1,721,132 research outputs found
Mechanical Ventilation to Minimize Progression of Lung Injury in Acute Respiratory Failure
Full text linkMechanical Ventilation (MV) is used to sustain life in patients with acute respiratory failure. A major concern in mechanically ventilated patients is the risk of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI), which is partially prevented by lung protective ventilation. Spontaneously breathing, non-intubated, patients with acute respiratory failure may have a high respiratory drive and breathe with large tidal volumes and potentially injurious transpulmonary pressure swings. In patients with existing lung injury, regional forces generated by the respiratory muscles may lead to injurious effects on a regional level. In addition, the increase in transmural pulmonary vascular pressure swings caused by inspiratory effort may worsen vascular leakage. Recent data suggest that these patients may develop lung injury that is similar to the VILI observed in mechanically ventilated patients. As such, we argue that application of a lung protective ventilation, today best applied with sedation and endotracheal intubation, might be considered a prophylactic therapy, rather than just a supportive therapy, to minimize the progression of lung injury from a form of patient-self inflicted lung injury (P-SILI). This has important implications for the management of these patients
Syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë: analyse morphologique et effets du traitement
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Recent advances in interfaces for non-invasive ventilation : from bench studies to practical issues
No full textThe interface is the defining element of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Nowadays different types of interfaces, which differ in terms of shape, mechanical properties and comfort, are available, and their choice and fitting is a key element of NIV success. In the last decade, larger masks covering the entire face and specifically designed helmets have been developed for delivering NIV, theoretically improving comfort and patient tolerance. Recent studies have shown that, despite marked heterogeneity in mask internal volume and compliance, the dynamic dead space and, above all, the clinical efficacy of different masks is on average very similar. Thus, with the exception of the nasal mask and the mouthpiece, a variety of interfaces for NIV can be used in the acute care setting. However, prevention and monitoring of interfaces related side-effects and evaluation of patient tolerance are crucial to avoid NIV failure. To optimize effectiveness and costs, an interface strategy for NIV in acute respiratory failure could be convenient in clinical practice
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The concept of "baby lung"
No full textBackground: The baby lung concept originated as an offspring of computed tomography examinations which showed in most patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome that the normally aerated tissue has the dimensions of the lung of a 5-to 6-year-old child (300-500 g aerated tissue). Discussion: The respiratory system compliance is linearly related to the "baby lung" dimensions, suggesting that the acute respiratory distress syndrome lung is not stiff but instead small, with nearly normal intrinsic elasticity. Initially we taught that the "baby lung" is a distinct anatomical structure, in the nondependent lung regions. However, the density redistribution in prone position shows that the "baby lung" is a functional and not an anatomical concept. This provides a rational for "gentle lung treatment" and a background to explain concepts such as baro-and volutrauma. Conclusions: From a physiological perspective the "baby lung" helps to understand ventilator-induced lung injury. In this context, what appears dangerous is not the VT/kg ratio but instead the VT/"baby lung" ratio. The practical message is straightforward: the smaller the "baby lung", the greater is the potential for unsafe mechanical ventilation
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