1,720,966 research outputs found
Recognition of human faces: from biological to artificial vision
No full textRecognition of human faces: from biological to artificial visio
Face-pair scrutiny-subject-type classification
No full textForensic, security, and health-care processes defer to human observers when identifying visual
differences beyond a certain degree of subtlety. For identikit, or passport-like, controls this typically
involves extensive scrutiny of face-pair images. We tested forty-nine naive subjects to examine
how they would mark differences seen between face pairs. In each trial, one pair of face images
was displayed, side-by-side, for 20 s while the subjects marked where they saw differences by
clicking the mouse within the right-hand image. The face pairs were specially selected from the
BANCA image archive to best represent a wide variety of degrees of difference. Here, we report
only trials involving two face pairs: a very difficult, and a very easy to distinguish face pair.
From the result we are, nevertheless, able to classify participants into distinct sets of subject types
by a parametric analysis of the temporal and spatial characteristics of each individual's click-trail.
A graphical presentation of the analysis and classification is available. Although provisional, this
classification might prove useful for assessing candidate scrutinisers for real-world tasks
Detecting and preventing type flaws: a control flow analysis with tags
No full textA type flaw attack on a security protocol is an attack where an honest principal is cheated on interpreting a field in a message as the one with a type other than the intended one. In this paper, we shall present an extension of the LySa calculus with tags attached to each field, indicating the intended types. We developed a control flow analysis for analysing the extended LySa, which over-approximates all the possible behaviour of a protocol and hence is able to capture any type confusion that may happen during the protocol execution. The control flow analysis has been applied to a number of security protocols, either subject to type flaw attacks or not. The results show that it is able to capture type flaw attacks on those security protocols
On the quantitative estimation of short-term aging in human faces
No full textFacial aging has been only partially studied in the past and mostly in a
qualitative way. This paper presents a novel approach to the estimation of facial
aging aimed to the quantitative evaluation of the changes in facial appearance
over time. In particular, the changes both in face shape and texture, due to
short-time aging, are considered. The developed framework exploits the concept
of “distinctiveness” of facial features and the temporal evolution of such measure.
The analysis is performed both at a global and local level to define the features
which are more stable over time.
Several experiments are performed on publicly available databases with image
sequences densely sampled over a time span of several years. The reported results
clearly show the potential of the methodology to a number of applications in
biometric identification from human faces
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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