1,721,192 research outputs found
Extremely energetic
No full textThe origin, reliability, and dispersion of the Ep,i – Eiso and other spectral energy correlations is a highly debated topic in GRB astrophysics. GRB 080916C, with its enormous radiated energy ( ~ 1055 erg in the 1 keV-10 GeV cosmological rest-frame energy band) and its intense GeV emission measured by Fermi, provides a unique opportunity to investigate this issue. In our analysis, we also study another extremely energetic event, GRB 090323, more recently detected and localized by Fermi/LAT, whose radiated energy is comparable to that of GRB 080916C
in the 1 keV-10 MeV energy range. Based on Konus/WIND and Fermi spectral measurements,
we find that both events are fully consistent with the Ep,i – Eiso correlation (updated to include 95 GRBs with the data available as of April 2009), thus further confirming and extending it,
and providing evidence against a possible flattening or increased dispersion at very high energies.
This also suggests that the physics behind the emission of peculiarly bright and hard GRBs is the same as for medium-bright and soft-weak long events (XRFs), which all follow the correlation.
In addition, we find that the normalization of the correlation obtained by considering these two GRBs and the other long ones for which was measured to high accuracy by the Fermi/GBM are fully consistent with those obtained by other instruments (e.g., BeppoSAX, Swift, Konus/WIND), thus indicating that the correlation is not affected significantly by “data truncation” because of detector thresholds and limited energy bands. A Fermi/GBM accurate estimate of the peak energy of a
very bright and hard short GRB with a measured redshift, GRB 090510, provides robust evidence that short GRBs do not follow the Ep,i – Eiso correlation and that the Ep,i – Eiso plane can be used to discriminate between, and understand, the two classes of events. Prompted by the extension of the spectrum of GRB 080916C to several GeV (in the cosmological rest-frame) without any excess or cut-off, we also investigated whether the evaluation of in the commonly adopted 1 keV-10 MeV energy band may bias the Ep,i – Eiso correlation and/or contribute to its scatter.
By computing from 1 keV to 10 GeV, the slope of the correlation becomes slightly flatter, while its dispersion does not change significantly. Finally, we find that GRB 080916C is also consistent with most of the other spectral energy correlations derived from it, with the
possible exception of the Ep,i – Eiso – tb correlation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
A search for pulsations in short gamma-ray bursts to constrain their progenitors
No full textWe searched for periodic and quasi-periodic signals in the prompt emission of a sample of 44 bright short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected with Fermi/GBM, Swift/BAT, andCGRO/BATSE. The aimwas to look for the observational signature of quasi-periodic jet precession, which is expected from black hole (BH)–neutron star (NS) mergers, but
not from double NS systems. Thus, this kind of search holds the key to identifying the progenitor systems of short GRBs and, in the interim before gravitational wave detectors become on-lines, represents the only direct way to constrain the progenitors. We tailored our search to the nature of the expected signal by properly stretching the observed light curves by an increasing factor with time, after calibrating the technique with synthetic curves. None of our GRBs showed evidence for periodic or quasi-periodic signals. In particular, for the seven unambiguously short GRBs with the best signal-to-noise ratios, we obtained significant upper imits to the amplitude of the possible oscillations. This result suggests that BH–NS systems do not dominate the population of short GRB progenitors,
as described by the kinematic model of Stone et al
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Average power density spectrum of long GRBs detected with BeppoSAX/GRBM and with Fermi/GBM
No full textFrom past experiments the average power density spectrum (PDS) of GRBs with unknown redshift was found to be modelled from 0.01 to 1 Hz with a power-law, f^(-alpha), with alpha broadly consistent with 5/3. Recent analyses of the Swift/BAT catalogue showed analogous results in the 15-150 keV band. We carried out the same analysis on the bright GRBs detected by BeppoSAX/GRBM and Fermi/GBM. The BeppoSAX/GRBM data, in the energy range 40-700 keV and with 7.8 and 0.5-ms time resolutions, allowed us to explore for the first time the average PDS at very high frequencies (up to 1 kHz) and reveal a break around 1-2 Hz, previously found in CGRO/BATSE data. The Fermi/GBM data, in the energy band 8-1000 keV, allowed us to explore for the first time the average PDS within a broad energy range. Our results confirm and extend the energy dependence of the PDS slope, according to which harder photons have shallower PDS
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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