1,721,403 research outputs found
Mediastinal staging in NSCLC
No full textThe primary aim of intrathoracic staging in NSCLC is evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes involvement. Approximately 30-40% of new diagnostic of NSCLC are N2 (stage llla and lllb). Stage lllb is not surgical and for stage llla the gold standard is induction therapy followed by surgical resection if a god response is obtained.
Till few years ago CT scan and mediastinoscopy were the principal tools for staging the N factor, but has the sensitivity for 50% and mediastinoscopy was propose for the majority for cases.
Recently PET changed the criteria of staging due to his high sensitivity and specificity: 80% and 94% respectively.
So our policy of mediastinal staging of NSCLC is based on PET. If the primary tumor is positive at the PET scan but the nodes are negative we perform lung resection (lobectomy or pneumonectomy always with lynphadenectomy). If both lymph nodes and the tumor are positive at the PET scan we perform mediastinoscopy.
In the last two years we introduced a new device: EBUS-Endobronchial Ultrasound- to perform Transbronchial Needle Aspiration- TBNA- of mediastinal lymph nodes. We perform this procedure in the operating room in local anaesthesia and sedation. We consider EBUS- TBNA a successful, minimally invasive and safe diagnostic tool that may be able to replace more invesive methods in the staging of lung cancer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pathogenesis, symptoms and complications
No full textThe onset of GERD depends on several factors leading to a prolonged exposition of the esophageal mucosa to inflammatory agents. Various mechanisms play a role in different patients, but generally, decreased LES tone and delayed esophageal clearance are the major causes. Although pyrosis and regurgitation are the most frequent complaints, the patient may have different symptoms or can be asymptomatic. The symptoms are not necessarily correlated with damaged mucosa. Recognized complications caused by reflux include esophagitis, stricture, hemorrhage, Barrett's epithelium and ulceration, aspiration and respiratory implications. The severity of complications may be an important element in predicting whether the patient can be successfully treated medically or surgically. The exact knowledge of the pathogenesis is mandatory for carrying out the most effective treatment
Buttressing staple lines with bovine pericardium in lung resection for bullous emphysema.
No full textThe utility of buttressing an endoscopic mechanical stapler with strips of bovine pericardium in resection of pulmonary bullous areas was evaluated by comparing the duration of air leakage in two randomized patient groups, one with and one without buttressing. The duration of air leakage was not related to bulla size in either group but showed a linear relation with the radiologic emphysema score in both groups (p < 0.001) and was shorter when the stapler had been fitted with bovine pericardium, but significantly reduced (p = 0.019) only in patients with a high emphysema score. The duration of air leakage was thus related to emphysema score, and in patients with high scores was shortened by application of bovine pericardium to the stapler
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease : pathogenesis, symptoms and complications
No full textThe onset of GERD depends on several factors leading to a prolonged exposition of the esophageal mucosa to inflammatory agents. Various mechanisms play a role in different patients, but generally, decreased LES tone and delayed esophageal clearance are the major causes. Although pyrosis and regurgitation are the most frequent complaints, the patient may have different symptoms or can be asymptomatic. The symptoms are not necessarily correlated with damaged mucosa. Recognized complications caused by reflux include esophagitis, stricture, hemorrhage, Barrett's epithelium and ulceration, aspiration and respiratory implications. The severity of complications may be an important element in predicting whether the patient can be successfully treated medically or surgically. The exact knowledge of the pathogenesis is mandatory for carrying out the most effective treatmen
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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