1,720,984 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Persistent preconceptions: The role of implicit weight stigma in belief perseverance
Get PDFBelief perseverance – the tendency for people to maintain an initial belief even after the foundation for that belief has been discredited – has been documented in relation to a variety of topics (e.g., capital punishment, celebrities, politics; Bui, 2014; Carretta & Moreland, 1982; Lord, Ross, & Lepper, 1979), but has yet to be evaluated in relation to weight stigma, one of the most prevalent forms of social disgrace (Tomiyama, 2019). Research on belief perseverance has typically utilized the debriefing paradigm, which involves distributing opposing information to two groups of participants before discrediting said information and asking participants to make a related judgment. Such studies have focused on explicit beliefs and have mainly been conducted within a single experimental session (e.g., Ross, Lepper, & Hubbard, 1975). This study expands upon belief perseverance theory and methods by evaluating the potential moderating role of existing (i.e., implicit) weight-stigma beliefs within the standard debriefing paradigm in addition to the inclusion of a prospectively measured follow-up assessment while also examining the possible moderating effects of confirmation bias and anchoring. Participants read a report, which informed them of either a negative or positive correlation between weight and aggression in young adults, before learning that the information provided to them was falsified and randomly assigned. Participants then immediately completed explicit and implicit measures regarding their views on weight, followed by surveys to assess demographics and their level of anchoring, response bias, and confirmation bias. Two days later, participants completed the explicit and implicit measures a second time. Results revealed (1) that belief perseverance did replicate to views on weight, (2) that implicit beliefs about weight did not moderate explicit beliefs, (3) that neither confirmation bias nor anchoring moderated explicit beliefs, and (4) that these findings were consistent as there was a lack of moderation when measured at a two-day follow up.</p
Evaluating potential mechanisms of a multiple health behavior change intervention
Get PDFMany Americans are not meeting recommendations for engagement in health promoting and preventative behaviors. Multiple health behavior change (MHBC) interventions target at least two health behaviors to improve at least two health behaviors, and MHBC interventions may be both more economical and effective than single health behavior change (SHBC) interventions. However, the mechanisms through which MHBC (vs. SHBC) interventions may be more effective are unclear. Self-efficacy and identity are known predictors of behavior. The present study seeks to test a novel MHBC intervention and to simultaneously evaluate mediators of behavior change—namely self-efficacy for general health behavior engagement and development of a healthy-person identity. Specifically, participants engaged in one of three interventions: (1) MHBC intervention targeting fruit and vegetable consumption, and yoga practice; (2) SHBC intervention targeting fruit and vegetable consumption; (3) SHBC intervention targeting yoga practice; (4) No intervention control condition. ANOVA-based analyses test the hypotheses that individuals in the MHBC intervention condition will show the highest level in engagement in both target behaviors, compared to those in the SHBC intervention conditions and controls, and this effect will be mediated by differences in self-efficacy for and identity with engaging in health-related behavior. Lastly, Fisher's Z tests the theoretical hypothesis that changes in self-efficacy will precede changes in healthy identity. Mixed results were found, such that individuals in the MHBC intervention condition (vs. control condition) reported greater behavioral engagement in yoga but not fruit and vegetable consumption. The effect of experimental condition on target behaviors was not significantly mediated by general health self-efficacy or development of a general health identity. Finally, Fischer's Z test did not confirm a theoretical hypothesis that changes in self-efficacy will precede changes in healthy identity, but data appeared to be trending in the predicted direction. Overall, the MHBC intervention did effect greater behavioral engagement compared to the SHBC and control conditions. More research is needed to better understand the mechanisms through which behavior change occurs in the context of MHBC interventions.</p
Distinguishing initiation from maintenance in the Integrated Behavior Change Model
Get PDFMost lifestyle interventions fail at instilling behavioral maintenance. This is likely a result of interventions being based on suboptimal theories, the majority of which focus exclusively on determinants of behavioral intentions. These theories and interventions based on them are limited in their ability to explain and promote, respectively, behavioral initiation and maintenance. First, fewer than 50% of people translate their intentions into behavior; second, only mechanisms of initiation are specified while mechanisms of maintenance are neglected. Thus, more basic, theoretical work regarding mechanisms of behavioral initiation (i.e. moderators of the intention-behavior relationship) and maintenance is required to advance health practices. The purpose of the present line of research was to (1) evaluate a contemporary theoretical framework—the Integrated Behavior Change Model (IBCM)—that claims to better account for behavioral initiation, which requires more research evidence; and (2) to propose and test the utility of an extension to the IBCM to more fully account for mechanisms of behavioral maintenance, within the context of exercise. A secondary purpose of the present study was to test whether mechanisms of behavioral engagement vary for people who are just starting to exercise (i.e., initiators) versus those who have been exercising from some time (i.e., maintainers). Results supported hypotheses that the original IBCM would be more relevant for initiators versus maintainers, but counter to hypotheses, the ICBM did not do a better job at predicting behavior than its theoretical predecessor - the Theory of Planned Behavior. Assessment of the extension of the IBCM with maintainers revealed that identity was a stronger predictor of behavior than habit and that identity was particularly important when people’s routines varied from day-to-day, as expected. These results highlight the continued need for theoretical refinement and development in the field of Health Psychology applied to behavior change interventions.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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