2,067 research outputs found
Accelerated aging to determine vigor in seeds of Cicer arietinum L. (cv. Chañaritos S-156)
Get PDFFil: Cazon, Sofia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Forrajes y Manejo de Pasturas; Argentina.Fil: Cazon, Sofia. Centro de Excelencia en Procesos y Productos de Córdoba - Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Agüero, César Germán. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Laboratorio de Análisis de Calidad de Semillas; Argentina.Fil: Arias, Claudia Vanina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Botánica Morfológica; Argentina.Fil: Molinelli, María Laura. niversidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Botánica Morfológica; Argentina.La prueba de envejecimiento acelerado (EA) es un método utilizado para evaluar vigor, pero aún no se dispone de un procedimiento estándar para garbanzo. El objetivo fue identificar la temperatura y el tiempo adecuado en la prueba de EA para determinar el vigor en lotes de semillas de garbanzo. Tres lotes de semillas fueron sometidos a 6 tratamientos con diferentes temperaturas (41 y 45 ºC) y tiempos (24, 48 y 72 h). Se realizó la prueba de germinación estándar y se evaluó el % de plántulas normales (PN), plántulas anormales (PA), de semillas muertas (SM), duras (SD) y frescas (SF). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en el % de PN respecto al control en cinco tratamientos, a partir de 41 ºC por 48 h. En la mayoría de los tratamientos con el incremento de la temperatura y tiempo el %PN disminuyó, mientras que el %PA y %SM aumentaron. El efecto del tratamiento de 45 ºC por 24 h sobre la variable %PN mostró diferencias significativas en los tres lotes. Se concluye que el tratamiento de EA que resultó más adecuado para determinar diferencias en el vigor entre los lotes de garbanzo fue el de 45°C por 24 h.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionFil: Cazon, Sofia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Forrajes y Manejo de Pasturas; Argentina.Fil: Cazon, Sofia. Centro de Excelencia en Procesos y Productos de Córdoba - Santa María de Punilla, Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Agüero, César Germán. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Laboratorio de Análisis de Calidad de Semillas; Argentina.Fil: Arias, Claudia Vanina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Botánica Morfológica; Argentina.Fil: Molinelli, María Laura. niversidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Botánica Morfológica; Argentina
Optimizing visual estimation of peanut late leaf spot severity with online training sessions and standard area diagrams
No full textQuantification of plant disease severity is key for plant pathology research, particularly in the evaluation of disease management strategies. Visual estimation of severity remains widely used, especially in field experiments. Training sessions and the use of standard area diagram sets (SADs) are known to enhance rater accuracy. In this study, we aimed to quantify and compare the benefits of these tools, either used alone or in combination, when visually assessing peanut late leaf spot severity. We designed and validated SADs to aid in disease severity estimation and also evaluated the training tool TraineR2, a web-based app that contains actual images of the disease with known severity. Our results show that both tools led to a significant improvement in rater accuracy after their use. For TraineR2, the gains in overall accuracy (ρc from 0.82 to 0.91) and precision (Pearson's r from 0.73 to 0.88) were slightly lower than those obtained with the SADs (ρc from 0.89 to 0.96 and Pearson's r from 0.85 to 0.95). When training and SADs were combined, the overall accuracy was 0.97, and Pearson's r was 0.96, values statistically similar to those achieved using SADs alone. Regarding inter-rater reliability, evaluated based on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), using SADs and training together resulted in an ICC of 0.95, which was higher than using SADs alone (0.93) or training alone (0.84). Our study confirms the utility of combining training sessions and SADs for improving the accuracy of plant disease assessments.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Cazon, Luis Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Cazon, Luis Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: González, N.R. Fundación ArgenINTA. Delegación IFFIVE. Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Suarez, L. Fundación ArgenINTA. Delegación IFFIVE. Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Del Ponte, E. M. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de Fitopatologia; Brasi
Extensive Air Showers: from the muonic smoking guns to the hadronic backbone
Get PDFExtensive Air Showers are complex macroscopic objects initiated by single ultra-high energy particles. They are the result of millions of high energy reactions in the atmosphere and can be described as the superposition of hadronic and electromagnetic cascades. The hadronic cascade is the air shower backbone, and it is mainly made of pions. Decays of neutral pions initiate electromagnetic cascades, while the decays of charged pions produce muons which leave the hadronic core and travel many kilometers almost unaffected. Muons are smoking guns of the hadronic cascade: the energy, transverse momentum, spatial distribution and depth of production are key to reconstruct the history of the air shower. In this work, we overview the phenomenology of muons on the air shower and its relation to the hadronic cascade. We briefly review the experimental efforts to analyze muons within air showers and discuss possible paths to use this information
Molecular detection of Thecaphora frezzi in peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) seeds
Get PDFThecaphora frezii is the causal agent of peanut smut, important disease in the Argentine production area. The pathogen can be dispersed by kernels, through surface contamination or small lesions. The aim of this work was to design specific primers to develop a Polymerase Chain Reaction assay for the detection of Thecaphora frezii in peanuts kernels. The ITS region of four T. frezii isolates was amplified and sequenced. A consensus sequence was obtained and a pair of primers specific for the pathogen, named TF-2F and TF- 2R, was synthesized. The primers were used for specificity and sensitivity tests. The former test involved a PCR using DNA from T. frezii and other seed-transmitted pathogens (S. rolfsi, S. minor, Fusarium solani and S. sclerotiorum). A 190 bp fragment was obtained for the T. frezii isolates, whereas no amplification was observed for the remaining pathogens. For the sensitivity test, positive results were observed at concentrations up to 3x10-4 pg of the target DNA. The specificity of this method, along with its sensitivity, makes it an important tool for epidemiological studies of peanut smut.Inst. Patología VegetalFil: Cazon, Luis Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Franco Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Rago, Alejandro Mario Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentin
Peanut Smut in Argentina: An Analysis of the Disease, Advances, and Challenges
No full textPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally high-value food crop, with Argentina ranking third in global peanut exports. However, Argentine peanut production faces a severe threat from a fungal disease, peanut smut, caused by Thecaphora frezzii. This disease is particularly prevalent in the C´ordoba Province, where recent surveys have documented a gradual increase in the prevalence and incidence of peanut smut, becoming a significant challenge to peanut production. First identified in Brazil in the 1960s in wild peanut and later in Argentina in 1995 in commercial peanut fields, the disease has rapidly spread owing to its distinctive pathogen characteristics, including the lack of visible symptoms on aerial plant parts, spore spread, and survival, and with a lack of proactive efforts to develop and apply management strategies.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Cazon, Luis Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Rago, Alejandro Mario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP); ArgentinaFil: Rago, Alejandro Mario. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentin
Carbón del maní: cienciometría sobre un patosistema complejo
No full textPoster y resumenDesde su primer reporte en lotes comerciales en el año 1995, el carbón avanzó rápidamente sobre el cultivo del maní. Paralelamente, diferentes grupos de trabajo iniciaron líneas de investigación con el objetivo de estudiar este patosistema desde diferentes enfoques, generando los conocimientos que actualmente forman parte de la producción científica sobre la enfermedad. Conociendo la importancia de la sistematización de la información y de la contextualización del tema al momento de iniciar tareas de investigación, nuestro objetivo fue realizar un análisis cienciométrico sobre el carbón del maní.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Cazon, Luis Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Paredes, Juan Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Miretti, E. Fundación Maní Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Suarez, L. Fundación Maní Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, N. Fundación Maní Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Rago, Alejandro Mario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP); Argentin
Hadronic physics with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Get PDFExtensive air showers are the result of billions of particle reactions initiated by single cosmic rays at ultra-high energy. Their characteristics are sensitive both to the mass of the primary cosmic ray and to the fine details of hadronic interactions. Ultra-high energy cosmic rays can be used to experimentally extend our knowledge on hadronic interactions in energy and kinematic regions beyond those tested by human-made accelerators. We report on how the Pierre Auger Observatory is able to measure the proton-air cross section for particle production at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 39 TeV and 56 TeV and also to constrain the new hadronic interaction models tuned after the results of the Large Hadron Collider, by measuring: the average shape of the electromagnetic longitudinal profile of air showers, the moments of the distribution of the depth at which they reach their maximum, and the content and production depth of muons in air showers with a primary center-of-mass energy per nucleon around and above the 100 TeV scale.Peer Reviewe
Constraints and measurements of hadronic interactions in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Get PDFThe characteristics of extensive air showers are sensitive to the details of hadronic interactions at energies and in kinematic regions beyond those tested by human-made accelerators. Uncertainties on extrapolations of the hadronic interaction models in these regions hamper the interpretation of the ultra high energy cosmic ray data in terms of primary mass composition. We report on how the Pierre Auger Observatory is able to constrain the hadronic interaction models by measuring the muon content and muon production depth of air showers and also by measuring the proton-air cross section for particle production at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV.Peer Reviewe
Studying the nuclear mass composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Get PDFThe Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory measures the atmospheric depth, , where the longitudinal profile of the high energy air showers reaches its maximum. This is sensitive to the nuclear mass composition of the cosmic rays. Due to its hybrid design, the Pierre Auger Observatory also provides independent experimental observables obtained from the Surface Detector for the study of the nuclear mass composition. We present -distributions and an update of the average and RMS values in different energy bins and compare them to the predictions for different nuclear masses of the primary particles and hadronic interaction models. We also present the results of the composition-sensitive parameters derived from the ground level component.Peer Reviewe
Constraints and Measurements of Hadronic Interactions in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory
No full textAbstractThe characteristics of extensive air showers are sensitive to the details of hadronic interactions at energies and in kinematic regions beyond those tested by human-made accelerators. Uncertainties on extrapolations of the hadronic interaction models in these regions hamper the interpretation of the ultra high energy cosmic ray data in terms of primary mass composition. We report on how the Pierre Auger Observatory is able to constrain the hadronic interaction models by measuring the muon content and muon production depth of air showers and also by measuring the proton-air cross section for particle production at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV
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