61 research outputs found
Petit atlas d'anatomie endodontique à partir de coupes de dents sèches
No full textLa connaissance de l anatomie canalaire joue un rôle primordial dans la réussite de la thérapeutique endodontique. L incapacité à détecter tous les canaux peut mener à l échec du traitement. Les variations de la morphologie canalaire, spécialement dans le cas de dents pluriradiculées, constituent un challenge constant pour le diagnostic et le succès de la thérapeutique. Les coupes macroscopiques de dents constituent un support de choix pour étudier la morphologie canalaire camérale et radiculaire. Après des rappels anatomiques, notre travail se focalise sur l observation des variations de l anatomie endodontique à partir de coupes de dents sèches recueillies auprès des étudiants de DCEO1. Ces coupes sont présentées sous forme de planches anatomiques . Elles constituent un petit atlas destiné à l étudiant en Chirurgie Dentaire ou au praticien cherchant à perfectionner sa connaissance de l espace pulpaire.LILLE2-UFR Odontologie (593502202) / SudocSudocFranceF
[Role of N-linked glycans in the functions of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins].
No full textInternational audienceHepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped virus and encodes two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2. E1 and E2 are transmembrane type I proteins with a N-terminal ectodomain and C-terminal anchor. During their synthesis, E1 and E2 ectodomains are targeted in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen where they are modified by N-linked glycosylation. After their synthesis, E1 and E2 assemble as a non-covalent heterodimer. The N-linked glycosylation is based on the recognition of specific asparagine residue in the context of the consensus sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr. E1 contains potentially 4 or 5 N-linked glycosylation sites and E2 up to 11. Recent data indicated that some glycans of glycoproteins E1 and E2 play a major role in protein folding and heterodimer formation. Some N-linked glycans of E2 were involved in interactions with CD81, a putative cellular receptor for HCV. It appeared that N-linked glycans of E1 and E2 played an important role of in the viral entry
[Emergent viruses: SARS-associate coronavirus and H5N1 influenza virus].
No full textInternational audienceTwo viral agents with RNA genome are responsible for emerging illnesses: influenza virus A/H5N1 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus (SARS). For the diagnosis of SARS virus infection, an epidemiological investigation is necessary to know whether the patient has been exposed to a risk in a country where the SARS virus is circulating or whether the patient had worked in a laboratory handling SARS virus. The detection of SARS virus is possible in various clinical samples (including urine) by viral culture or RT-PCR. The handling of those samples and RNA extraction must be performed in a BSL3 laboratory. The SARS virus RT-PCR is poorly sensitive, therefore the test should be performed on samples collected consecutively for several days. In front of a suspicion of A/H5N1, similar procedures are recommended. An epidemiologic investigation is necessary to specify whether the patient stayed in a country where A/H5N1 virus was circulating. Clinical samples needed for a specific diagnosis are: nasopharyngeal, throat-swab or fecal samples, cerebrospinal fluid and blood. The presence of A/H5N1 virus is confirmed by viral isolation or RNA detection by RT-PCR. RNA extraction must be performed in a BSL3 laboratory. For diagnosis of A/H5N1 virus infection, RT-PCR test amplifies specifically a fragment of H5 gene (Hemagglutinin). In french laboratories of medical virology, procedures are ready to diagnose the first case of A/H5N1 virus infection and cases of reemerging SARS virus infection
Analyses of clinical and biological data for French and Belgian immunocompetent patients infected with hepatitis E virus genotypes 4 and 3
No full textAbstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 are the major causes of acute hepatitis in industrialized countries. Genotype 3 is mainly found in Europe and America, while genotype 4 is predominant in Asia. Several Japanese studies have suggested that genotype 4 is more virulent than genotype 3. We investigated this aspect by analyzing the clinical and biological data for 27 French and Belgian immunocompetent patients infected with HEV genotype 4. Their infections were probably acquired locally, since none of these patients reported travelling outside France or Belgium during the 2 to 8 weeks before symptoms onset. Each patient was matched for age (+/- 5 years) and gender with two patients infected with HEV genotype 3. Bivariate analysis indicated that the HEV genotype 4-infected patients had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase (2067 IU/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (1581 IU/L) activities and total bilirubin concentrations (92.4 \ub5mol/L) than did those infected with HEV genotype 3 (1566 IU/L, p= 0.016; 657 IU/L p=0.003 and 47 \ub5mol/L, p=0.046) at diagnosis. In contrast, more patients infected with hepatitis E virus genotype 3 reported dark urine (71% vs 39%, p=0.02) and experienced asthenia (89% vs 58%, p<0.01) than did those infected with hepatitis E virus genotype 4. Two HEV genotype 4-infected patients died of multi-organ failure, while none of the genotype 3-infected patients died (p=0.035). Finally, stepwise regression analysis retained only a greater increase in alanine aminotransferase (odds-ratio: 1.0005, 95% confidence interval: 1.00012-1.00084) and less frequent fever (odds-ratio = 0.1244; 95% confidence interval: 0,01887-0,82020) for patients infected with HEV genotype 4. We conclude that HEV-4 infections are likely to be associated with higher ALT activity than HEV-3 infections. Additional immunological and virological studies are required to confirm these findings and better understand the influence, if any, of genotype on hepatitis E virus pathophysiology
Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen to Indicate High Viral Load: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 10,397 Individual Participants.
No full textOccupational transmission of hepatitis C virus resulting from use of the same supermarket meat slicer
No full textAbstractTracing risk factors for acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV) in an HCV-infected patient, the only identified risk was working at the same butcher's counter of a supermarket as another HCV-infected patient, using a common ham cutting machine, with frequent bleeding hand injuries. A phylogenetic analysis showed a high percentage of nucleotide homology between the two patients’ strains
Sanger sequencing versus INNO-LiPA® HBV PreCore assay for routine detection of precore and basal core promoter mutations in hepatitis virus B chronically infected patients
No full textApport des tests génotypiques sur ADN-VIH proviral dans la vraie vie : une étude de cohorte rétrospective monocentrique
No full textFacteurs associés à la baisse de l’ADN proviral du VIH-1 chez les patients virologiquement contrôlés
No full textTime to undetectable viral load after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women
No full textBackground. There have been no clinical trials in resource-rich regions that have addressed the question of which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens are more effective for optimal viral response in antiretroviral-naive, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women.Methods. Data on 240 HIV-1-infected women starting HAART during pregnancy who were enrolled in the prospective European Collaborative Study from 1997 through 2004 were analyzed. An interval-censored survival model was used to assess whether factors, including type of HAART regimen, race, region of birth, and baseline immunological and virological status, were associated with the duration of time necessary to suppress viral load below undetectable levels before delivery of a newborn.Results. Protease inhibitor-based HAART was initiated in 156 women (65%), 125 (80%) of whom received nelfinavir, and a nevirapine-based regimen was initiated in the remaining 84 women (35%). Undetectable viral loads were achieved by 73% of the women by the time of delivery. Relative hazards of time to achieving viral suppression were 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26) for nevirapine-based HAART versus PI-based regimens and 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-3.12) for western African versus non-African women. The median duration of time from HAART initiation to achievement of an undetectable viral load was estimated to be 1.4 times greater in women receiving PI-based HAART, compared with women receiving nevirapine-based HAART. Baseline HIV RNA load was also a significant predictor of the rapidity of achieving viral suppression by delivery, but baseline immune status was not.Conclusions. In this study, nevirapine-based HAART (compared with PI [mainly nelfinavir]-based HAART), western African origin, and lower baseline viral load were associated with shorter time to achieving viral suppression
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