68 research outputs found
Assessment of Ochratoxin A Exposure in Ornamental and Self‐Consumption Backyard Chickens
No full textOchratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that may be present in various food and feed of plant
and animal origin, including chicken meat. In Italy, backyard poultry farming is rather widespread.
Animals are raised for meat, eggs and for ornamental purpose, and they are often fed with homemade
diets not subject to official controls. The purpose of this study was to evaluate exposure of
ornamental and backyard chickens to OTA using biliary ochratoxin A as a biomarker. Therefore,
bile samples, in addition to kidney, liver and muscle, were collected from 102 chickens reared in 16
farms located in 6 Italian regions. High‐performance liquid chromatography method and
fluorimetric detection (HPLC‐FLD) analysis were carried out firstly on bile from all animals, and
OTA was detected in 12 chickens (concentration range 3.83–170.42 μg/L). Subsequently, the kidneys
of these chickens were also analysed, and the mycotoxin was not detected. The analytical detection
limits (LODs) of OTA in bile and kidney were 2.1 μg/L and 0.1 μg/kg, respectively. In conclusion,
these animals were exposed to OTA but their meat can be considered safe, given that this mycotoxin,
if present, concentrates highest in kidneys. Biliary ochratoxin A confirms its use as a valid biomarker
to assess exposure of poultry to OTA
Redundant robotic chains on Riemannian submersions
No full textThe main scope of this paper is to introduce the notion of Riemannian submersion for the modeling and control of certain types of redundant robotic chains. In the robotics literature, the redundant case is normally treated only in numerical terms, as the need to resort to pseudoinversion techniques is usually considered a barrier to the use of analytic or geometric methods. Using Riemannian submersions, however, we can single out a particular type of inverse, the horizontal lift, with distinguished properties with respect to the infinitely many possible others. Quite remarkably, for a wide class of robotic chains, characterized by the vanishing of the curvature tensor, such horizontal lift coincides with the curve obtained from the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of the Jacobian
mRNA stability and the unfolding of gene expression in the long-period yeast metabolic cycle
No full textIn yeast, genome-wide periodic patterns associated with energy-metabolic oscillations have been shown recently for both short (approx. 40 min) and long (approx. 300 min) periods. The dynamical regulation due to mRNA stability is found to be an important aspect of the genome-wide coordination of the long-period yeast metabolic cycle. It is shown that for periodic genes, arranged in classes according either to expression profile or to function, the pulses of mRNA abundance have phase and width which are directly proportional to the corresponding turnover rates. The cascade of events occurring during the yeast metabolic cycle (and their correlation with mRNA turnover) reflects to a large extent the gene expression program observable in other dynamical contexts such as the response to stresses/stimuli
Tissue distribution of ochratoxin A in pigs after administration of two-levels contaminated diets
No full textThe aim of the present study was to determine the levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in pigs experimentally exposed to this mycotoxin and to evaluate if bile may be used to assess exposure to OTA. Twelve hybrid pigs were divided into 3 equal groups, a control group D0,and 2 experimental groups, D1fed with 50 Î1⁄4g OTA/kg diet, and D2fed with 500 Î1⁄4g OTA/kg diet for 15 days. At the end of the test, the animals were euthanized and samples of different tissues and biological fluids were analysed by HPLC-fluorescence detection for the presence of OTA. Samples of unconventional edible tissues such as lung and heart were also taken for analysis because they are used in typical Italian regional dishes. The Italian guidance value for OTA of 1 Î1⁄4g/kg established for pork meat and derived products has been exceeded in all the matrices from both the experimental groups. The comparison between OTA levels detected in D1and D2groups showed clearly a linear doseresponse relationship. Based on the mean values measured, OTA distribution follows the order blood plasma > lung > kidney (in D1group), heart (in D2group) > heart (in D1group), kidney (in D2group) > bile > liver > fat > muscle. Analysis of bile can be useful for the detection of OTA in pigs. However, since blood can easily be taken from pigs, and given the correlation between the mycotoxin concentration detected in this matrix and the concentrations detected in the others, OTA level in blood is a more viable approach to assessing the presence of OTA in edible tissues. As lung and heart may contain high concentrations of OTA, the analytical controls should also include these matrices
LOOK&SPEAK UP TO ICF - CONCLUSION OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON INCLUSIVE LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS OF EYE TRACKING SYSTEMS FOR PUPILS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS, IN VENETO, ACCORDING TO ICF PERSPECTIVE
No full textEye tracking technologies are a kind of aid by which pupils with severe limitations to communication may interact with both their social and learning environments. Implementation of this kind of technology is quite rare in Italian schools. Results refer to the complexity of the framework that is emphasized by peculiarity of special needs.pupils and their environment. Very strong importance is related to the strength and confidence of the relationships network towards the instrument, the person who uses it, and the usage purposes. That’s why is required a systemic point of view. There is a high risk to attribute the eye gaze system magical abilities
Residues of Aflatoxins B1 and M1 in different biological matrices of swine orally administered aflatoxin B1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textResidui di aflatossine B1 e M1 in differenti matrici biologiche di suino alimentato con diete contenenti aflatossina B1 e Saccharomyces cerevisiae. – Le micotossine, e la aflatossina B1 (AFB1) in particolare, rappresentano da sempre un problema di sanità pubblica a livello mondiale di difficile risoluzione. Scopo del presente lavoro è stato quello di valutare le quantità di aflatossine B1 e M1, in fegato, rene, muscolo e grasso di suini che hanno assunto per 5 settimane diete sperimentalmente contaminate con 280 μg/kg di AFB1. E’ stata valutata anche la capacità adsorbente del Saccharomyces cerevisiae nei confronti di AFB1, somministrando la micotossina (280 ppb) insieme ad una dieta contenente lo 0.2% del lievito. Le quote residuali delle due aflatossine sono state determinate con metodo HPLC in fluorescenza, previa purificazione con estrazione solida (SPE). Muscolo e grasso sono risultati costantemente negativi per entrambe le micotossine, mentre i livelli rilevati in fegato e rene appaiono molto bassi per la AFB1 (valori compresi tra 0.03-0.12 ppb) e leggermente superiori per la AFM1 (valori compresi tra 0.39-0.72 ppb)
Residues of ochratoxin A in different biological matrices of laying hens orally administrated ochratoxin A, esterified glucomannan and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textRESIDUES OF OCHRATOXIN A IN DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL MATRICES OF LAYING HENS ORALLY ADMINISTERED OCHRATOXIN A, ESTERIFIED GLUCOMANNAN AND SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
L. Rizzi1, A. Zaghini2, A. Altafini2, M. Simioli1, P. Roncada2
1Dipartimento di Morfofisiologia Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali
2Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Patologia Animale
Alma Mater Studiorum - Università degli Studi di Bologna - Italy
[email protected] (e-mail of the corresponding author)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo ability of an esterified glucomannan (EGM), and of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) strain (inactivated by autoclave) to reduce the oral absorption of ochratoxin A (OTA) added to a basal diet for laying hens.
Six experimental groups of Isa-Brown laying hens (21 birds/group) were daily administered 6 different diets: basal diet (0-0), diet supplemented with 0.2% EGM (EGM-0), with 0.2% SC (SC-0), with OTA 0.2 ppm (0-OTA), with 0.2% EGM+OTA 0.2 ppm (EGM-OTA), and with 0.2% SC+OTA 0.2 ppm (SC-OTA). After 12 weeks, birds were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and liver, muscle, and blood samples were collected for the determination of OTA levels by HPLC. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared using a Student’s t test. The observed OTA concentrations were low (the range was 2.00-0.31 ppb) and decreasing from liver to plasma. They did not change significantly in the 3 experimental groups administered with OTA. This lack of significant differences may be due to the low doses of OTA added to basal diet
La riflessoterapia agopunturale nella cura del dolore e della sindrome da astinenza da oppiacei.
No full textEgg quality and mycotoxin residues of laying hens fed a diet containing Aflatoxin B1 and esterified glucomannans.
No full textABSTRACT Ninety-six laying hens were allocated to 4
groups and fed diets (control diet (0-0), diet supplemented
with 2.5 ppm aflatoxin B1 (0-AF); diet supplemented
with 0.11% mannanoligosaccharide (MOS-0); diet
supplemented with 0.11% MOS and 2.5 ppm aflatoxin B1
(MOS-AF) for 4 wk to evaluate the effect of aflatoxin
B1 (AFB1), mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), or both on egg
quality and the in vivo efficacy of MOS to interact with
an oral administration of AFB1. After 2 and 3 wk, egg
weight decreased (P < 0.05) in the group fed MOS-0 versus
groups on 0-0 and 0-AF. Egg shell weight was lower (P
< 0.05) in the group fed 0-AF. Aflatoxin influenced color
(Key words: laying hen, aflatoxin B1, mannanoligosaccharide, egg, residue)
2005 Poultry Science 84:825–832
parameters, which were probably related to interference
of AFB1 with lipid metabolism and pigmentary substances
deposition in yolk. MOS appeared to increase
protein percentage in albumen.
No AFB1 or aflatoxin M1 (AFM1; a polar metabolite of
AFB1) residues were found in eggs of the experimental
groups. Livers from groups 0-0 and MOS-0 always tested
negative for AFB1 and AFM1. Differences (P < 0.01) were
found between AFB1 hepatic levels of group 0-AF (mean
± SD: 4.13 ± 1.95 ppb) and group MOS-AF (mean ± SD:
2.21 ± 1.37 ppb). The data demonstrated the ability ofMOS
to adsorb and degrade AFB1, reducing gastrointestinal
absorption of AFB1 and its levels in tissues
Qualità delle uova e residui di micotossine in galline ovaiole alimentate con diete contenenti aflatossina B1 e glucomannani esterificati.
No full textPer valutare gli effetti della AFB1 in presenza o meno di EGM sulla qualità dell’uovo e la capacità degli EGM di interagire con la somministrazione orale di AFB1, 72 galline sono state divise in 4 gruppi alimentati con diete diverse per un periodo di 4 settimane.
La deposizione ed il peso delle uova sono diminuiti nel gruppo la cui dieta conteneva gli EGM rispetto al gruppo di controllo. L’aflatossina B1 ha influenzato sia i parametri cromatici del tuorlo che il peso del fegato. Nessun residuo di aflatossina è stato evidenziato nelle uova e nei fegati, mentre gli excreta sono risultati positivi nei due gruppi di animali intossicati. Le quote massime ( P>0,05) di micotossine sono state registrate negli excreta dei soggetti alimentati con mangimi che contenevano l’AFB1 e gli EGM
- …
