1,720,977 research outputs found
Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with increased expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in obese subjects
No full textObjective: The role of glucocorticoids production in adipose tissue in the development of metabolic disorders in humans has not been fully characterized. We investigated whether in obese subjects, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) expression in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue is associated with the occurrence of metabolic disorders and the expression of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and two glucocorticoid-regulated adipokines able to influence the metabolic control. Design and subjects: Sixty-two obese patients were enrolled in the study. SAT and VAT samples were obtained from 13 patients undergoing bariatric surgery (body mass index (BMI) 39.1±5.3 kg/m2). SAT samples were obtained from 49 patients who underwent periumbilical biopsy (BMI 36.9±5.1 kg/m2). Measurements: Oral glucose tolerance tests in subjects without known diabetes. Circulating glucose, lipid, insulin, adiponectin, TNFα and urinary-free cortisol levels. Real-time PCR to quantify mRNA levels of 11β-HSD1, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH), adiponectin and TNFα. Western blot analysis to evaluate 11β-HSD1 protein expression. Results: In the majority of the obese subjects, VAT expresses more 11β-HSD1 than SAT. VAT 11β-HSD1 expression was not associated with metabolic disorders. SAT 11β-HSD1 mRNA levels were higher in subjects with than in those without metabolic syndrome (P<0.05) and in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to patients with impaired or normal glucose tolerance (P<0.0001). SAT 11β-HSD1 expression was independently related to fasting glucose (P<0.0001) and urinary-free cortisol levels (P<0.01), and increased expression of 11β-HSD1 was associated with increased adiponectin and TNFα expression and decreased serum adiponectin levels (all P's <0.05). Conclusions: In obese subjects, increased 11β-HSD1 expression in SAT, but not in VAT, is associated with the worsening of metabolic conditions. We hypothesize that higher glucocorticoid production in adipose tissue would favor the development of metabolic disorders through a decrease in adiponectin release
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Caratterizzazione morfologica e molecolare del tessuto adiposo nelle malattie infiammatorie croniche intestinali
No full textVengono presentati i risultati preliminari della caratterizzazione morfologica e molecolare del tessuto adiposo viscerale e sottocutaneo nei pazienti affetti da morbo di Croh
Expression of long pentraxin PTX3 in human adipose tissue and its relation with cardiovascular risk factors
No full textPentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase protein strongly expressed by advanced atherosclerotic lesions. We investigated (a) PTX3 expression and secretion in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and omental visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained from 21 obese (37.4 ± 8.15 yr) and 10 normal weight subjects (43.7 ± 11.07 yr) and (b) the relationships of adipose PTX3 with tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and adiponectin expression and with cardiometabolic risk factors. Real-time PCR was used to quantify specific mRNA for PTX3, CD68 (macrophage marker), TNFα and adiponectin. Fresh adipose tissue was cultured and PTX3 measured in the medium. Serum insulin, glucose, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, adiponectin, TNFα and PTX3 were measured. PTX3 expression was similar in the two fat compartments and tended to be higher in obese than in normal weight subjects in VAT only (p = 0.05). CD68 and PTX3 expressions were correlated with each other in SAT but not in VAT. After adjustment for age and sex, VAT-PTX3 expression and release were correlated with VAT-TNFα expression (p < 0.01 for both) and with LDL/HDL ratio (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). VAT-PTX3 expression was also correlated with BMI, triglycerides, CRP, fibrinogen and adiponectin (p < 0.05 for all). In the multivariate analysis with VAT-PTX3 RNA levels as dependent variable, LDL/HDL ratio and fibrinogen remained independently associated with VAT-PTX3 expression (p < 0.01 for both). These associations were not seen within SAT. Conclusions: Human adipose tissue expresses and releases PTX3 likely under TNFα control. VAT production of PTX3 seems to contribute to the mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Adiponectin receptors gene expression in lymphocytes of obese and anorexic patients
No full textAim: Two adiponectin receptors (ADIPORs), ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2, are widely expressed in tissues. Whether changes in the expression of ADIPORs are associated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether lymphocyte ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 mRNA expression is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, first-phase insulin secretion and serum adiponectin levels. Methods: Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we measured ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 mRNA levels in the lymphocytes of 59 obese patients, of whom 39 had normal glucose tolerance, 8 had impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, and 12 had type 2 diabetes, and of 21 women with restrictive anorexia nervosa. Results: In all subjects, ADIPOR1 expression was 2.2-fold higher than that of ADIPOR2 (p < 0.0001). The mRNA expression level of both receptors correlated with each other (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for age and sex, lymphocyte ADIPORs mRNA expression (ADIPOR1, p < 0.005; ADIPOR2, p < 0.05) and serum adiponectin (p < 0.0001) were significantly lower in obese patients than in anorexic subjects. In a multivariate analysis with ADIPOR1 as the dependent variable and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and adiponectin as the independent variables, only serum adiponectin remained positively and independently correlated with ADIPOR1 (p < 0.05). Adiponectin was independently and negatively related to BMI and sex. Conclusions: We have demonstrated inthis study that lymphocytes express ADIPORs and that, similar to serum adiponectin, ADIPORs expression is markedly reduced in obese subjects. ADIPORs expression is not independently related to BMI, insulin resistance and β-cell function
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sensory perception in obese subjects with eating disorders : a matter of taste?
No full textObesity is now considered a multifactorial disease, where various metabolic, functional and socio-environmental components contribute to its development. However, the emotional component and the relationship with food remain an important component and the link between obesity and various eating disorders is becoming increasingly clear. The aetiology and maintenance of eating-disorder symptoms are not well understood. Since some evidence suggests that there may be gustatory alterations in this kind of patients, the aim of this work is to investigate taste perception in patients suffering from obesity diagnosed with eating disorders. Methods: The taste thresholds of sweet and salty were assessed in a sample of 85 subjects through an ISO13301:2018 methodology, i.e. 3-Alternative-Forced-Choice (3-AFC). A general index of bitter taste sensitivity was also measured through the responsiveness to 6-n- propylthiural (PROP). Results: preliminary data showed that control subjects are characterized by a greater sensitivity for both sweet and salty taste while, in the obese group, subjects with eating disorders seem to present low sensitivity for salty taste. No significant differences were highlighted for PROP, probably due to the actually sample size dimension. Looking at the effect of gender, women seem to present lower thresholds (higher sensitivity) for sweet taste than men, independently of their nutritional status or presence of eating disorders. Discussion: Despite the preliminary nature of these data regarding interindividual differences in taste perception, these results will contribute to increase the knowledge on sensory perception’s role in eating behavior. Moreover, this study could provide novel indications for a personalized dietary intervention effective for weight loss in obese patients affected by eating disorders
Adiponectin and insulin resistance modulate the gene expression of adiponectin receptors in human adipose tissue
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