68 research outputs found
Disciplinary Privilege and the Promise of Decampment: A Response to James Thuo Gathii's “The Promise of International Law: A Third World View”
No full textThis address were delivered at the 114th Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law, in which the author served as Annual Grotius Lecture Discussant, responding to James Thuo Gathii’s Grotius Lecture: ‘The Promise of International Law: A Third World View’ (available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3635509). They address what Third World approaches to international law (TWAIL), and the structural racism of the discipline of international law that TWAIL scholarship makes apparent, demand of scholars proceeding from other epistemic locations
Surface and buried interface layer studies on challenging structures as studied by ARXPS
No full textPrevious extensive studies were performed at Surface Science Western on the treatment of III-V semiconductors to produce surfaces suitable for subsequent epitaxial growth. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study oxide formation and capping techniques, and to monitor changes that would occur upon thermal desorption. The effects of a remote plasma on these surfaces were studied as well as to apply thin dielectric films of Si3N4 in order to study interfacial properties. Angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS) was performed in many cases to ascertain oxide layer thickness, uniformity, and structure. For the types of surfaces studiedmirror finished semiconductors, ARXPS is straightforward, and the angular dependence is obtained by physically altering the surface orientation with respect to the analyser. While the sample can be repositioned with care to analyse the same spot, changing the angle will effectively change the sampling area, further, surface topography can preclude the use of ARXPS. Use of parallel PARXPS, now available on recent instrumentation, can alleviate these problems. In this case, photoelectrons are collected simultaneously from a large angle. A multichannel detector allows this to be split into smaller angles thereby giving the PARXPS spectra without physically tilting the sample. Further, because the sample is not tilted, topographical effects are minimised allowing meaningful data to be extracted from not so perfect samples. To illustrate this, a detailed PARXPS study on a gallium Indium eutectic (EGaIn) will be presented. Various methods of extracting the depth information from these spectra will be discussed. Finally, the application of using PARXPS to study buried interfaces will be briefly discussed. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The synthesis and characterization of poly[oxo(2-chloro-1, 4-phenylene) oxy terephthaloyl-co-(2chloro-1, 4-oxy carbonyl methylene oxo terephthayoly-co oxy(2-chloro-1, 4-phenylene methylene oxy oxy terephthaloyl], 1992
No full textTwo copolyesters were prepared in the melt from terephthalic acid, 1,4- phenylenediacetic acid, 2-chlo~ 1,4-phenylenediacetate and CXCX -diacetoxy-I ,4- phenylene. Neither polymer is observed to exhibit liquid crystalline properties. Polymer I has an inherent viscosity of O.39g/dl while polymer 2 has an inherent viscosity of O.64g/dl. The Thermal properties of both polymers are obtained. Thermogravimetric analysis result indicate that polymer I starn to loose weight at 2750 C, while polymer 2 which is more thermally stable only losses less than 5% of it's weight at 3500 C. Both polymers were characterized by FT-IR, lH NMR and 13c NMR, POM, DSC, TGA and viscosity
African Regional Trade Agreements as Legal Regimes
No full textAfrican regional trade integration has grown exponentially in the last decade. This book is the first comprehensive analysis of the legal framework within which it is being pursued. It will fill a huge knowledge gap and serve as an invaluable teaching and research tool for policy makers in the public and private sectors, teachers, researchers and students of African trade and beyond. The author argues that African Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) are best understood as flexible legal regimes particularly given their commitment to variable geometry and multiple memberships. He analyzes the progress made toward trade liberalization in each region, how the RTAs are financed, their trade remedy and judicial regimes, and how well they measure up to Article XXIV of GATT. The book also covers monetary unions as well as intra-African regional integration, and examines free trade agreements with non-African regions including the Economic Partnership Agreements with the European Union.</jats:p
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African regional trade agreements as legal regimes /
No full textAfrican regional trade integration has grown exponentially in the last decade. This book is the first comprehensive analysis of the legal framework within which it is being pursued. It will fill a huge knowledge gap and serve as an invaluable teaching and research tool for policy makers in the public and private sectors, teachers, researchers and students of African trade and beyond. The author argues that African Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) are best understood as flexible legal regimes particularly given their commitment to variable geometry and multiple memberships. He analyzes the progress made toward trade liberalization in each region, how the RTAs are financed, their trade remedy and judicial regimes, and how well they measure up to Article XXIV of GATT. The book also covers monetary unions as well as intra-African regional integration, and examines free trade agreements with non-African regions including the Economic Partnership Agreements with the European Union
Cadmium - ToxFAQs : CAS#: 7440-43-9 [Vietnamese]
No full textCadmium - ToxFAQs : CAS#: 7440-43-9 [Vietnamese]Tha\uf9ng 10 na\ueam 2012T\uf4\uf8 tho\ue2ng tin na\uf8y tra\ufb l\uf4\uf8i ca\uf9c ca\ue2u ho\ufbi y te\ue1 th\uf6\uf4\uf8ng ga\uebp (FAQ) nha\ue1t ve\ue0 cadmium.
1e\ue5 bie\ue1t the\ue2m tho\ue2ng tin, ha\uf5y go\uefi Trung Ta\ue2m Tho\ue2ng Tin CDC theo so\ue1 1-800-232-4636. T\uf4\uf8 tho\ue2ng tin na\uf8y la\uf8 mo\ue4t trong nh\uf6\uf5ng ba\ufbn to\uf9m ta\ue9t ve\ue0 ca\uf9c cha\ue1t \uf1o\ue4c ha\uefi va\uf8 ta\uf9c \uf1o\ue4ng cu\ufba chu\uf9ng \uf1o\ue1i v\uf4\uf9i s\uf6\uf9c kho\ufbe. Hie\ue5u bie\ue1t ve\ue0 tho\ue2ng tin na\uf8y la\uf8 \uf1ie\ue0u quan tro\uefng, v\uec cha\ue1t na\uf8y co\uf9 the\ue5 ga\ue2y ha\uefi cho quy\uf9 v\uf2. Ca\uf9c ta\uf9c ha\uefi do ph\uf4i nhie\ue3m ba\ue1t ky\uf8 cha\ue1t \uf1o\ue4c ha\uefi na\uf8o phu\uef thuo\ue4c va\uf8o lie\ue0u l\uf6\uf4\uefng, th\uf4\uf8i gian, ca\uf9ch th\uf6\uf9c quy\uf9 v\uf2 b\uf2 ph\uf4i nhie\ue3m, \uf1a\uebc \uf1ie\ue5m va\uf8 tho\uf9i quen ca\uf9 nha\ue2n, va\uf8 vie\ue4c lie\ue4u co\uf9 hie\ue4n die\ue4n ca\uf9c cha\ue1t ho\uf9a ho\uefc kha\uf9c hay kho\ue2ng.CA
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1IE\uc5M NO\uc5I BA\uc4T: Ph\uf4i nhie\ue3m v\uf4\uf9i cadmium xa\ufby ra chu\ufb ye\ue1u \uf4\ufb n\uf4i la\uf8m vie\ue4c, n\uf4i sa\ufbn xua\ue1t ca\uf9c sa\ufbn pha\ue5m co\uf9 ch\uf6\uf9a cadmium. Ng\uf6\uf4\uf8i da\ue2n no\uf9i chung b\uf2 ph\uf4i nhie\ue3m do h\uedt pha\ufbi kho\uf9i thuo\ue1c la\uf9 hoa\uebc a\uean ca\uf9c th\uf6\uf9c a\uean co\uf9 ch\uf6\uf9a cadmium. Cadmium ga\ue2y to\ue5n ha\uefi cho tha\ue4n, pho\ue5i va\uf8 x\uf6\uf4ng. Cadmium \uf1a\uf5 \uf1\uf6\uf4\uefc t\uecm tha\ue1y \uf4\ufb \uedt nha\ue1t 1,014 trong to\ue5ng so\ue1 1,669 c\uf4 s\uf4\ufb thuo\ue4c Danh Sa\uf9ch
6u Tie\ue2n Quo\ue1c Gia (NPL) do C\uf4 Quan Ba\ufbo Ve\ue4 Mo\ue2i Tr\uf6\uf4\uf8ng (EPA) xa\uf9c \uf1\uf2nh.CS249955-Itfacts5_vietnamese.pdf201
Colloidal particle assembly and electrochromic thin film application
No full textThe controlled assembly of colloidal building blocks offers great potential in developing functional materials for different technological applications. Assembly strategies and design of complex micro-and nanostructures are built on understanding the colloidal interactions. In this dissertation, interactions of cluster and two-dimensional (2D) crystal assembly of amphiphilic Janus particles were modulated via the addition of surfactants and ionic liquids. Varying the coating thickness of Au-coated particles revealed a significant role of van der Waals force in the assembly of Au-coated particles when added surfactant suppressed the hydrophobic attraction. Rotational dynamics of Janus particles in the 2D crystal were slowed down by adding a non-ionic surfactant, Tween20, and accelerated by an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A new assembly structure induced by ionic liquids was discovered and carefully examined. The amphiphilicity contrast between the two sides of Janus particles and chemical structure of ionic liquid governed assembly. Results suggest that the unique orientation of the amphiphilic boundary of Janus particle is due to the interplay of electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Particle tracking image analysis was employed to analyze the orientation and dynamics of particles.
Knowledge of colloidal assembly strategies and interactions were utilized to enhance the properties of a functional nanocrystal film through formulation. In this approach, various organic solvents with different polarities lead to different film morphology. It was demonstrated that ligand-coated NCs aggregated in polar solvents and formed a clear transparent film with a crack free structure. NCs film produced with a non-polar formulation showed significant haziness and an interconnected crack network structure. The optically clear electrochromic film with efficient optical modulation was achieved by suppressing haziness
Mechanical properties of heat-treated additively manufactured titanium alloys
No full textThe rapid growth of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has made possible the
fabrication of near net shape components in less time and at lower cost than traditional wrought
processes. As a result, AM has been shown to reduce substantially buy-to-fly ratios for titanium
and other non-ferrous structural aerospace alloys. However, the microstructure (grain size, shape,
and crystallographic orientation) and its evolution (precipitation and coarsening), which is highly
process dependent, determines the resulting mechanical properties and performance. If AM
technologies are to be adopted more widely, with AM components to replace wrought components
in critical structural applications, then it is essential to develop a fundamental understanding of the
microstructure-property relationships of AM materials. AM components are rarely put into service
in the as-built condition, and as such, heat treatments are typically required. Differences across the
numerous AM variants (e.g., small-volume versus large-volume, wire versus powder, laser versus
electron beam) and post-build heat treatments (e.g., hot isostatic pressing versus beta annealing
versus stress relieving) often result in microstructural differences, and thus, variances in
mechanical properties. In the first part of this work, a database of experimentally measured
mechanical properties was compiled for 113 explicit Ti-6Al-4V samples. This is the first time that
samples produced via wrought and a variety of AM variants (i.e., large-volume electron beam,
large-volume laser hot wire, and small-volume laser powder bed fusion) have been aggregated and
analyzed in an effort to develop a framework for the prediction of uniaxial tensile behavior beyond
the yield point for Ti-6Al-4V across a wide range of manufacturing processes. But unlike the
“workhorse” α + β titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, which has been studied heavily, and long been an
alloy of interest to the AM community, the metastable β titanium alloy Ti-5Al-5V-Mo-3Cr has only recently become a candidate alloy for investigation. In the second part of this work, samples
of Ti-5Al-5V-Mo-3Cr manufactured by laser power bed fusion (L-PBF) were subjected to 27
unique heat treatments and subsequently tested in uniaxial tension. Backscattered electron (BSE)
micrographs were acquired using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microstructural
features of interest were quantified using MIPAR image analysis software. A single equation was
developed to predict the yield strength of heat-treated L-PBF Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr, with predicted
yield strength values having an average error of less than 3% and a maximum error of 8%. The
experimentally measured yield strengths ranged from 925-1469 MPa and were shown to depend
on only two microstructural variables: α phase fraction and α-to-α inter-lath spacing. Equally
important as heat treatments for microstructural modification and tuning of mechanical properties
are low temperature heat treatments for stress relief of AM materials. In the last part of this work,
the microstructural evolution of L-PBF Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr during low temperature aging was
investigated. When quenched from above the β transus, the β phase decomposes into the athermal
ω phase, and during isothermal aging below the ω solvus temperature, the athermal ω precipitates
coarsen and become solute lean with respect to the β matrix. Due to the rapid cooling temperature
inherent to the AM processes it is critical to understand the evolution of the ω phase and the
potential effect of structure and composition in L-PBF Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr. The results of this
study are useful for understanding the mechanical properties of AM titanium across AM variants
and titanium alloy classifications (i.e., α + β alloys, β alloys). This research fills critical knowledge
gaps and provides powerful tools for the prediction of structure-property relationships for AM
titanium alloys
Boron : CAS#: 7440-42-8 [Vietnamese]
No full textBoron : CAS#: 7440-42-8 [Vietnamese]T\uf4\uf8 tho\ue2ng tin na\uf8y tra\ufb l\uf4\uf8i ca\uf9c ca\ue2u ho\ufbi th\uf6\uf4\uf8ng ga\uebp nha\ue1t (FAQ) ve\ue0 bo.
1e\ue5 bie\ue1t the\ue2m tho\ue2ng tin, ha\uf5y go\uefi Trung Ta\ue2m Tho\ue2ng Tin CDC theo so\ue1 1-800-232-4636. T\uf4\uf8 tho\ue2ng tin na\uf8y la\uf8 mo\ue4t trong nh\uf6\uf5ng ba\ufbn to\uf9m ta\ue9t ve\ue0 ca\uf9c cha\ue1t \uf1o\ue4c ha\uefi va\uf8 ta\uf9c \uf1o\ue4ng cu\ufba chu\uf9ng \uf1o\ue1i v\uf4\uf9i s\uf6\uf9c kho\ufbe. Hie\ue5u bie\ue1t ve\ue0 tho\ue2ng tin na\uf8y la\uf8 \uf1ie\ue0u quan tro\uefng, v\uec cha\ue1t na\uf8y co\uf9 the\ue5 ga\ue2y ha\uefi cho quy\uf9 v\uf2. Ca\uf9c ta\uf9c ha\uefi do ph\uf4i nhie\ue3m ba\ue1t ky\uf8 cha\ue1t \uf1o\ue4c ha\uefi na\uf8o phu\uef thuo\ue4c va\uf8o lie\ue0u l\uf6\uf4\uefng, th\uf4\uf8i gian, ca\uf9ch th\uf6\uf9c quy\uf9 v\uf2 b\uf2 ph\uf4i nhie\ue3m, \uf1a\uebc \uf1ie\ue5m va\uf8 tho\uf9i quen ca\uf9 nha\ue2n, va\uf8 vie\ue4c lie\ue4u co\uf9 hie\ue4n die\ue4n ca\uf9c cha\ue1t ho\uf9a ho\uefc kha\uf9c hay kho\ue2ng.CA
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1IE\uc5M NO\uc5I BA\uc4T: Ph\uf4i nhie\ue3m v\uf4\uf9i bo xa\ufby ra ta\uefi n\uf4i la\uf8m vie\ue4c hoa\uebc do s\uf6\ufb du\uefng mo\ue4t so\ue1 sa\ufbn pha\ue5m tie\ue2u du\uf8ng. H\uedt pha\ufbi ha\uf8m l\uf6\uf4\uefng bo v\uf6\uf8a pha\ufbi se\uf5 ga\ue2y k\uedch \uf6\uf9ng cho mu\uf5i, ho\uefng va\uf8 ma\ue9t. Tie\ue2u thu\uef l\uf6\uf4\uefng l\uf4\uf9n bo co\uf9 the\ue5 ga\ue2y to\ue5n th\uf6\uf4ng cho tinh hoa\uf8n, ruo\ue4t, gan, tha\ue4n va\uf8 na\uf5o. Bo \uf1a\uf5 \uf1\uf6\uf4\uefc t\uecm tha\ue1y ta\uefi \uedt nha\ue1t 164 trong so\ue1 1,689 c\uf4 s\uf4\ufb thuo\ue4c Danh Sa\uf9ch
6u Tie\ue2n Quo\ue1c Gia (NPL) do C\uf4 Quan Ba\ufbo Ve\ue4 Mo\ue2i Tr\uf6\uf4\uf8ng (EPA) xa\uf9c \uf1\uf2nh.CS249955-Gtfacts26_vietnamese.pdf200
Attaining Market Competitiveness through the Judo Strategy: The Success Case of the Easy Coach Bus Company in Kenya
No full textThe judo strategy provides business managers with the techniques to beat stronger opponents- a key challenge faced by businesses of all ages and sizes, ranging from tiny start-ups to established giants seeking to expand beyond their operational bases. Hence, the judo strategy helps an underdog firm that would otherwise be pessimistic with the presence of stronger competitors to perceive their competitors’ inherent advantages as strategic liabilities and thus compete more effectively by employing creativity in movement, balance and leverage in ways that prevent giants from taking full advantage of their superior strengths. This study examines how a relatively small market entrant in the public transport sector in Kenya, Easy Coach, effectively utilized the judo strategy and ultimately outsmarted an entrenched and much stronger market competitor- the Akamba Bus Company. The results of the qualitative research offer invaluable insights to business managers on the effective implementation of judo strategy to attain market competitiveness. Finally, propositions for further research are suggested. Key Words: Judo Strategy, Market Competitiveness, Public Transport Service
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