1,720,987 research outputs found
Market-Based Measures: The European Union Emission Trading Scheme and the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation
No full textAnticipating the market reaction would help decision makers to choose and to operate a certain way to reach a specific goal. Experiments could be a potential method to achieve this anticipation, especially when there is no reference market and, thus, it is impossible to observe previous behaviour by agents. Environment is one of the sectors where experiments in anticipation might be useful.
The objective of this paper is to show the importance of experiments in the analysis of people’s propensity toward the environment and in evaluating environmentally friendly investments. We discuss the application of a laboratory experiment to environmental regulation. In particular, we analyse the emission trading scheme (ETS) with reference to the aviation sector. In the laboratory, we test the propensity of firms to purchase permits to emit CO2 and to change their production technology. We consider a realistic framework by identifying a maximum limit of emissions established by the regulator, offering the opportunity to firms to change the initial (highly pollutant) technology. We first carry out a pilot experiment, with a very limited set of instructions for the participants and no real remuneration. Afterwards, we run a proper experiment, giving detailed instructions and clarifying the transformation of pay-offs in currency. We obtain interesting results, showing that experiments might be a valid instrument, but that their design is extremely important. The results of the pilot experiment are in fact very different from those of the final experiment, due in part to the different paying out rules, but also to the improvement in the framework design, which led to a greater awareness of the participants. This paper shows that experiments are a valid policy support instrument, but their correct design is topical for its performance
Sustainable aviation: Greening the flight path
No full textThis book highlights the latest research in the field of sustainable avia- tion. In recent decades, there have been considerable improvements in aircraft efficiency and noise reduction. However, with the demand for both passenger and freight transportation expected to increase signifi- cantly in future years, the aviation sector is becoming a growing source of environmental problems and a major contributor to global warming.
Focusing on the need to address this mounting problem, this book discusses important new trends and outlines likely future developments in carbon emission reduction, carbon trading, and the impact of emerg- ing technologies, as well as social, legal, and regulatory changes as they pertain to the aviation sector.
The book offers an invaluable reference guide for practitioners, regu- lators, academics, and students alike, in fields ranging from business and engineering to the social sciences. It can be used as a textbook and will benefit anyone interested in the future of aviation and our planet
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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