1,721,002 research outputs found
Brain targeting by engineered nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro evidences
No full textIn the last years, the application of "nanotechnology“ to the field of “medicine” surely represented the most innovative strategy to cope with diseases and could be named as nanomedicine, which is mostly applied to difficult-to-treat diseases. In this field of research, the most important goal to be reached is an increase in selectivity and specificity of drug-action. Several results with stimulating findings in preclinical or clinical phases have been obtained using nanocarriers delivering agents to targeted pathologies, and among them, it is known that neuro-pathologies represent a stimulating issue. In fact, the pharmaceutical treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders is the second largest area of therapy, following cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, non-invasive drug delivery systems for CNS are actively studied. The nano-technological approach consists of the use of nanosystems (colloidal carriers), which could be polymer-based (nanoparticles, Np) or solid lipid material made (solid lipid nanoparticles, SLNp) and lipid-based (liposomes, LP). In fact, the development of these new delivery systems started with the discovery that properly surface-engineered colloidal vectors, with a diameter around 200 nm, are able to cross the BBB without causing apparent damage, and to deliver drugs or genetic materials into the brain. During this talk, an overview will be presented considering the most recent literature results of nanomedicine applied to brain diseases, focusing in particular on peptide-decorated nanosystems able to target the CNS.In vitro and in vivo experiments allowed to establish a pathway through which engineered NPs can cross the BBB and showed the possible NPs’ transport from cell to cell inside the CNS and the possible tropism of NPs for specific neuronal cell populations.References• A.M. Grabrucker, C. C. Garner, T.M. Boeckers, L. Bondioli, B. Ruozi, F.Forni, M.A. Vandelli, G.Tosi , Development of novel Zn2+ loaded nanoparticles designed for cell-type targeted drug release in CNS neurons: in vitro evidences. PLOS ONE, 2011, Vol 6, e17851.• G. Tosi, R.A. Fano, L. Badiali, R. Benassi, F. Rivasi, B. Ruozi, F. Forni, M.A., Vandelli. Investigation on the mechanisms for Blood-Brain Barrier crossing of brain-targeted glycopeptides nanoparticles, Nanomedicine UK, 2011, 6(3), 423-436• G. Tosi, AV Vergoni, B. Ruozi, L. Bondioli, L. Badiali, F. Rivasi, L. Costantino, F. Forni, M.A. Vandelli, Sialic-acid and glycopeptides conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for Central Nervous System targeting: in vivo pharmacological evidence and biodistribution, Journal of Controlled Release, 2010,145, 49-57
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Structural dissymmetry in the iliac cancellous network supports postural/gait-related problems in the KNM-WT 15000 early adolescent from Nariokotome.
No full textLa perizia dei primi dentisti in un villaggio di 9000 anni fa
No full textLa scoperta di pratiche di chirurgia dentistica nel neolitico antico della Subcontinente Indo-pakistano arretra l'affermazione di scienze predittive specialistiche a circa 9000 anni f
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The labours of Sisyphus: computer simulation of downslope movement of artefacts
No full textA simulation model reveals that 5000 years of erosion of a 3rd millennium BC site in Pakistan did not dvelop uniformly but in discontinuous patterns, following the variability of the underlying architectur
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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