138 research outputs found
Gianni Rodari and his English Readers
No full textChildren’s literature, in its multidisciplinary nature, offers a wealth of research options that span from psychology, to education, to translation. In this book, Alborghetti looks into the potential of children’s literature to promote empathy in young readers, and especially delves into the narrative dialogue among author, translator, and target reader. The author explores the literary and translation contexts in the United States and the United Kingdom, before presenting the case study of Gianni Rodari’s Italian works translated into English, and their relevance in the debate around the power of children’s literature in these Anglophone countries. This book is useful for researchers, educators and professional translators who wish to explore the world of children’s literature in translation
Translating for Children: Responsibility, Dialogue and the Role of the Translator
No full textTranslators occupy a privileged position when translating works written for a young audience as they are simultaneously ideal readers and authors of the target texts. The apparently easy task of translating children’s literature relies on the translator’s responsibility to keep the author of the source text and the readership in mind. If we consider children’s literature as an opportunity for young readers to shape their own image of the world and –
with reference to youth literature – reflect on their identity, translations can nurture a silent dialogue between the reader and the book during reading. This paper outlines the position of children’s literature in academia and the
shared multidisciplinary dimension with translation in order to discuss the value of translations and the role of translators as responsible for nurturing a narrative dialogue with young readers
Evidential Stance in Translation: Patterns of Complementation in Mediated Memories
No full textAutobiographies allow for the analysis of evidential stance in the production of immediate knowledge opposed to mediate knowledge provided by autobiography translation, differentiating the author/translator narrative persona. This article analyses “REMEMBER-constructions” as linguistic marker for evidential stance used by the narrator to define the source of the knowledge narrated. The investigation of a purpose-built electronic corpus of non-translated and translated autobiographies in English and Japanese between 1990 and 2010 shows a higher proportion of markers related to a non-experiential (or “mediative”) stance in translation. These preliminary results may suggest a non-coincidence of the author/translator persona in the texts analysed, where the translator becomes a biographer
Il traduttore e il suo lettore: alcune riflessioni sul rapporto tra contrainte e censura
No full textBibbò discusses the effect of 'regulative' or 'structural' censorship on translation. Starting from the concept of 'contrainte' by the French movement of Oulipo, the author discusses about self-censorship as a means for the translator to either make the translated text acceptable to the receiving culture, or to react against censorship by eroding the system from the inside by choosing a dominant translating strategy. This dominant strategy also characterises the translation as a unique work of art where the reader is actively involved as creator of meaning beyond the translator him/herself
Formulation and properties of a model two-component nanocomposite coating from organophilic nanoclays
No full textDifferent generations of type-b monoamine oxidase inhibitors in parkinson’s disease: From bench to bedside
No full textThree inhibitors of type-B monoamine oxidase (MAOB), selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide, are used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). All three drugs improve motor signs of PD, and are effective in reducing motor fluctuations in patients undergoing long-term L-DOPA treatment. The effect of MAOB inhibitors on non-motor symptoms is not uniform and may not be class-related. Selegiline and rasagiline are irreversible inhibitors forming a covalent bond within the active site of MAOB. In contrast, safinamide is a reversible MAOB inhibitor, and also inhibits volt-age-sensitive sodium channels and glutamate release. Safinamide is the prototype of a new generation of multi-active MAOB inhibitors, which includes the antiepileptic drug, zonisamide. Inhibition of MAOB-mediated dopamine metabolism largely accounts for the antiparkinsonian effect of the three drugs. Dopamine metabolism by MAOB generates reactive oxygen species, which contribute to nigro-striatal degeneration. Among all antiparkinsonian agents, MAOB inhibitors are those with the greatest neuroprotective potential because of inhibition of dopamine metabolism, induction of neurotrophic factors, and, in the case of safinamide, inhibition of glutamate release. The recent development of new experimental animal models that more closely mimic the progressive neurodegeneration associated with PD will allow to test the hypothesis that MAOB inhibitors may slow the progression of PD
The ‘easy’ task of translating for children. The translator’s responsibility and the pedagogical nature of translated children’s literature
No full textTranslated children’s literature has only recently found scholars that investigated the relationship between translators and young readers, translations as cultural and social products of specific historical periods, the pedagogical nature of translation addressing a young audience, the strategies adopted to make literary works travel among cultures.
Translation, much as literature itself, is never performed in isolation: the translator is a human being that grew up within a specific culture, who occupies a privileged position when translating works written for a young public because s/he is at the same time an ideal reader and the writer of the target text (Lathey, 2010; O’Sullivan, 2005; Shavit, 1986; Klingberg, 1986). The apparently easy task of translation is invested with responsibility for the translator who needs to keep the original author and the receiving audience (adults and children) in mind (Nord, 1991). But if we consider children’s literature as the possibility for young readers to create their own image of the world and reflect on their identity, translation can also foster the potential of a dialogue among translators and readers through the book.
The aim of this paper is to review academic studies in the field of translated children’s literature, focussing on the open dialogue between translators and young readers. This invisible thread can suggest new research areas in children’s literature that can bring this discipline at the centre of academic debate around the pedagogical nature of translation in the growth of passionate and curious readers
IMAGES AND VOICES OF GIANNI RODARI IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION
No full textLa ricerca studia le riscritture delle opere di Gianni Rodari (1920-1980) in traduzione inglese attraverso la mediazione degli editori, critici letterari ma soprattutto dei traduttori tra il 1960 e il 2011. Nell’ambito degli studi sul contesto di produzione delle opere tradotte (Bassnett & Lefevere, 1998; Chesterman et al., 2000), la prima parte della ricerca presenta le caratteristiche traduttive della letteratura per l’infanzia attraverso un’analisi retrospettiva (Toury, 2012) utile a contestualizzare le opere di Rodari in inglese per il pubblico Anglo-Americano. La seconda parte illustra la mediazione linguistica dei traduttori in quattro di queste opere in inglese a partire dagli S-Universals (Chesterman, 2004). L’analisi delle traduzioni di Patrick Creagh (1965, 1971), Jack Zipes e Antony Shugaar (2008, 2011 rispettivamente), condotta attraverso le nove categorie traduttive proposte da J. L. Malone nel 1988, ha mostrato diversi gradi di addomesticamento ed estraniamento traduttivo (Venuti, 1995) a seconda dell’età del pubblico ricevente. Specificamente, le traduzioni addomesticanti si sono rivelate creative al punto da avvicinarsi all’intento narrativo di Rodari nei testi originali. La traduzione estraniante di Shugaar del 2011 ha mantenuto i riferimenti alla cultura italiana del testo rodariano, mostrando un cambiamento di pubblico ricevente dal testo fonte (pubblico giovane) al testo di arrivo (adulti).The research investigates the extent to which Gianni Rodari’s (1920-1980) works changed in their English translations through the mediating presence of publishers, reviewers, and especially translators between the 1960s and 2011. With reference to the cultural context of production of translated works (Bassnett & Lefevere, 1998; Chesterman et al., 2000), translational patterns of children’s literature were firstly studied from a retrospective point of view (Toury, 2012) to contextualise Rodari’s books in English in the UK and the US. Secondly, the intervention of translators in four of these books was analysed within the mediation framework provided by S-Universals in translation (Chesterman, 2004). The discrete analysis of the translations by Patrick Creagh (1965, 1971), Jack Zipes and Antony Shugaar (2008, 2011 respectively), based on the nine translational trajections identified by J. L. Malone (1988), showed that the translators adopted different foreignising and domesticating strategies (Venuti, 1995) according to the intended public. More specifically, domesticating strategies presented a high degree of creativity in line with Rodari’s original narrative purpose, whereas Shugaar’s foreignising translation (2011) retained references to the Italian culture as in Rodari’s source text, marking a shift of audience from children to adults, from the Italian to the English target text
Lewis Carroll’s The Nursery Alice in Translation: A Time-based Exploration of a New Reading Paradigm for Young Children in Italy
No full textLewis Carroll’s The Nursery Alice (1890), a rewriting of the well-known Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865), is a remarkable anticipation of reading interaction between adults and children “aged from Nought to Five”, as the author wrote in his preface to the book. Recent research focused on the alternate fortune of The Nursery Alice and emphasised the time span in which the idea for this book developed in Carroll’s literary projects. Carroll conceived a text that maintained only a superficial resemblance with its “elder sister” and interrogated a dual audience of adults (the actual readers) and children (the receptors) on the illustrations
scattered throughout the book. The preponderance of the colourized illustrations over the text, as well as the ways in which the narrator invites the audience to use the book, anticipate the modern conception of books as physical tools to introduce very young children to a positive attitude towards reading. The Nursery Alice soon went out of print and many years passed until a new reprint reappeared on the market in the mid-20th century. In Italy, this book took longer to be translated and published in two distinct versions with new illustrations and translations in 1992 and 2017. This paper wishes to explore the reasons behind these translations based on the cultural approach to translation as an indicator of social, economic and political shifts offered by Bassett and Lefevere, tracing a timeline in the educational evolution that had to occur in Italy in order to
produce them. Alice dei bambini first and Alice dei piccoli later, reflect the recent pedagogical approach to “emergent literacy” as an opportunity to study the developmental attitude of pre-readers towards reading material and their relationship with competent adults. As stated by Chartier, quality children’s literature is meant to initiate young readers to savour “slow reading”, encouraging constant re-reading. Therefore, a reading canon of classics seems to support this role of “cultural initiator” to prepare young readers to more complex texts. In Italy, this initiation process started around the end of the 20th century, and a growing awareness of the importance of early literacy in more recent years has prompted adults as mediators to produce, disseminate, buy (or lend), read books and interact with pre-readers using a wide variety of sources. To this end, small, independent publishing houses promoted series specifically designed to introduce rewritings of classics to a dual audience, as is the case for the two translations mentioned. The paratextual material is indicative of the diffusion and reception network intended for these volumes. From a textual point of view, the translations show a distinct shift in the intended audience: in Alice dei bambini the narrator speaks to a group of people, in Alice dei piccoli it addresses a single reader. This is only one of the numerous instances of adaptation that suggest how a change in the conception of the development of very young children’s reading skills promoted the creation of a new literary vision of The Nursery Alice
Studio della risposta statica all’applicazione di forze estrusive in un modello biologico
No full text- …
