13 research outputs found
Photoelectric properties of ITO/p(+)-p(-)-InP solar cells in linearly polarized light
No full textIndium phosphide heterostructures and transparent conducting films of wide-gap oxides have previously been used in the development of highly efficient solar cells, making it possible to bring their efficiencies up to 18% [M, M. Koltun, Optics and Metrology of Solar Cells [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1985); V. M. Botnaryuk, L. S. Gagara, L. V. Gorchak et al., Geliotekhnika 23, 37 (1990); V. Botnariuc, L. Gagara, E. Negru et al., Solar Energy in Romania 2(1), 53 (1993)]. In the present paper results are reported from the first studies of the photoelectric properties, in linearly polarized light, of solar cells consisting of a heterojunction between single crystal indium phosphide and a mixed indium and tin oxide film (ITO film, E-g congruent to 3.6 eV [G. Check and A. Genis, Solid Stale Techol. 23(1), 102 (1980)]). (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S1063-7842(98)01305-1]
Application of CdS Insulator Nano Layers in SIS Structures Based on pSi
No full textAbstractIt was investigated the works of SIS structures pSi-CdS-ITO in which has been found experimentaly the effect multiplication process. For created this SIS structures was used thin films CdS with ρ=109 -1010 Ω.cm and transparency 80-85% deposited by method spray pyrolysis .The layer thickness was controlled by the deposition time and consta 15-180 Aº. ITO layers was deposied on CdS layer with thicknesses 70-100 nm method spray pyrolysis too. Ohmic contacts was fored : Ni to pSi and In to ITO. At the illumination by laser light λ=0,63 µm and the flux of N=6,3.1015 s -1 cm-2 the amplification coefficient M=10-12 , the fotocurrent density was 4-6 mA/cm2
Comparative Study of the p-CdS/n-CdTe Photovoltaic Devices with Depleted Intrinsic Layer
No full textAccess full text - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31866-6_125In fabricating CdS/CdTe photovoltaic devices by close space sublimation method, thermal annealed in CdCI2 ambient at 400 °C at the interface is deposited an i-CdO layer by magnetron sputtering. Comparative analysis of electrical, photovoltaic parameters and photo-response spectral distribution is studied. The insertion of i-CdO at the interface of device increases both short circuit current (Isc) and open circuit voltage (Voc). In addition, the experimental results revealed that the insertion of i-nanolayer broaden the depletion region of the device and diminish the interface state density, thus improving efficiency of the device
Overland flow: interfacing models with measurements
No full textIndex words: overland flow, catchment scale, system identification, ensemble simulations.This study presents new techniques to identify scale-dependent overland flow models and use these for ensemble-based predictions. The techniques are developed on the basis of overland flow, rain, discharge, soil, vegetation and terrain observations that were collected over a three year period in two tropical catchments. The merits of the identification technique are its robustness with regard to unknown errors, the ability to adjust model resolution in response to data availability, and to interpret the entities of the identified model structures physically. Compared to a static regression model and a dynamic distributed model the predictive performance of the scale-dependent overland flow models is good, especially when using model ensembles. Further analysis of the scale-dependent models shows that rainfall largely determines overland flow when modelled at coarse resolutions, whereas soil moisture drives overland flow when defined at fine resolutions. Interestingly, the number of model parameters remains constant over the different resolutions. The use of the scale-dependent models for predictive purposes is demonstrated by applying Tikhonov regularization for recursive state as well as parameter estimation
Prise En Charge Des Victimes Du Conflit Armé Du Nord Mali Dans Les Hôpitaux De Niamey
No full textObjectives: The aims of this study was to evaluate the management of lesions in victims of the malian conflict patients admitted to Niamey hospitals. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Niamey hospitals from January 1st, 2012 to December, 31th, 2013. Data collected included âge, sex, means of transport, topography of trauma, treatment and outcome. Results: The sample included fifty one (51) patients. All patients were male; the mean age was 29,5 years ± 9 years, ranging from 17-71 years. The age between 26 and 35 were most affected in 47% of cases (24 patients), soldiers represented 72.54% (37 patients); and civils 27.45% (14 patients). 74.50% of our patients (38) were been transported in Niamey by aircraft. The trauma concerned the members in 54.90% (28 cases), canio facial in 17.60% (9 cases), abdomen in 11.80% (6 cases). We observed only one polytrauma. 66.66% (34) of patients were injured by firearms, 29.41% (15) by accidents of roads, 3,93% by burn (2 patients). The lesions found were bone in 41.17% (21 patients), skin-muscle in 35.29% (18 patients), visceral in 9.80% (5 patients). Five patients died (9.80%). Conclusion: the internationalization of conflicts requires a reorganization of the care by involving all the nearness health structures in order to ensure adequate care and neutrality
Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutical aspects of road traffic accident in 1034 children admitted at Niamey National Hospital - Niger
No full textAnaesthetic Management of Homozygous Sickle Cell Patients at Niamey National Hospital, Niger
No full textBackground: Sickle cell disease is a common comorbidity in patient presenting for surgical care in our hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of anaesthetic management of sickle cell disease patients in our hospital.Patients and method: A prospective audit was conducted for a period of 12 months, from 1st March 2015 to 29th February, 2016. Included were all homozygous sickle cell patients who underwent anaesthesia. The following variables were studied: age, sex, blood transfusion, hemoglobin level, ASA status, type of anaesthesia, pre-, intra- and post-operative management and outcome.Results: Thirty (30) patients with homozygous sickle-cell disease were found among the 3882 patients who were operated on (0.77%). Mean age was 12 ± 8 years, with a range from 9 months to 36 years. More than half of the patients were female (53.3%) with a sex ratio of 1.14. Hemoglobin level was less than 7 g / dl in 23.33%. Only 6.67% of patients had hemoglobin level above 10 g / dl. Of the 30 patients, 93.34% were ASA II, 36.70% had preoperative transfusion, surgery was elective in 93.30% and emergent in 6.70%. The commonest surgical procedures were tonsillectomy in 26.66%. General anaesthesia was performed in 96.70% of patients, spinal anaesthesia in 3.30%. Intraoperative incidents occurred in 23.33%. Intraoperative transfusion was given to 43.30% of patients. Mortality rate was 10%.Conclusion: Anaesthetic management of the sickle cell patient in our hospital is challenging due to lack of transfusion procedures and exchange transfusions.Keywords: Sickle cell disease, anaesthesia, outcome, Niamey, Nige
Age patterns of severe paediatric malaria and their relationship to Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity.
No full textBACKGROUND: The understanding of the epidemiology of severe malaria in African children remains incomplete across the spectrum of Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensities through which communities might expect to transition, as intervention coverage expands. METHODS: Paediatric admission data were assembled from 13 hospitals serving 17 communities between 1990 and 2007. Estimates of Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity in these communities were assembled to be spatially and temporally congruent to the clinical admission data. The analysis focused on the relationships between community derived parasite prevalence and the age and clinical presentation of paediatric malaria in children aged 0-9 years admitted to hospital. RESULTS: As transmission intensity declined a greater proportion of malaria admissions were in older children. There was a strong linear relationship between increasing transmission intensity and the proportion of paediatric malaria admissions that were infants (R2 = 0.73, p < 0.001). Cerebral malaria was reported among 4% and severe malaria anaemia among 17% of all malaria admissions. At higher transmission intensity cerebral malaria was a less common presentation compared to lower transmission sites. There was no obvious relationship between the proportions of children with severe malaria anaemia and transmission intensity. CONCLUSION: As the intensity of malaria transmission declines in Africa through the scaling up of insecticide-treated nets and other vector control measures a focus of disease prevention among very young children becomes less appropriate. The understanding of the relationship between parasite exposure and patterns of disease risk should be used to adapt malaria control strategies in different epidemiological settings
Lamispina schmidtii Salazar-Vallejo 2014, n. comb.
No full text<i>Lamispina schmidtii</i> (Annenkova-Chlopina, 1924) n. comb. <p>Figure 15</p> <p> <i>Stylarioides schmidtii</i> Annenkova-Chlopina, 1924:126–127, 1937:175, Fig. 8.— Uschakov, 1955:309, Figs 114d–e.— Levenstein, 1966:45.</p> <p> <i>Stylarioides negligens</i> Berkeley & Berkeley, 1950:58–59, Fig. 4, 1952:10–11, Fig. 10.— Pettibone, 1967:14.</p> <p> <i>Pherusa negligens</i>.— Hobson, 1974:71, Fig. 1c.— Hobson & Banse, 1981:58, Fig. 11g.</p> <p> <b>Type material. Northwestern Pacific.</b> Syntypes of <i>Stylarioides schmidtii</i> Annenkova-Chlopina, 1924 (ZIRAS 27296), off Mauki (Khlomsk), Sakhalin Island, Tatar Strait, Japan Sea, 100 m, dredged, sand, P.Y. Schmidt, coll. (two anterior and 7 medial fragments; anterior fragments 8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, cephalic cage 4.0– 4.5 mm long, 10–11 chaetigers). <b>Northeastern Pacific</b> <b>.</b> Holotype of <i>Stylarioides negligens</i> (USNM 32683), Mitlenatch Island, Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada, 183 m, D. Williamson, coll.</p> <p> <b>Additional material. Okhotsk Sea.</b> One specimen (ZIRAS 27298), broken in two fragments, with anterior end everted, without posterior end, RV Gagara, Sta. 217 (51°35' N, 154°46' E), 418 m, muddy sand, 10 Jul. 1932 (14+ 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, cephalic cage 4 mm long, 20+18 chaetigers). <b>Alaska</b>. One specimen (CAS 26691), damaged, Gulf of Alaska, Sta. 13 (59°21.7' N, 141°04.8' W), 237 m, no further data (anterior fragment, 14 mm long, 2 mm wide, cephalic cage 3 mm long, 24 chaetigers). Several specimens (CAS 151351), damaged, Boca de Quadra fjord, main channel, Dec. 1979, QHMP Survey, coll. (complete specimens 7–9 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, cephalic cage 1.5–2.3 mm long, 23–30 chaetigers; large anterior fragment 14 mm long, 2 mm wide, cephalic cage 3 mm long, 16 chaetigers). <b>Washington</b>. Three specimens (USNM 50071), damaged, Strait of Juan de Fuca (48°14' N, 123°57' W), 153 m, gravelly sand, 12 June 1965, K.D. Hobson coll., id.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Best syntype of <i>S. schmidti</i> (ZIRAS 27296), anterior fragment, most chaetae broken (Fig. 15A); 8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, cephalic cage 4.5 mm long, 11 chaetigers. Holotype of <i>S. negligens</i> (USNM 32683); anterior fragment, cylindrical (Fig. 15D), tapered posteriorly (posterior fragment thinner); 7.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, cephalic cage 5 mm long, 17 chaetigers. Body papillae thin, long, with fine sediment particles, very long dorsally, shorter ventrally, arranged in 5–6 transverse series per segment (Fig. 15A, B, D).</p> <p>Anterior end not exposed (observed in a non-type specimen, ZIRAS 27298). Cephalic hood short, margin smooth. Prostomium low lobe, eye pigment faded out. Caruncle pale, triangular, short, medial keel rounded, elevated, lateral ridges converging posteriorly. Palps lost; palp keels elevated, lateral lobes reduced. Dorsal and ventral lips reduced; lateral lips well developed (Fig. 15C). Pharynx globose, exposed, damaged; anterior gut slightly shown by fracture, muscular, cylindrical.</p> <p>Branchiae lost, scars indicate similar width, apparently in a continuous marginal row, 8 branchial scars. Size relationship with palps or among themselves, unknown. Nephridial lobes in branchial plate not seen.</p> <p>Cephalic cage chaetae 2–3x longer than body width, arranged in short series. Chaetigers 1–2 shorter, forming cephalic cage; chaetiger 3 longer, transitional, notochaetae less than half as long as those in chaetigers 1–2. Four notochaetae and six neurochaetae per chaetiger in cephalic cage (14 noto- and 8 neurochaetae in syntypes).</p> <p>Anterior dorsal margin of first chaetiger papillated (some specimens with eroded tunic, with two lateral rounded cushions); anterior chaetigers with long papillae. Chaetal transition from cephalic cage to body chaetae abrupt; lamispines present from chaetiger 4. Gonopodial lobes not seen (in ZIRAS 27298, small rounded whitish lobes in chaetigers 5–6).</p> <p>Parapodia poorly developed along the body; chaetae emerge from body wall (Fig. 15E). Notopodia dorsolateral, neuropodia ventrolateral; noto- and neuropodial papillae ½–? as long as chaetae. Notochaetae all multiarticulated capillaries, articles short basally, faintly defined, long medially and distally.</p> <p>Medial notochaetae arranged in a -shaped pattern; all multiarticulated capillaries, articles barely visible basally, long medially and distally (Fig. 15F); about 10 per bundle (12 in syntypes), 1.5x longer than body width. Neuropodia 1–3 with multiarticulated capillaries; lamispines from chaetiger 4; medial and posterior chaetigers with lamispines about twice as long as body width, some twisted (Fig. 15H), appearing pseudocompound. Lamispines arranged in transverse series, 5–7 per bundle. Tips with a recurved single tooth and a hood that runs towards it (Fig. 15G); hood plate often surpassing denticle, giving a bidentate appearance (Fig. 15G, inset).</p> <p>Posterior end observed in non-type specimen (CAS 151351), tapered into a rounded lobe, pygidium with anus dorsoterminal, anal cirri absent.</p> <p> <b>Variation</b>. The complete specimens (CAS 151351) were 7–9 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, their cephalic cage were 1.5–2.3 mm long, with 23–30 chaetigers.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Lamispina schmidtii</i> (Annenkova-Chlopina, 1924) n. comb. resembles <i>L. falcata</i> (Støp-Bowitz, 1948) n. comb. and <i>L. milligani</i> <b>n. sp.</b> because their body papillae are delicate, filiform and easily eroded leaving bare surfaces. They can be separated by several features: number and size of notochaetae, type and number of lamispines, and number of transverse series of papillae. Thus, <i>L. milligani</i> is separated from the other species by having very short notochaetae, whereas <i>L. schmidtii</i> differs by having 5–7 lamispines per bundle, their tips hooded, and 5–6 transverse series of papillae per segment, whereas in <i>L. falcata</i> there are slightly fewer lamispines (4–5), their tips are entire, not hooded, and more transverse series of papillae (8–10) per segment.</p> <p> The type materials of <i>L. schmidtii</i> and <i>Stylarioides negligens</i> Berkeley & Berkeley, 1950 are very similar to each other. Both have long, variably eroded body papillae and an hirsute or spinous appearance; in <i>P. schmidti</i> types many chaetae are broken and in the few complete lamispines available, the distal hood is eroded, but because some traces of it remain, the hood is regarded as present; consequently these two species are regarded as synonymous. There are some small differences in interramal papillae, being long, tapered in <i>L. schmidtii</i> syntypes, and shorter, blunt in the type of <i>S. negligens</i>, but because of the state of the material, no further difference was found, and despite their disjunct distributions, they are regarded as belonging to the same species. Better preserved specimens would probably help clarifying any means to separate them, if different. The original description of <i>S. schmidtii</i> and its later illustrations by Annenkova (1937:175, Fig. 80), were overlooked by the Berkeleys.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> From the Sea of Japan to Alaska and then to Washington, in soft bottoms in 100–418 m depth.</p>Published as part of <i>Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2014, Revision of Pherusa Oken, 1807 (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae), pp. 1-61 in Zootaxa 3886 (1)</i> on pages 39-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3886.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4951874">http://zenodo.org/record/4951874</a>
Fifteen years of rifampicin-resistant TB control in Niger: high countrywide treatment uptake and success
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