and based on the inadequate interpretation, as proved later, of the chronostratigraphic significance of ammonoid faunas around the Olenekian-Anisian boundary. Consequently, Kozur (1980 a-b) and Kovács & Kozur (1980) placed the <i>Keyserlingites subrobustus</i> -Zone (= <i>Neopopanoceras haugi</i> -Zone) and the “ <i>timorensis</i> -zone” at the base of the Aegean, by inadequately interpreting the mixed ammonoid assemblage from Ziyun, China, discussed by Wang Y-G (1978), and on which, later, even Wang Y-G (1985) completely changed his interpretation. Finally, by adopting the ammonoid succession in Nevada and British Columbia published by Bucher (1989, 1992, 2002), Kozur (1989a, 1999, 2003 a-b) and Kozur & Bachmann (2005) adopted a new zonation scheme, with <i>Chiosella timorensis</i> -Zone placed at the base of the Aegean (<i>Japonites welteri</i> -Zone), following upward by the <i>Chiosella gondolelloides</i> -Zone placed at the top of the <i>Neopopanoceras haugi</i> -Zone of the latest Spathian, and where the former lower Anisian “ <i>aegaea</i> -A.-Z.” is missing.</p> <p> Budurov, in Budurov & Trifonova (1974), and Budurov (1976a, b) advanced a Triassic conodont zonation where the “ <i>gondolelloides</i> Zone aIβ” is placed in “obere Teile des Hydasp” of Bender (1970), the chronostratigraphic equivalent of the lower Anisian of Assereto (1974). In the next publications, Budurov et al. (1983, 1985, 1987) and Budurov & Trifonova (1984) placed the <i>Neospathodus gondolelloides</i> R.-Z. either on the top of the Spathian or straddling the upper Spathian-lower Anisian boundary, where <i>gondolelloides</i> is interpreted as the senior synonym of <i>timorensis</i>. When the new genus <i>Kashmirella</i> was introduced by Budurov et al. (1988b) to replace the generic assignment of <i>Neospathodus gondolelloides</i> Bender 1970 (= <i>G. timorensis</i> Nogami 1968), the newly named <i>K. gondolelloides</i> R.-Z. is straddling the upper Spathian-lower Anisian boundary (e.g., Budurov et al., 1989; Budurov & Trifonova, 1991), subsequently replaced by <i>K. timorensis</i> R.-Z. (Budurov & Trifonova, 1994). When stated that <i>gondolelloides</i> and <i>timorensis</i> are distinct conodont species, Budurov & Sudar (1995) and Budurov & Trifonova (1995) have split the former <i>K. gondolelloides</i>
Energy transfer in light-harvesting complexes LHCII and CP29 of spinach studied with three pulse echo peak shift and transient grating
No full textThree pulse echo peak shift and transient grating (TG) measurements on the plant light-harvesting complexes LHCII and CP29 are reported. The LHCII complex is by far the most abundant light-harvesting complex in higher plants and fulfills several important physiological functions such as light-harvesting and photoprotection. Our study is focused on the light-harvesting function of LHCII and the very similar CP29 complex and reveals hitherto unresolved excitation energy transfer processes. All measurements were performed at room temperature using detergent isolated complexes from spinach leaves. Both complexes were excited in their Chl b band at 650 nm and in the blue shoulder of the Chl a band at 670 nm. Exponential,: fits to the TG and three pulse echo peak shift decay curves were used to estimate the timescales of the observed energy transfer processes. At 650 nm, the TG decay can be described with time constants of 130 fs and 2.2 ps for CP29, and 300 fs and 2.8 ps for LHCII. At 670 nm, the TG shows decay components of 230 fs and 6 ps for LHCII, and 300 fs and 5 ps for CP29. These time constants correspond to well-known energy transfer processes, from Chl b to Chl a for the 650 nm TG and from blue (670 nm) Chl a to red (680 nm) Chl a for the 670 nm TG. The peak shift decay times are entirely different. At 650 nm we find times of 150 fs and 0.5-1 ps for LHCII, and 360 fs and 3 ps for CP29, which we can associate mainly with Chl b Chl b,energy transfer. At 670 nm we find times of 140 fs and 3 ps for LHCII, and 3 ps for CP29, which we can associate with fast (only in LHCII) and slow transfer between relatively blue Chls a or Chl a states. From the occurrence of both fast Chl b Chl, bland fast Chl b --> Chl a transfer in CP29, we conclude that at least two mixed binding sites are present in this complex. A detailed comparison of our observed rates with exciton calculations on both CP29 and LHCII provides us with more insight in the location of these mixed sites. Most importantly, for CP29, we find that a Chl b pair must be present in some, but not all, complexes, on sites A(3) and B-3. For LHCII, the observed rates can best be understood if the same pair, A(3) and B-3, is involved in both fast Chl b Chl b and fast Chl a Chl a transfer. Hence, it is likely that mixed sites also occur in the native LHCII complex. Such flexibility in chlorophyll binding would agree with the general flexibility in aggregation form and xanthophylli, binding of the LHCII complex and could be of use for optimizing the role of LHCII under specific circumstances, for example under high-light conditions. Our study is the first to provide spectroscopic evidence for mixed binding sites, as well as the first to show their existence in native complexes
CONSEQUENCES OF THE INSTABILITY OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK REGARDING PUBLIC SERVANTS ON THE ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY
No full textThis paper proposes a careful analysis of current changes occurring in the field of legislation concerning public office. Analyzing the provisions of the Government’s Emergency Ordinance no. 37/2009 and also of the Government’s Emergency Ordinance no. 105/2009, both of them modifying the Law no.188/1999 regarding the public servants statute, we observed that an obvious politically direction of decentralized public institutions has been promoted. By declaring these acts unconstitutional, the category of coordinator directors was eliminated, currently being applied the settlements of Law no.188/1999. In this legal framework, has been proposed a new law amending the regulations on the Status of civil servants. However, these successive changes may only have a negative impact on public administrative reform and the incentive of the activity of civil services is far from being reached.public servant, decentralization, public institution, unconstitutionality
Crystallography Reports V. 50, I. 02
No full textleave(s) : ill; 28 cm.Crystallography Reports -- March 2005
Volume 50, Issue 2, pp. 167-343
CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY
Systematic Studies of General Structural Characteristics of Organic Molecular Crystals and Prediction of Their Structures
L. N. Kuleshova, D. W. M. Hofmann, and M. Yu. Antipin
pp. 167-176 Full Text: PDF (335 kB)
DIFFRACTION AND SCATTERING OF IONIZING RADIATIONS
Modern Possibilities for Calculating Some Properties of Molecules and Crystals from the Experimental Electron Density
A. I. Stash and V. G. Tsirelson
pp. 177-184 Full Text: PDF (278 kB)
STRUCTURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Crystal and Magnetic Structure of the Sm0.45Sr0.55MnO3 Manganite Studied by Neutron Powder Diffraction
A. I. Kurbakov, V. A. Trunov, C. Martin, and A. Maignan
pp. 185-190 Full Text: PDF (83 kB)
Crystal Structure of a New Neodymium Hexamolybdotellurate, Nd2TeMo6O24 �� 19H2O
I. A. Charushnikova, A. M. Fedoseev, A. B. Yusov, and C. Den Auwer
pp. 191-193 Full Text: PDF (89 kB)
Crystal Structure of Sakhaite from the Solongo Deposit in Connection with the Crystallochemical Interpretation of the Sakhaite���Harkerite Mineral Series
O. V. Yakubovich, I. M. Still, P. G. Gavrilenko, and V. S. Urusov
pp. 194-202 Full Text: PDF (531 kB)
Growth and Defect Crystal Structure of CdF2 and Nonstoichiometric Cd1 ��� x RxF2 + x Phases (R = Rare Earth and In). Part 3. Crystal Structure of As-Grown Cd0.90R0.10F2.10 (R = Sm���Lu, Y) Single Crystals
E. A. Sul'yanova, A. P. Shcherbakov, V. N. Molchanov, V. I. Simonov, and B. P. Sobolev
pp. 203-216 Full Text: PDF (479 kB)
STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Template Synthesis and Crystal Structure of an Asymmetric Square-Planar Complex: Pyridine-2,6-Dicarbaldehyde- Bis(S-Methylisothiosemicarbazonato)nickel(II) Iodide
J. I. Gradinaru, S. T. Malinovskii, M. A. Popovici, and M. Gdaniec
pp. 217-223 Full Text: PDF (128 kB)
Synthesis and Structure of Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes [VO(Acac)2] and [VO(Sal:L-alanine)(H2O)]
E. V. Fedorova, V. B. Rybakov, V. M. Senyavin, A. V. Anisimov, and L. A. Aslanov
pp. 224-229 Full Text: PDF (82 kB)
Crystal and Molecular Structure of Barium Cyclohexane-1,2-Diamine-N,N,N[prime],N[prime]-Tetraacetatonickeloate Decahydrate Ba[Ni(Cdta)] �� 10H2O
I. N. Polyakova, V. S. Sergienko, and A. L. Poznyak
pp. 230-233 Full Text: PDF (64 kB)
Structural Investigation of Model Compounds for an Acceptor Component of a New Type of Charge-Transfer Complexes Based on Viologen Analogues. Characteristic Features of the Molecular and Supramolecular Structures
L. G. Kuz'mina, A. V. Churakov, J. A. K. Howard, A. I. Vedernikov, N. A. Lobova, A. A. Botsmanova, M. V. Alfimov, and S. P. Gromov
pp. 234-253 Full Text: PDF (329 kB)
LATTICE DYNAMICS AND PHASE TRANSITIONS
Neutron-Scattering Study of the Dynamics of Ammonium in Different Phases of Halides of K1 ��� x(NH4)xHal Mixed Crystals
I. Natkaniec, L. S. Smirnov, and L. A. Shuvalov[dagger]
pp. 254-261 Full Text: PDF (107 kB)
Influence of Striction on Soliton Interaction in Crystals
S. A. Minyukov, A. P. Levanyuk, and A. Cano
pp. 262-269 Full Text: PDF (109 kB)
Low-Frequency Phonon Dynamics, Spin-Lattice Relaxation, and Sound Attenuation in Crystals with Incommensurate Phases
S. A. Minyukov and A. P. Levanyuk
pp. 270-277 Full Text: PDF (109 kB)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALS
Magnetostimulated Changes of Microhardness in Potassium Acid Phthalate Crystals
M. V. Koldaeva, T. N. Turskaya, and E. V. Darinskaya
pp. 278-283 Full Text: PDF (195 kB)
Luminescence of Crystals of Divalent Tungstates
A. A. Blistanov, B. I. Zadneprovskii, M. A. Ivanov, V. V. Kochurikhin, V. S. Petrakov, and I. O. Yakimova
pp. 284-290 Full Text: PDF (97 kB)
Monotonic and Jumpwise Deformation of Bulk Amorphous Zr46.8Ti8Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 Alloy in Nanoindentation
Yu. I. Golovin, V. I. Ivolgin, A. I. Tyurin, S. V. Potapov, V. Z. Bengus, and E. D. Tabachnikova
pp. 291-296 Full Text: PDF (130 kB)
Anomalous Crystal Optics of Heterogeneous Crystals
Yu. O. Punin and A. G. Shtukenberg
pp. 297-307 Full Text: PDF (255 kB)
LIQUID CRYSTALS
Molecular Aspects of the Main Phase Transition in Lipid Systems as a Weak First-Order Phase Transition: 1. Model of Thermodynamic Behavior of Lipid Membranes
S. A. Pikin, D. P. Kharakoz, L. I. Tiktopulo, and E. S. Pikina
pp. 308-315 Full Text: PDF (101 kB)
Specific Features of Electromechanical Conversion in Various Liquid Crystalline Phases
E. V. Popova, A. P. Fedoryako, L. A. Kutulya, and V. P. Seminozhenko
pp. 316-319 Full Text: PDF (57 kB)
SURFACE, THIN FILMS
Study of Structural Properties of InxGa1 ��� xAs/InyAl1 ��� yAs Heterosystems on InP Substrates
R. M. Imamov, V. G. Mokerov, �. M. Pashaev, I. A. Subbotin, and Yu. V. Fedorov
pp. 320-326 Full Text: PDF (241 kB)
CRYSTAL GROWTH
Physical and Physicochemical Processes Accompanying Powder Synthesis, Growth of PbMoO4 Crystals, and Their Annealing in Various Media: I. Solid-State Mechanism of the Formation of the Pb2MoO5 Microheterogeneous Phase in PbMoO4 Crystals
V. T. Gabrielyan, O. S. Grunskii, A. A. Gukasov, A. V. Denisov, N. S. Nikogosyan, and L. M. Fedorova
pp. 327-334 Full Text: PDF (190 kB)
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE
New Force Field for Molecular Simulation and Crystal Design Developed Based on the "Data Mining" Method
D. W. M. Hofmann and L. N. Kuleshova
pp. 335-337 Full Text: PDF (34 kB)
MEMORIAL DATA
To the 80th Anniversary of the Birth of Boris Nikolaevich Grechushnikov (1925���1993)
T. F. Veremeichik
pp. 338-343 Full Text: PDF (96 kB)The content contained herein is maintained and curated by the Preservation Department.This record is revised and maintained by the content administrators from the Cataloging & Metadata Department
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