1,720,989 research outputs found
La valutazione della personalità nell’infanzia: dati preliminari sulla validazione di uno strumento Q-Sort
Full text linkIntroduction: The debate on childhood personality disorders still rages, despite a growing number of studies confirming that it is possible to evaluate childhood personality from a developmental perspective (Caspi et al. 2005, Widiger et al. 2009, McAdams & Olson 2010). Certain authors have inquired whether it is appropriate to evaluate personality in childhood, given the developmental features of mental functioning, but others, with the support of empirical and clinical data, confirmed the early structuring of PDs and the need for early intervention and prevention. The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, Second Edition (PDM-2; Lingiardi and McWilliams 2017) states that young children do have personalities and traits that may persist over time, and it underlines the importance of assessment even in childhood. The controversy over the existence of personality disorders in childhood has continued due to the limitations of studies in this research area and to the reluctance to apply adult personality diagnoses to children. The aims of this work are: to develop a Q-Sort assessment procedure for the evaluation of children personality and to give a contribution on the debate of childhood personality (Fortunato & Speranza, 2018).
Methods: From a literature review we derived seven Emerging Personality Patterns and four Personality Organizations. Through the four Mental Functions defined by the PDM-2 (cognitive and affective processes, identity and relationships, defense and coping, Self-awareness and self-direction) we described the characteristics of each patterns and we derived 200 items that describe specific patterns of affect, cognition, motivation and behavior in childhood with a straightforward manner. Beyond the consideration of whether it is better not to label, avoiding stigmatization and leaving the development to have its course or rather is it higher risk to do so for traits that exist and could lead to a structured pathology without intervention, we would like to consider emerging personality patterns in childhood as developmental trajectories that can be examined. We believe that investigating the precursors and pathways of personality disorders during childhood, integrating developmental issues, biological vulnerabilities, and problematic environments, has the potential to define a longitudinal developmental approach to personality development and psychopathology. Our approach tries to address this challenge, conjugating both top-down (theoretical) and bottom-up (research) perspectives, based on research and clinical evidence (Fortunato & Speranza, 2018). First Personality Organization is the Healthy Personality, the second one is the Neurotic Personality Organization that includes: Inhibited/Withdrawn Emerging Personality Pattern, Pathological Obsessiveness Emerging Personality Pattern and Dysphoric Emerging Personality Pattern. The third one is the Borderline Personality organization that includes: Dysregulated Emerging Personality Pattern and Pathological Narcissism Emerging Personality Pattern. The last one is the Psychotic Personality Organization that includes: Suspicious Emerging Personality Pattern and Schizoid emerging personality pattern. Items and Patterns were tested through theoretical and statistical consensus. The theoretical consensus was obtained by 30 expert clinicians that evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale each Pattern and item. The statistical consensus involved 42 clinicians assessing 42 children (M=7.92; 64% male). Afterwards, we started with the validation procedure. Seventy-six clinicians evaluated 76 children (M=8,6; 77% male), from 4 to 11 years old, in treatment from 2 to 12 months. Procedure includes other instruments: CPNI (Coolidge, 2002), CBCL (Achenbach, 2001) e PDC-C (Malberg, Rosenberg, Malone, 2017).
Results: Theoretical consensus: clinicians rated 4 or 5 to all the Patterns and most of the items, only few items were rated 3. Statistical consensus: we evaluated the mean score and the standard deviation (SD) for each item. Only 16 out of 200 items reached a SD lower than 1.50 and a little mean score. Then, to evaluate the internal coherence of each Pattern, we measured the Cronbach’s alpha that reached really good or excellent levels for each Emerging Patterns. According to the consensus results, we modified the problematic items to obtain the final version of the instrument. For the validation procedure we conducted the Q-Factor analysis to obtain Emerging Personality Patterns empirically derived. Eight Q-Factor were found: High Functioning, Inhibited/Withdrawn, Dysphoric/Anxious, Inhibited/Depressive, Obsessive, Borderline/Dysregulated, Borderline/Impulsive, Schizoid. Then we evaluated the correlation between the Q-Factor’s and the other instruments. Correlations highlight a good construct and criterion validity. Validation procedure highlights the Q-Sort’s validity to evaluate childhood personality. Conclusions: Using the literature and research data, this study defined possible developmental pathways for emerging personality patterns in childhood. We consider that it is possible to define emerging patterns that may lead to personality disorders in adolescence and adulthood. The study of childhood personality can inform us about mental functioning, precursors and pathways of development. Preliminary data is promising and seems to confirm that the personality can be investigated during childhood. The Q-Sort procedure is the best way to assess childhood personality and its elements
Programmazione per la presa in carico psicoterapeutica all’interno di un servizio di assistenza psicologica agli studenti universitari
No full textAll’interno del SAP clinico (Servizio di Assistenza Psicologica agli studenti universitari) dell’Università degli Studi di Padova, viene fornito un servizio di assessment e diagnosi a tutti gli studenti universitari che si autosegnalano per un problema o disagio psicologico. Per alcuni di essi l’intervento si conclude con questo processo di consultazione, per altri si ravvisa la possibilità di una presa in carico psicoterapeutica, dettata dalla specificità del disturbo e dalla motivazione al cambiamento. In tale caso, prima di procedere alla presa in carico stessa (solitamente un sostegno a lungo termine a scadenza settimanale), per meglio precisare le finalità del trattamento e investigare più a fondo la struttura di personalità, vengono somministrate prove diagnostiche ed in particolare metodi proiettivi, oltre ad una valutazione dell’attaccamento. Scopo della comunicazione è di illustrare l’andamento di alcune variabili del test di Rorschach, siglato con il Metodo Exner, applicato ai pazienti che siano stati coinvolti in questo tipo di intervento
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Espressione di temi affettivi in consultazione psicologica: analisi del proiettivo tematico ORT
No full textLa ricerca in psicoterapia affronta, a livello di studi empirici, le problematiche connesse alla psicoterapia e agli interventi psicosociali. Tale ambito di studio si rivolge in particolare a due ampi filoni di ricerca: l’outcome e il process (Roth and Fonagy, 1996). All’interno di quest’ampia problematica, rispetto all’orientamento psicodinamico, un aspetto meno preso in considerazione concerne la relazione tra assessment psicologico nel processo di consultazione e presa in carico psicoterapeutica, in particolare quando all’interno del processo di consultazione ci si serva di strumenti testistici. Da questo punto di vista, i test proiettivi rappresentano uno strumento utile per la diagnosi e la comprensione di aspetti di personalità dei pazienti e, per tale ragione, vengono spesso affiancati ai colloqui di consultazione nella fase diagnostica di approccio al paziente. Per contro, in letteratura, non sempre i proiettivi sono stati utilizzati con metodologie rigorose di somministrazione, codifica e di analisi, che permettano di evidenziarne con chiarezza le caratteristiche, le potenzialità e i limiti nell’impiego clinico e di consultazione. Il nostro gruppo di ricerca, da alcuni anni, fornito un contributo allo sviluppo e alla validazione di sistemi di codifica applicati a differenti metodi proiettivi di ampio utilizzo nella clinica, sia con gli adulti (ORT di Philippson; Lis et al., 2002) che con i bambini (CAT; Mazzeschi et al., 1999).
Il presente lavoro, pertanto, si configura come un ulteriore sviluppo nell’utilizzo dei metodi proiettivi tematici nell’ambito della consultazione clinica, con lo scopo di analizzare la produzione tematica di tipo affettivo presente nei protocolli ORT di un gruppo di studenti universitari che si sono rivolti al Servizio di Consultazione Psicologica (SAP-Clinico) dell’Università di Padova. METODOLOGIA: All’interno del SAP-clinico viene fornito un servizio di assessment e diagnosi a tutti gli studenti universitari che si autosegnalano per un problema o disagio psicologico. Per alcuni di essi l’intervento si conclude con questo processo di consultazione, per altri si ravvisa la possibilità di una presa in carico psicoterapeutica, dettata dalla specificità del disturbo e dalla motivazione al cambiamento. In tale caso, prima di procedere alla presa in carico stessa (solitamente un sostegno a lungo termine a scadenza settimanale), per meglio precisare le finalità del trattamento e investigare più a fondo la struttura di personalità, vengono somministrate prove diagnostiche ed in particolare metodi proiettivi, oltre ad una valutazione dell’attaccamento. Partecipanti: 20 studenti universitari che si sono rivolti al SAP Clinico per una consultazione psicologica. Strumenti e misure: ai soggetti è stato applicato il test proiettivo ORT di Phillipson (1955) che è stato analizzato secondo la griglia di codifica, opportunamente modificata, denominata APS e proposta da Russ (1993) per valutare la produzione di temi affettivi distinti in differenti tipologie. Risultati: il lavoro intende analizzare la tipologia e l’andamento dei temi affettivi nei pazienti
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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