1,720,958 research outputs found
Enhancement and modification of etoposide release from crospovidone particles loaded with oil-surfactant blends
No full textA novel solid formulation for oral delivery of pH-sensitive, scarce& water-soluble etoposide has been
designed, characterized, and tested in vitro. The pulpose of this study was to assess the perfomance
of the new dosage forms, in comparison to marketed, liquid-filled capsules. The solid formulation
was developed by grinding the drug with a cross-linked polymeric carrier (crospovidone) under
controlled prqcess conditions (mechano-physical drug activation), and subsequently incorporating
selected oil/surfactant (oh) blends into the polymer particles. Physicochemical characterization (thermal
analysis, drug dissolution kinetics, drug o/w partition studies) provided information on drugpolymer
interaction at the solid state, and on the formulation peqormance in vitro, resulting in the
enhancement and modification of the etoposide solubilization process. DSC thermograms showed
the amorphous or nanocrystalline state of etoposide within the carrier, as indicated by the shifting
of DSC peaks (AT > -1O'C). Solubility kinetics of etoposide in oversaturation conditions were
strongly affected by the chemical nature of the vehicle used: short-chain triglycerides afforded drug
concentrations well above 600 pg ml-I for more than 3 hr, versus a drug equilibrium solubility of
approximately 150 pg ml-'. Drug dissolution curves under sink conditions were superimposable to
those of liquid-jilled capsules available on the market (Vepesid@5 0, Bristol-Myers Squibb), yielding
100% drug release in 10 min. The oil phase/water partition coeficient of etoposide (P) was af
fected by the surfactant concentration. The biphasic trend observed in P values suggested a dual
mechanism in drug release from polymeric particles: the presence of oily vehicles and suqactants
in the formulation could create, upon release, a favorable environment to sustain etoposide dissolution, .slowing down drug reprecipitation. Such solid formulation could be considered equivalent, in vitro, to the current marketed produc
Caratterizzazione funzionale di polveri di disgreganti: influenza del tipo di prodotto e della variabilità tra i lotti
No full textThe influence of product brand and batch-to-batch variability on super-disintegrant performance
No full textInfluence of product brand and batch-to-batch variability on super-disintegrant performance
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
