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Anomala flavacoma Filippini, Mico
No full textAnomala flavacoma Filippini, Micó, & Galante, new species Fig. 3 Material examined: Holotype: ɞ "Limon, Costa Rica Reserva Hitoy–Cerere Rio Cerere 100 msnm 24 marzo 1987 Angel Solis / 56 / Costa Rica INBIOCRI002517822" (INBIO). Paratypes (11): 1 ɞ "Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limon, Costa Rica, Nov 1992 G. Carballo L- N / Costa Rica INBIOCRI000926676"; 1 ɞ "Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA. Abr 1993. G. Carballo. L- N 184200 _ 643300 / Costa Rica INBIOCRI000975444"; 1 Ƥ "Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limon, Costa Rica, Nov 1992 G. Carballo L- N / Costa Rica INBIOCRI000926686"; 1 Ƥ "Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limon, Costa Rica, Nov 1992 G. Carballo L- N / Costa Rica INBIOCRI000926680"; 1 ɞ "Cuatro esquinas, P.N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limon COSTA RICA. 0m. 26 Aug– 6 Set 1989. J. Solano 280000, 590500 / Costa Rica INBIOCRI000020620"; 1 ɞ "Albergue Heliconias, Bijagua (Costa Rica). 750m 30 – 1–2006. Luz casa (18: 45 – 22:00). Leg.: Micó, García, Galante. / CEUA 00003306"; 1 ɞ "Volcán Tenorio. Alajuela. Costa Rica. 1160m. 7 / 4 / 2008. Leg. J.A. Azofeifa / CEUA 00003320"; 1 ɞ "Estación Cabro Muco, Repr. ICE – Z.P. Miravalles, Guanacaste. Costa Rica. 1000m 12 /06/ 2010. L. Filippini, Moraga. / CEUA 00105076"; 1 Ƥ "Estación Cabro Muco, Repr. ICE – Z.P. Miravalles, Guanacaste. Costa Rica. 1000m 12 /06/ 2010. L. Filippini, Moraga. / CEUA 00105077"; 1 Ƥ "Dos de Tilarán (San Ramón), Prov. Guana. COSTA RICA. 1100m. MAY 1995. G. Rodriguez. L_N_ 262600 _ 437500 # 5891 / INBIOCRI002337626"; 1 Ƥ "Dos de Tilarán (San Ramón), Prov. Guana. COSTA RICA. 1100m. MAY 1995. G. Rodriguez. L_N_ 262600 _ 437500 # 5891 / INBIOCRI002337602". Description. Male. Body shape oval. Length 11.21 mm. Width 6.30 mm. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and pygidium dark brown; legs and underside from reddish brown to dark orange; elytra light brown with suture, humerus, and basal half of lateral margins dark brown. The dark stripe on suture broadens mid elytra, forming a small expansion. Surface all covered with fine, blonde setae. Clypeus trapezoidal, densely punctate-reticulate; ratio width/length 1.88. Anterior angles rounded. Frons densely punctate, flat; vertex with apparent boundary. Ocular canthum long, thin, and rounded at apex. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 3.20. Male antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.76. Pronotum trapezoidal, width 1.71 times length. Lateral margins forming an obtuse angle at 1 / 3 of pronotum length. Anterior angles right and sharp, posterior angles obtuse and sharp. Basal margin thin and complete, sinuate. Entire surface with deep punctures. Scutellum subpentagonal to subtriangular in shape, with rounded sides and acute apex. Ratio width/length 1.38. Sparsely punctate. Elytra with striae defined by dark punctures. Subsutural interstice with 2–3 rows of sparse punctures, 2 nd– 4 th interstices with one irregular secondary striae. Surface covered with shallow setigerous punctures. Lateral margin convex, larger at base, disappearing on apex. Marginal membrane almost complete. Pygidium finely granulate, with longer setae at hind margins. Triangular in shape. Slightly convex in lateral view. Ratio width/length 1.69. Metasternal disc slightly sulcated, densely punctate. Space between the mesocoxae narrow, slightly convex; width 0.22 mm. Mesometasternal suture well defined, at base of mesocoxae. Abdominal sternites completely covered with dense setae, arranged in about 7–10 irregular rows, with strigate surface. Male last sternite strigate-imbricate, with apical margin well defined and rounded. Protibia with 2 teeth (Fig 8); apical tooth long and curved; second tooth at the same level of internal apex of protibia, triangular in shape, obtuse. Metatibia stout, slightly narrower subapically. Ratio length/width 2.95. First carina well developed. Surface with elongate punctures above second carina and rugose below. Protarsal claws: external claw strongly curved; ratio length/height: 1.37; internal claw bifurcate, with upper branch slightly shorter and half the width of the lower one. Inferior margin sinuate. Aedeagus (Figs 17–19): parameres pointed and narrow. Endophallus (Fig. 30) wide, with 2 short sacculi. The wider, ventral one has a strip of thick spines, with defined margins that extend frontally from side to side in a horseshoe shape. The dorsal sacculus is covered with fine setation, slightly thicker than the microsetation that commonly covers the entire surface of endophallus. Median lobe sclerotized. Female. Similar to male. Scutellum with blunt apex. Internal protarsal claw narrower than in male, inferior margin straight. Protibia (Fig. 8) with apical tooth wider and longer than in male; second tooth above internal apex. Metatibia wider than in males. Last abdominal sternite with curved margin. Variation. Dark pigmentation of elytra margin can extend to the tip of elytra; the expansions of sutural dark stripe mid length of elytra can be inconspicuous or form a complete band across the elytra (as in specimens from P.N. Tortuguero, Est. Cabro Muco, Heliconias). Body length 10.86–11.21 mm, body width 6.04–6.30 mm. Clypeus w/l: 1.88–2.04. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 3.15–3.32. Pronotum w/l: 1.56–1.71. Scutellum w/l: 1.33–1.49. Pygidium w/l: 1.66–1.77. Width between mesocoxae: 0.19–0.22 mm. Metatibia w/l: 2.68–2.95. External claw l/h: 1.37–1.58. Diagnosis. Anomala flavacoma can be differentiated from similar species using the combination of the following characters: medium size (10–12 mm) elytra light brown, with a dark central spot to a complete medium transversal band; metatibia with oblong punctures above second carina, abdominal sternites with dense setae, endophallus with two short and swollen sacculi. Slightly smaller and more slender than A. eucoma and A. pseudoeucoma, it can be distinguished by the much lighter colour of elytra, pronotum, and underside; slender apex of parameres and endophallus that is shorter and wider. The specimens that develop a horizontal dark band on elytra may look similar to the lighter specimens of A. eucoma, but in A. flavacoma the band is much darker than in A. eucoma, and there is just one. Moreover, the puncture on the elytra is shallow and not coalescent in A. flavacoma, with clear differentiation between setigerous punctures and striae punctures, the latter being larger and dark coloured; whereas in A. eucoma both types of punctures are deep, and coalescent. A. megaparamera is much smaller and darker in colour, with a proportionally wider pygidium, wider parameres and proportionally longer and thinner endophallus. Distribution. Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica (Fig. 34). Etymology. From Latin "flava", blonde, and "coma", hair, for its pale colour and setation.Published as part of Filippini, Valentina, Micó, Estefania & Galante, Eduardo, 2013, Redescription of Anomala eucoma Bates, 1888 and a description of three new species from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), pp. 255-273 in Zootaxa 3670 (2) on pages 264-266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/22357
Anomala megaparamera Filippini, Mico
No full textAnomala megaparamera Filippini, Micó, & Galante, new species Fig. 4 Material examined. Holotype: ɞ "Est. Cuatro Esquinas, P. N. Tortuguero, 0 m, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA, R. Delgado, Oct 1990, L- N 280000 _ 590500 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000285104" (INBIO). Paratypes (6): 1 ɞ "Est. Cuatro Esquinas, 0m, P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA. E. Quesada, Jun 1990, L- N 280000 _ 590500 / CEUA 00105268"; 1 ɞ "Cerro Tortuguero, 0–120m P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA, R. Delgado, Feb 1992, L- N 285000 _ 588000 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000552532"; 1 ɞ "Est. Cuatro Esquinas, P. N. Tortuguero, 0m, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA, E. Quesada, Jul 1990, L- N 280000 _ 590500 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000670946"; 1 ɞ "Cuatro Esquinas, P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA. 0m. 26 Aug– 6 Set 1989, J. Solano, L N 280000 _ 590500 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000020633"; 1 Ƥ "Cuatro Esquinas, P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA. 0m, Set 1989. J. Solano, L N 280000 _ 590500 / COSTA RICA INBIOCRI000086333"; 1 Ƥ "Est. Cuatro Esquinas, P. N. Tortuguero, 0m, Prov. Limon, COSTA RICA, U. Chavarria, Jul 1990, L- N 280000 _ 590500 / CEUA 00105269". Description. Male. Body shape oval. Length 9.03 mm. Width 5.10 mm. Head, pronotum, and scutellum dark reddish brown. Pygidium, legs, and underside reddish brown; elytra light brown with two dark reddish brown horizontal bands, one median and one covering the bottom third. Surface covered with fine, blonde setae. Clypeus trapezoidal, densely and deeply punctate, with rather coarse punctures; ratio width/length 2.21. Anterior angles rounded. Frons deeply punctate, with a shallow central depression and apparent boundary with vertex. Ocular canthum long, thin, and rounded at apex. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 2.93. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.62. Pronotum trapezoidal, width 1.67 times length. Lateral margins form an obtuse and protruding angle at 1 / 3 of pronotum length, with width of pronotum at this level being slightly greater than at base. Anterior angles right and sharp, posterior angles obtuse and rounded. Basal margin thin and complete, sinuate. Whole surface with deep, large, and confluent punctures with sulcus not reaching hind margin. Surface with shallow wrinkles due to confluence of punctures. Scutellum subpentagonal in shape, with rounded sides and blunt apex. Ratio width/length 1.30. Coarsely punctate. Elytra with irregular striae. Subsutural interstice with 2 irregular rows of often confluent punctures, following interstices with irregular secondary striae; costae 2–6 not conspicuous. Setigerous punctures coincide with striae punctures, consequently the setae are not very dense. Lateral margin convex, larger at base, disappearing on apex. Marginal membrane almost complete. Pygidium finely granulate, with longer setae at hind margins. Triangular in shape. Slightly convex in lateral view. Metasternal disc slightly sulcated, covered with sparse setae on the entire surface. Space between the mesocoxae narrow, slightly convex; width 0.21 mm. Mesometasternal suture well defined, at base of mesocoxae. Abdominal sternites with 2–3 transverse rows of setae in the middle, and denser setae at sides. Punctures large and oval, sometimes fusing in diagonal streaks. Last sternite strigate-imbricate, with apical margin well defined and slightly sinuate. Protibia with 2 teeth (Fig. 9): apical tooth long and almost straight; second tooth at the same level of internal apex of protibia, triangular in shape, obtuse. Metatibia stout, narrower subapically. First carina well developed. Surface rugose. Protarsal claws: external claw strongly curved; internal claw bifurcate, with upper branch slightly shorter and half as wide as the lower one. Inferior margin sinuate. Aedeagus (Figs. 20–22) with very wide parameres, and proportionally shorter tectum. Endophallus (Fig. 31) composed of a long ventral sacculus covered with sclerotized setae and a median posterior inflation; on the opposite side, 2 frontal inflations and 2 dorsal diverticles; gonopore situated dorsally between one inflation and diverticles (ejaculatory duct partially everted in illustration). Female: similar to males, but the antennal club is shorter than in males. Pronotum usually wider than in males. Apical tooth of protibia (Fig. 9) wider and longer than in males; second tooth above internal apex. Upper branch of the internal protarsal claw half the width of the lower one, inferior margin straight. Metatibia stouter than in males. Last abdominal sternite with curved margin. Variation. Second tooth of protibia at the same level or slightly superior in relation to the internal apex of protibia. Body length 9.02–10.14 mm, body width 5.10–6.18 mm. Clypeus w/l: 1.92–2.21. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 2.93–3.52. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.62–0.73. Pronotum w/l: 1.63–1.68. Scutellum w/l: 1.30–1.59. Pygidium w/l: 2.10–2.20. Width between mesocoxae: 0.21–0.25 mm. Metatibia w/l: 2.96–3.07. External claw l/h: 1.43. Diagnosis. Anomala megaparamera is separated from similar species by the combination of the following characters: small size (8–10 mm); presence of depression in frons and irregular wrinkles on pronotum; pronotum wider at 1 / 3 of length than at base; metatibia surface rugose; parameres nearly as wide as tectum length, and similarly long; endophallus with additional inflations and diverticles. Similar to the Osa and Guanacaste populations of A. eucoma, much smaller than the other species described here, it can be distinguished by the larger and coarser punctation on head, elytra, and sternites; the presence of depressions in frons and pronotum; much wider and longer parameres, and more complex and setose endophallus. Distribution. Costa Rica, Parque Nacional Tortuguero (Fig. 35). Etymology. From Greek mega "big" and paramere, referring to the large proportions of parameres in relation to size of aedeagus.Published as part of Filippini, Valentina, Micó, Estefania & Galante, Eduardo, 2013, Redescription of Anomala eucoma Bates, 1888 and a description of three new species from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), pp. 255-273 in Zootaxa 3670 (2) on pages 266-268, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/22357
Anomala estrella Filippini, Galante
No full textAnomala estrella Filippini, Galante, & Micó, new species Fig. 2 Material examined. Holotype: ♂ "Est. La Casona, 1520m, Res. Biol. Monteverde, Prov. Puntarenas, Costa Rica, N. Obando, Mar 1992 L-N 253250,449700 / INBIOCRI000898153" deposited in INBIO. Paratypes (8): 1 ♀ "Estac. Maritza, 600 m. W side Volcan Orosi Guanac. Pr. COSTA RICA. 17 May 1988. Janzen & Hallwachs W 85 29 37 ", N 10 57 39 " / INBIOCRI002517167"; 1 ♂ "San Jose. Costa Rica Hda. Tiquires. 1500m Rio Tiquires 28 marzo 1988 Col.A.Solis / CEUA 00106164"; 2 ♀ "Est. La Casona, 1520m, Res. Biol. Monteverde, Prov. Puntarenas, Costa Rica, N. Obando, Mar 1992 L-N 253250,449700" / INBIOCRI000898149 and INBIOCRI000898152; 1 ♂ "Est. Las Pailas, 800 m, P.N. Rincon de la Vieja, Prov. Guan., COSTA RICA. 6 ene a 13 abr 1993, J. Sihezar, G. Rodriguez, L- N 306300 _ 388600 / INBIOCRI001331532"; 1 ♀ "Est. Las Pailas, 800 m, P.N. Rincon de la Vieja, Prov. Guan., COSTA RICA. 10 a 27 Mar 1993, K. Taylor, L- N 306300 _ 388600 / INBIOCRI001355780"; 1 ♂ "Est. Maritza, 600 m, lado O Vol. Orosi, Prov. Guan. COSTA RICA. R. Blanco, Abr 1990, L- N 326900 _ 373000 / INBIOCRI000238024"; 1 ♀ "Los Almendros, P. N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guanacaste, Costa Rica, 28 mar a 24 abr 1992, M. Reyes, L- N 334800 _ 369800 / CEUA 00105806". Holotype male description. Body shape elongate. Length 14.9 mm. Width 8.4 mm. Color. Head dark brown. Pronotum orange ochre with 1 large irregular dark brown macula on disc, not reaching basal margin, crossed by a lighter weak longitudinal line; small maculae on lateral foveae; surface with green luster. Scutellum light brown with lighter center. Elytra orange ochre. Pygidium ochre. Legs reddish brown; protibiae with darker margins, metafemura ochre, metatibiae and metatarsi dark brown with green luster. Venter, sternum reddish brown with darker margins, abdominal sternites ochre. Clypeus trapezoidal, surface densely punctate-reticulate, flat. Anterior margin straight, clypeus anteriorly thin. Clypeus ratio width/length 2.3. Frons densely punctate, flat. Ocular canthum long, thin, with rounded apex. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 2.9. Pronotum subtrapezoidal. Ratio width/length 1.7. Lateral margins angulated at 1 / 3 of pronotum length. Apical angles acute, sharp; basal angles obtuse, blunt. Basal margin sinuate, subapical bead complete. Surface densely punctate. Scutellum. Shape subtriangular, with rounded sides, apex acute. Ratio width/length 1.5. Surface densely punctate. Elytra with costae defined by regular rows of punctures. Subsutural interstice with 3–5 rows of punctures, 2 nd– 4 th interstices with 1–2 irregular rows of punctures. Surface covered with secondary punctures. Pygidium finely granulate with long setae at apical margin. Ratio width/length 1.4. Space between the mesocoxae narrow, flat. Mesometasternal suture well defined, at base of mesocoxae. Abdominal sternites with 1 row of sparse setae and 5–6 rows of punctures per sternite. Terminal sternite punctate, with subapical bead narrow and sinuate, apical membrane narrow. Protibia (Fig. 8) bidentate; apical tooth long and curved; basal tooth below internal apex of protibia, triangular in shape, acute. Metatibia stout, slightly narrower subapically. Ratio length/width 2.6. First external carina obliterated; surface densely punctate above second external carina, rugose below. Protarsal claws: internal claw bifurcate, with upper branch of same length and 2 / 3 the width of the lower branch; inferior margin sinuate. Aedeagus (Fig. 14): parameres with sinuate dorsal and ventral margins, apex acute in a lateral view. Endophallus (Fig. 20) with 1 long sacculus with wide apex, covered with setae medially and with a strip of long and short, thick spines at apex. Ejaculatory duct opening placed on a ventral inflation. Variation. Macula on pronotum with variable extension either fusing with maculae on foveae, forming a starshaped macula or reaching the posterior margin; elytra ochre to red. Female. Similar to male, protibia (Fig. 8) with longer and wider apical tooth; basal tooth above internal apex; internal protarsal claw with curved inferior margin. Body length 14.4–16.1 mm, body width 7.9–9.6 mm. Clypeus w/l: 2.2–2.3. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 2.5 –3.0. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.6–0.7. Scutellum w/l: 1.2–1.5. Pygidium w/l: 1.4–1.6. Metatibia l/w: 2.5–2.8. Diagnosis. Size large; macula on pronotum irregular, dark; elytra ochre; parameres with sinuate dorsal and ventral margins in lateral view; endophallus with a strip of long and short, thick spines at apex. Anomala jansoni Ohaus, 1897 is a similar species of similar size but with two small maculae on pronotum and parameres with long, narrow, curved apex (Fig. 29) (Monte Rotondo, Costa Rica; MNHUB). Anomala antica Ohaus, 1897, A. luciae Blanchard, 1851, and A. quiche Ohaus, 1897 are similar but smaller species, with one small and pentagonal macula on pronotum (A. antica), pronotum with sinuate lateral margins (A. quiche), maculae on elytra (A. luciae and A. quiche), and differences in the parameres: A. antica has a long thin apex (Fig. 30), A. luciae has lobes on anterior portion of inferior margins (Fig. 31), and A. quiche has wide rounded parameres, and the ventral plate curved at apex in a lateral view (Fig. 32). Etymology. Latinized from the Spanish noun estrella, star, for the star-shaped macula on pronotum. Treated here as a noun in apposition,. Distribution: Guanacaste and Tilarán mountain ranges, Costa Rica, from 280–1520 m (Fig. 34).Published as part of Filippini, Valentina, Galante, Eduardo & Micó, Estefanía, 2015, Description of six new species of Anomalini from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) in Zootaxa 3948 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/24400
Anomala aglaos Filippini, Galante
No full textAnomala aglaos Filippini, Galante, & Micó, new species Fig. 1 Material examined. Holotype: ♂ "La Montura, Prov. San José, Costa Rica 07/ 11 / 2007 Leg. M. Moraga / CEUA 00106184" deposited in INBIO. Paratypes (6): 1 ♂ " Isla Bonita, Prov. Alajuela, Costa Rica. 11 /06/ 2007 Leg. M. Moraga / CEUA 00106183"; 1 ♂ " COSTA RICA Prov. San José. P.N. Braulio Carrillo. Sitio La Montura. 1100m. 13 JUN 2007. A. García, M. Moraga, M.A. Zumbado. Tp. Luz 1. L_N_ 232500 _ 539125 # 92217 / CEUA 00106185"; 1 ♀ " COSTA RICA. Prov. Alajuela. Guatuso. P.N. Volcán Tenorio. Punto 1: Catarata Río Buenavista. 800m. 5 JUN 2008. J. A. Azofeifa. Tp de Luz 2. L_N_ 298380 _ 427850 # 93849 / CEUA 00106186"; 1 ♀ " COSTA RICA Prov. San José. P.N. Braulio Carrillo. Sitio La Montura. 1100m. 12 JUL 2007. A. García, M. Moraga. Tp. Luz 2. L_N_ 232500 _ 539125 # 92245 / CEUA 00106187"; 1 ♀ "La Montura Prov. San José Costa Rica 13 /06/ 2007 Det. D. Briceño" INBIOCRI; 1 ♀ " Isla Bonita, Prov. Alajuela, Costa Rica. 6 / 11 / 2007 Leg. A. García, M. Moraga / CEUA 00106189". Holotype male description. Body shape elongate. Length 17.5 mm. Width 9.7 mm. Color. Head, pronotum, and scutellum metallic green. Elytra metallic green with branched ochre lines along apical portion of costae and coppery luster. Pygidium bronze. Legs metallic green with coppery luster. Venter dark metallic green, abdominal sternites copper. Clypeus trapezoidal, surface densely punctate, convex. Clypeus anterior margin slightly sinuate, anteriorly thick. Clypeus ratio width/length 2.5. Frons moderately punctate, flat. Ocular canthum long, thin, with rounded apex. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 3.0. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.7. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, ratio width/length 1.9. Lateral margins sinuate. Anterior angles acute, sharp; posterior angles obtuse, blunt. Basal margin sinuate, subapical bead obliterated in the middle. Surface with fine punctures. Figures 7–12. Shape of protibia in 7: Anomala aglaos (male: holotype; female: paratype, Isla Bonita, Costa Rica). 8: A. estrella (male: holotype; female: paratype, Los Almendros, Costa Rica). 9: A. inbio (male: holotype; female: paratype, Reserva Biológica Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica). 10: A. pincelada (male: paratype, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Costa Rica; female: paratype, Tierras Morenas, Costa Rica). 11: Callistethus ruteloides (male: holotype; female: paratype, El Copal, Cartago). 12: Shape of protibia of Callistethus yalizo (male: paratype, Esperanza del Guarco, Cartago; female: paratype, Quebrada Segunda, Cartago). Scale = 1 mm. Scutellum. Shape subtriangular, with rounded sides and blunt apex. Ratio width/length 1.4. Elytra with costae defined by irregular rows of sparse punctures. Interstices with sparse, shallow punctures; surface slightly irregular. Pygidium sparsely punctate with long setae at apical margin. Ratio width/length 1.5. Space between the mesocoxae narrow, flat. Mesometasternal suture well defined, at base of mesocoxae. Abdominal sternites with 1–2 rows of setae (2–3 rows on 2 nd sternite) and 6–8 rows of punctures per sternite. Last sternite punctate, with subapical bead thin and sinuate, apical membrane narrow. Protibia (Fig. 7) bidentate; apical tooth long and curved; basal tooth at same level as internal apex of protibia, triangular in shape, acute. Metatibia slender, fusiform. Ratio length/width 3.2. First external carina obliterated. Surface punctate above second external carina and rugose below. Protarsal claws: internal claw bifurcate, with upper branch of same length and 2 / 3 the width of the lower one, inferior margin sinuate. Aedeagus (Fig. 13): parameres large and stout in a lateral view, but narrow dorsally. Ventral plate with curved apex in a lateral view. Endophallus (Fig. 19) with 2 long sacculi; 1 ending with a pair of thick, long, sclerotized projections with a long diverticle in between, and with a patch of sclerotized spines medially; the other sacculi with swollen base, where ejaculatory sclerite and duct opening are located, and a ridged plate of thick spines at apex. Median lobes asymmetric, 1 with a triangular fold near apex. Variation. Ochre lines on elytra of variable length; elytra with green or copper luster. Female. Similar to male, protibia (Fig. 7) with longer and wider apical tooth; basal tooth above internal apex; internal protarsal claw narrower with curved inferior margin; last sternite with curved apex. Body length 17.5–18.8 mm, body width 9.7–10.2 mm. Clypeus w/l: 2.3–2.7. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 3.0– 3.4. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.7–0.9. Pronotum w/l: 1.8–1.9. Scutellum w/l: 1.4– 1.6. Pygidium w/l: 1.5–1.6. Metatibia l/w: 2.9–3.5. Diagnosis. Size large, shape elongate, metallic green color with branched ochre lines on apical portion of elytra, elytral surface irregular, parameres large and stout, endophallus with a pair of long, sclerotized projections. This species is similar to A. obovata Ohaus, 1933, with the slightly bigger size, oblong shape, and dark green color; but A. obovata lacks the ochre lines on elytra, its elytral surface is strongly irregular with large and deep coalescing punctures, and it has slender parameres (Fig. 27), endophallus with a sacculus with a large patch of dense setae on basal portion, instead of sclerotized projections (Fig. 28). Etymology. From the Greek adjective aglaós, splendid, beautiful, treated as a noun in apposition, for the nice and elegant aspect of this species. Distribution. Guanacaste and Central mountain ranges, Costa Rica, from 800–1100 m (Fig. 34).Published as part of Filippini, Valentina, Galante, Eduardo & Micó, Estefanía, 2015, Description of six new species of Anomalini from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) in Zootaxa 3948 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/24400
Anomala pincelada Filippini, Galante
No full text<i>Anomala pincelada</i> Filippini, Galante, & Micó, new species <p>Fig. 4</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: ♂"Fca. Jenny, 30 km N de Liberia, P.N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guan., COSTA RICA. 18-25 Abr 1993, E. Araya, L- N 316200_364400 / INBIOCRI001167801" deposited in INBIO.</p> <p>Paratypes (9): 1♂ "3 Km este de Cuajiniquil, 300m, Prov. Guanacaste, Costa Rica, 25 jun 1992, III curso Parataxon. L-N 325600_355200 / INBIOCRI000863924"; 1♂ "Santa Rosa National Park Guanacaste Prov. COSTA RICA. 9-11 May 1980 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs / INBIOCRI001116980"; 1♂, 1♀ "Fca. Jenny, 30 km N de Liberia, P.N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guan., COSTA RICA. 9-14 May 1993. E. Araya, L-N 316200_364400" INBIOCRI001183402 and INBIOCRI001183321; 1♀ "Tierras Morenas, Rio San Lorenzo, Tenorio, Prov. Guana, COSTA RICA, 1050m. May 1993. G. Rodriguez, L S 283950_424500 # 2118 / INBIOCRI001180936"; 1♂ "Sector Las Pailas, P. N. Guanacaste, A. C. Guanacaste, Prov. Guana, COSTA RICA. 800 m. 6-26 Jun 1994, K. Taylor, L N 309500_389500 # 3063 / INBIOCRI001909257"; 2♀ "Finca Jenny, 30 km N de Liberia, P.N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guan., COSTA RICA. 18-25 Abr 1993, E. Araya, L- N 316200_364400" INBIOCRI001167798 and CEUA 00106161; 1♂ "Est. Murcielago, 8 km S. O. de Cuajiniquil, Prov. Guana, COSTA RICA. 100m. 16 Jun- 4 Jul 1993. F. Quesada, L N 320300_347200 # 2177 / CEUA 00106160".</p> <p> <b>Holotype male description.</b> Body shape elongate. Length 13.2 mm. Width 7.9 mm.</p> <p>Color. Head reddish brown. Pronotum ochre with an irregular median brown macula and small maculae on lateral foveae. Scutellum dark brown. Elytra ochre with a dark brown macula at each side of scutellum and dark stripes on apical third of first interstice, from basal to apical calli and near lateral margins. Pygidium ochre. Legs ochre with base and apex of tibiae dark brown; protarsi and mesotarsi reddish brown, metatarsi dark brown. Venter ochre.</p> <p>Clypeus trapezoidal, with anterior angles widely curved; surface densely punctate-reticulate, flat. Anterior margin straight, clypeus anteriorly thin. Clypeus ratio width/length 2.1. Frons densely punctate, flat. Ocular canthum long, thin, with acute apex. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 2.6. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.8.</p> <p>Pronotum subtrapezoidal, ratio width/length 1.7, lateral margins regularly convex. Anterior angles quadrate and blunt. Posterior angles obtuse and blunt. Basal margin sinuate, subapical bead complete. Surface with fine, dense punctures.</p> <p>Scutellum. Shape subtriangular, with rounded sides and blunt apex. Ratio width/length 1.4. Surface densely punctate.</p> <p>Elytra with costae defined by regular rows of punctures, subsutural interstices with 2–3 rows of punctures; maximum width towards apex.</p> <p>Pygidium with coalescing punctures and long setae at apical margin. Ratio width/length 1.6.</p> <p>Space between the mesocoxae narrow, flat. Mesometasternal suture well defined, at base of mesocoxae. Abdominal sternites with 1 row of setae and 2–3 rows of sparse, fine punctures per sternite. Terminal sternite punctate with subapical bead narrow and sinuate, apical membrane wide.</p> <p>Protibia (Fig. 10) tridentate; apical tooth long and curved; middle tooth below internal apex of protibia, triangular in shape, acute. Metatibia stout, fusiform, ratio length/width 3.0. First external carina consists of a row of sparse setae, surface punctate above second external carina and rugose below. Protarsal claws: internal claw bifurcate, with upper branch of same length and half the width of the lower branch. Inferior margin with a sharp angle near base.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Fig. 16): parameres deeply and widely sinuate anteriorly in a lateral view, becoming nearly bifurcate. Endophallus (Fig. 22) with 1 long lateral sacculus tapering at apex; ejaculatory duct opening on the other side, at base; 1 small diverticle with long spines ventrally at base.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Macula on pronotal disc of different size, from a subpentagonal macula not reaching posterior margin to covering most of the surface with ochre sides; a median narrow, faint, lighter band may be present; maculae on elytra of variable length; metatibia from ochre to red with darker apex. Female similar to male, protibia (Fig. 10) with longer and wider apical tooth; internal protarsal claw with curved inferior margin.</p> <p>Body length 13.2–16.1 mm, body width 7.9–9.2 mm. Clypeus w/l: 2.0–2.3. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 2.5–2.9. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.7–0.8. Pronotum w/l: 1.7–1.8. Scutellum w/l: 1.4– 1.6. Pygidium w/l: 1.5–1.6. Metatibia l/w: 2.5–3.0.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Externally nearly identical to <i>A. inconstans</i> Burmeister, 1844 (Colombia, MLUH), it is separated from this species by the shape of male genitalia, which has bifurcated apex of parameres, whereas <i>A. inconstans</i> has parameres with thin and curved apex, blunt and wide ventral angle, and a frontal lobe-like expansion on anterior part of ventral margin (Fig. 33). Specimens from Mexico, Paraguay, Guatemala, and Venezuela from MNHUB collection, also similar to <i>A. inconstans,</i> all show different aedeagi, so these species are part of a large and widely distributed species complex.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Latinized from Spanish noun <i>pincelada</i>, brush stroke, for the elytral pattern. This name should be treated as a noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Guanacaste mountain range, from 200–600 m (Fig. 35).</p>Published as part of <i>Filippini, Valentina, Galante, Eduardo & Micó, Estefanía, 2015, Description of six new species of Anomalini from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) in Zootaxa 3948 (1)</i>, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/244003">http://zenodo.org/record/244003</a>
Callistethus yalizo Filippini, Galante
No full text<i>Callistethus yalizo</i> Filippini, Galante, & Micó, new species <p>Fig. 6</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: ♂ "P.N. Tapanti, La Represa, A. C. Amistad, Prov. Carta, COSTA RICA. 1650 m. 23 Mar 1994, G. Mora, A. Solis, E. Ulate, L N 185900_563360 # 2783 / INBIOCRI001964129" deposited in INBIO. Paratypes (8): 1♂ "R. Grande de Orosi, desde Puente R. Dos Amigos hasta la Represa, Prov. Carta, COSTA RICA. 1400-1800m. MAR 1995. R. Delgado. L_N_186600_562000 #4418 / INBIOCRI002253282"; 1♂ " Costa Rica, Cartago Prov., Tapanti N. Pk. Dam area, vi-4-1997 RW Hamilton / RWHC " INBIO; 1♂ "Cerro Chompipe, Res. Biol. Chompipe, Prov. Here, COSTA RICA, J. F. Corrales, 7 Abr 1991, L- N 230000_528000 / INBIOCRI000183743"; 1♀ "Quebrada Segunda, P. N. Tapanti, 1250M, Prov. Cartago, Costa Rica, Mar 1992, R. Vargas, L-N 194000,560000 / INBIOCRI000894947"; 1♂ "Esperanza del Guarco, Cartago, Costa Rica. 2300 m 5/ 6/2008 Leg. A. García, M.Zumbado / CEUA 00106167"; 1♀ " COSTA RICA. Prov. Cartago. P.N. Tapanti. La Esperanza del Guarco. 2334m. 5 MAY 2008. A. García, M.A. Zumbado. Tp. Luz 2. L_N_188418_552219 #93739 / CEUA 00106168"; 1♂ "V. Platanar P.N. Juan Castro Blanco (Costa Rica) 1800 m 29-1-2006. T. luz (18:30-21:00). Leg.: Micó, García, Galante / CEUA 00003201"; 1♂ " MUSEO DE INSECTOS UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA. COSTA RICA, PROV. Cartago. Río Macho, Orosí. 4 may. 1973. E. Monge." MUCR.</p> <p> <b>Holotype male description.</b> Body shape oval. Length 15.1 mm; width 8.6 mm.</p> <p>Color. Head, pronotum, and scutellum metallic green. Margins of pronotum yellow, with green/bronze luster. Elytra and pygidium metallic green with brown luster. Metasternum metallic green, legs (including coxae) and lateral sternites yellow, with green base and apex; protibiae and tarsi metallic green, claws red. Abdominal sternites reddish brown with green/bronze luster. Antennae red with club dark brown.</p> <p>Clypeus nearly rectangular, ratio width/length 2.3; surface granulate; anterior margin slightly sinuate. Frons with dense, coarse punctures; rest of head with sparse, fine punctures. Ocular canthus long, tapering towards apex; apex acute. Eyes small, interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye) 3.0. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.6.</p> <p>Pronotum width 1.8 times length; in dorsal view broadest at base. Lateral margins rounded. Anterior angles quadrate, with rounded vertex; posterior angles obtuse, with rounded vertex. Basal margin without subapical sulcus, sinuate. Entire surface with small, shallow, sparse punctures.</p> <p>Scutellum. Shape subpentagonal, with a median sulcus and sparse, deep punctures on the entire surface; ratio width/length 1.5.</p> <p>Elytra. Surface with costae defined by rows of shallows punctures. Interstices with 3–4 (1st interstice) or 1–2 (2nd–5th interstices) rows of sparse shallow punctures.</p> <p>Pygidium granulate with a shallow median sulcus, setae short on disc and longer on margins. Ratio width/ length 1.6.</p> <p>Mesosternal process short, not going beyond anterior margin of mesocoxae, uniformly wide (half as wide as metafemura) with rounded apex; width at base: 0.6 mm (Fig. 26). Mesometasternal suture well defined. Abdominal sternites with sparse, shallow punctures; laterally forming 6–7 rows of punctures. Short, blonde setae arranged in 1 row per sternite, denser on sides (in 2–3 rows). Terminal sternite with sparse, shallow punctures; apical margin height 2/3 of basal portion, surface smooth; apical membrane narrow. Abdominal spiracle 6th convex.</p> <p>Legs. Protibia bidentate (Fig. 12); apical tooth long, oblique in relation to the vertical axis of protibia, nearly straight. Basal tooth obtuse, blunt, positioned at same level with internal apex of protibia. Metatibia very thin, slightly narrower subapically. Ratio length/width 5.1. Both external carinae well defined. Surface punctate. Protarsal claws: external claw curved; internal claw bifurcate, with branches strongly diverging; upper branch of equal length and 2/3 the width of the lower branch, inferior margin sinuate.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Fig. 18). Parameres nearly bilobed in a lateral view, ventral plate partially fused with parameres. Endophallus (Fig. 24): with 1 long, sinuate sacculus, with a row of small, globoid diverticles in basal half, partially covered with setae; ejaculatory duct opening ventrally at base, laterally with a small diverticle covered in long setae.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Elytra from red with green luster to metallic green. Abdominal sternites from ochre to dark brown with green or bronze luster. Female similar to male. Antennal club slightly shorter than in male. Eyes smaller than in male. Protibia (Fig. 12): apical tooth longer and wider, basal tooth above the internal apex. Protarsal claw: internal claw narrower than in male, bifurcation narrower, inferior margin curved. Margin of terminal sternite narrower than in male.</p> <p>Body length 15.1–16.2 mm; width 8.6–9.5 mm. Clypeus w/l: 2.2–2.3. Interocular ratio: 3.0–3.1 (male), 3.5–4.2 (female). Antenna: ratio funiculus/club: 0.6–0.8. Pronotum w/l: 1.8–1.9. Scutellum w/l: 1.3–1.5. Pygidium w/l: 1.5–1.7. Width of mesosternal process at base: 0.4–0. 6 mm. Metatibia w/l: 4.6–5.4.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Metallic green color; elytra with shallow punctures that give an irregular appearance; mesosternal process short; parameres nearly bilobed in a lateral view, ventral plate partially fused with parameres.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Latinized from the Greek verb <i>yalízo</i>, to be green like glass, treated as a noun in apposition, for the green shiny color of this species.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Central and Talamanca mountain ranges, Costa Rica, from 200–2300 m (Fig. 37).</p>Published as part of <i>Filippini, Valentina, Galante, Eduardo & Micó, Estefanía, 2015, Description of six new species of Anomalini from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) in Zootaxa 3948 (1)</i>, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/244003">http://zenodo.org/record/244003</a>
Callistethus ruteloides Filippini, Galante
No full text<i>Callistethus ruteloides</i> Filippini, Galante, & Micó, new species <p>Fig. 5</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: ♂ "Quebrada Segunda, P. N. Tapanti, 1250 m, Prov. Cartago, Costa Rica, G. Mora, May 1992 L-N 194000_560000 / INBIOCRI000959028" deposited in INBIO.</p> <p>Paratypes (6): 1♂ "Est. Biol. Las Alturas, 1500 m, Coto Brus, Prov. Puntarenas, Costa Rica. M. Ramirez. Mar 1992 L-S 322500, 591300 / INBIOCRI000987456"; 1♀ "Tapantí (Costa Rica) 1300 m 29-9-06 T. luz 17:00-23:00 Leg.: Micó, García, Galante / CEUA 00019649"; 1♀ "El Copal, Prov. Cartago, Costa Rica. 17/06/2007 Leg. M. Moraga / CEUA 00106211"; 1♀ " COSTA RICA. Prov. Alajuela. Upala. P.N. Volcán Tenorio. Alb. Heliconias. Send. a Laguna Danta. 900 m. 16 JUN 2007. J. D. Gutiérrez. Tp. Luz 2. L_N_299100_424000 #92208 / CEUA 00106212"; 1♀ "Q. Segunda, P.N. Tapantí, Prov. Carta, COSTA RICA. 1300 m. Set 1993. G. Mora, L N 194000_559800 #2326 / INBIOCRI001669692"; 1♀ " PANAMA - CHIRIQUI Santa Clara env. 1546 m 08°51'42,2"N; 082°44'36,5" W 17.6.- 4.7.06; V. Malý lgt. P 7 / coll. Vladislv Malý Česká Rep. Praha" Vladislv Malý (Česká, Czech Republic), personal collection.</p> <p> <b>Holotype male description.</b> Body shape oval. Length 17.5 mm. Width 9.8 mm.</p> <p>Color. Head pale ochre with a sinuate brown macula on frons. Pronotum pale ochre with 2 lateral brown bands. Scutellum pale ochre with red margins. Elytra pale ochre with 2 transversal sinuate beige bands, 1 median and 1 apical. Pygidium and legs ochre. Venter orange-ochre.</p> <p>Head large, almost 2/3 of the width of pronotum. Clypeus rectangular, with anterior angles widely curved. Clypeus ratio width/length 2.1; surface densely punctate-reticulate, convex; anterior margin straight, nearly as long as frons. Frons moderately punctate, flat. Ocular canthum long, thin, with rounded apex. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 3.0. Antenna: ratio funiculus/club 0.6. Mandibles with apex curved ventrally, maxillae with 2nd and 3rd tooth fused together. Labium and labrum quadrilobulate.</p> <p>Pronotum trapezoidal. Width 1.9 times length. Lateral margins curved. Anterior angles quadrate with blunt vertex; basal angles obtuse, blunt. Basal margin narrow, sinuate, and obliterated in the middle. Surface with fine and dense punctures.</p> <p>Scutellum. Shape subtriangular, surface sparsely punctate; ratio width/length 1.6.</p> <p>Elytra with striae defined by regular rows of punctures. Marginal membrane very narrow.</p> <p>Pygidium strigate. In lateral view slightly convex. Triangular in shape; with short setae on disc, long setae at apical margin.</p> <p>Mesosternal process long, with tapering apex in ventral view; width at base: 1.0 mm (Fig. 25). Mesometasternal suture at about half the length of the process.</p> <p>Abdominal sternites with 1–3 rows of setae, denser at sides, and 4–6 rows of punctures per sternite. Terminal sternite strigate, with apical margin thick and sinuate; apical membrane wide.</p> <p>Legs. Protibia bidentate (Fig. 11); apical tooth long and straight; basal tooth below internal apex of protibia triangular in shape, obtuse. Metatibia slender, slightly narrower subapically. Ratio length/width 4.1. First external carina well developed. Surface rugose. Protarsomere 1 equal in length to protarsomeres 2–4, tarsomeres stout. Protarsal claws: external claw curved, internal claw bifurcate, upper branch equal in length and 2/3 the width of the lower branch, inferior margin sinuate.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Fig. 17): parameres with a narrow and acute apex in a lateral view, pointing downwards, flattened dorsoventrally; apical portion of ventral plate membranous. Endophallus (Fig. 23) short, with patches of short and long setae in different positions. Ejaculatory duct opening frontal.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Background color from pale ochre to orange; transversal bands on elytra more or less evident. Female similar to male, antennal club shorter than in male; protibia with longer and wider apical tooth (Fig. 11); internal protarsal claw narrower with curved inferior margin; terminal sternite with slightly sinuate apex.</p> <p>Body length 17.5–20.1 mm, body width 9.8–11.4 mm. Clypeus w/l: 1.9–2.1. Interocular ratio (interocular width/width of eye): 3.2–4.2. Pronotum w/l: 1.8–1.9. Scutellum w/l: 1.5–1.6. Pygidium w/l: 1.5–1.6. Metatibia w/l: 3.8–4.1. Width of mesosternal process at base: 1.0– 1.2 mm.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Size large, color pale ochre with darker bands on pronotum and elytra, clypeus long, head large, pronotum short, mesosternal process long, parameres flattened dorsoventrally.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Latinized from the name of genus <i>Rutela</i> and suffix -oides, for its general resemblance with species of the tribe Rutelini.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Guanacaste and Talamanca mountain ranges, Costa Rica and northern Panama from 900–1600 m, (Fig. 36).</p> <p> <b>Note</b>. This species is tentatively placed in the genus <i>Callistethus</i>, as it has some distinct features not found in other <i>Callistethus</i> species. It could be placed in a separate genus, but the lack of known similar species would make a proper description and diagnosis of the new genus difficult. Singular characters are: long clypeus (nearly as long as frons); head large (2/3 of pronotum width); mandibles with apex curved ventrally; maxillae with second and third tooth fused together; labrum and labium quadrilobulated; pronotum short; tarsomeres short and stout; mesometasternal suture high, nearly at half the length of the mesosternal process; aedeagus with parameres flattened dorsoventrally.</p>Published as part of <i>Filippini, Valentina, Galante, Eduardo & Micó, Estefanía, 2015, Description of six new species of Anomalini from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) in Zootaxa 3948 (1)</i>, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3948.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/244003">http://zenodo.org/record/244003</a>
Economies of Scale in the Swiss Hydropower Sector
No full textThe paper considers the estimation of a translog cost function employing panel data for a sample of 43 Swiss hydropower companies, over the period of 1995-2002. The results of this analysis indicate the existence of economies of scale and density for most output levels. The basic novelty in this paper is the estimation of a cost function for a sample of hydropower companies. In the economic literature no study on the cost structure of the hydropower plants using an econometric approach has been published so far.econometric estimation of costs, economies of scale and density.
Un'altra verità: Rinaldo da Concorezzo e i Templari
No full textLo studio analizza il processo tenutosi in Italia contro i Templari arrestati per ordine dell'inquisizione. Rinaldo da Concorezzo presiedette le sedute relative alle deposizioni testimoniali. Nella seconda sessione di Ravenna del giugno 1311 egli giunse ad una decisione importante in difesa dei Templari italiani, poiché l'assemblea dei partecipanti riconobbe l'innocenza per chi confessava sotto tortura, togliendo così legittimità all'uso della coercizione fisica
Product innovation and vertical integration: private and social incentives
No full textWe study the licensing incentives of an independent input producer owning a patented product innovation which allows the downstream firms to improve the quality of their final goods. We consider a general two-part
tariff contract for both outside and incumbent innovators. We find that technology diffusion critically depends on the nature of market competition (Cournot vs. Bertrand). Moreover, the vertical merger with either downstream firm is always privately profitable and it is welfare improving for large innovations: this implies that not all protable mergers should be rejected. We contribute to the literature on optimal licensing of product innovations as well as to the literature on the competitive effects of
vertical integration
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