1,721,043 research outputs found
A reliable rainfall-runoff model for flood forecasting : review and application to a semiurbanized watershed at high flood risk in Italy
No full textMany rainfall–runoff (RR) models are available in the scientific literature. Selecting the best structure and parameterization for a model is not straightforward and depends on a broad number of factors, including climatic conditions, catchment characteristics, temporal/spatial resolution and model objectives. In this study, the RR model ‘Modello Idrologico Semi-Distribuito in continuo’ (MISDc), mainly developed for flood simulation in Mediterranean basins, was tested on the Seveso basin, which is stressed several times a year by flooding events mainly caused by excessive urbanization. The work summarizes a compendium of the MISDc applications over a wide range of catchments in European countries and then it analyses the performances over the Seveso basin. The results show a good fit behaviour during both the calibration and the validation periods with a Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient index larger than 0.9. Moreover, the median volume and peak discharge errors calculated on several flood events were less than 25%. In conclusion, we can be assured that the reliability and computational speed could make the MISDc model suitable for flood estimation in many catchments of different geographical contexts and land use characteristics. Moreover, MISDc will also be useful for future support of real-time decision-making for flood risk management in the Seveso basin
Developing and testing a long-term soil moisture dataset at the catchment scale
No full textInferring long-term soil moisture time series with dense temporal resolution and representative of large areas is a challenging task. However, its accurate estimation over large areas might be essential for improving our knowledge of the mass and energy balance between the land surface and atmosphere,and also for many others practical applications. In this study,a long-term (1989–2011)simulated soil moisture dataset is developed by using 1-year in situ observations collected at 92 sites over an area of ~400 km2 in central Italy. Specifically, a soil water balance model is calibrated for reproducing the soil moisture temporal variability at each site and,then,is tested for representing also the spatial variability of in situ measurements. The good temporal and spatial agreement between modelled and observed data gives confidence about the use of the modelled data in the study area for reconstructing a long-term soil moisture dataset with hourly temporal resolution (in accordance with the availability of hydrometeorological observations). The developed soil water balance model and procedure can be applied also in other climatic regions to obtain a similar dataset. Indeed,the obtained dataset and the model code are made freely available from the authors and can be used for hydrological and satellite soil moisture products validation studies
Soil moisture temporal stability at different depths on two alpine hillslopes during wet and dry periods
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
COMBINING REGIONAL REGRESSION APPROACHES WITH GEOSTATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTING FLOOD QUANTILES IN UNGAUGED BASINS
No full textThe study explores the application of two different spatial interpolation techniques, Generalized Least Squares (GLS) and Top-kriging, aiming to enhance the prediction performances by blending these two powerful methods. GLS is one of the most common approaches used in United States (US) for predicting flood quantiles in ungauged basins, Top-kriging predicts streamflow statistics along river networks (e.g. flood quantiles) taking both the catchment area and nested nature of catchments into account. We first applied GLS in cross-validation, through a comprehensive leave-one-out procedure, to predict flood quantiles over a wide region in the southeast of US by simulating the ungauged conditions at each and every site, then we used Top-kriging to model GLS residuals. The results reveal that combining GLS with Top-kriging increases the prediction capability of GLS. Blending the techniques increases the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency from 0.67-0.76 to 0.75-0.91, depending on the frequency of the quantile; moreover blending GLS with Top-kriging reduces the prediction errors in the majority of the study catchments relative to using GLS alone
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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