1,154 research outputs found
Lumbricillus macquariensis Benham 1905
No full text‘ LUMBRICILLUS’ CF. MACQUARIENSIS BENHAM, 1905 (FIG. 8) ? Lumbricillus macquariensis Benham, 1905: 295–297, pl. XIV, figs 8, 11–13; Benham, 1915: 189–191; Benham, 1922: 6; Stephenson, 1932: 254–255, fig. 7. ? Lumbricillus intermedius Benham, 1909: 261–262, pl. X, figs 8–11. ? Pachydrilus intermedius – Michaelsen, 1924: 197–199. Type material: No information (Reynolds & Wetzel, 2019). The material is probably located in the Otago Museum, New Zealand, because Benham mentions material being deposited and registered in the Museum by a Professor Parker, who was curator of the Otago museum collections at the time. Our inquiry did not receive any response. Type locality: Macquarie Island, brackish pools, with planarians and Siphonaria limpets. Material examined: SMNH198150 (CE12483), one mature specimen, and SMNH198151–198153 (CE12484 –CE12486), three immature or semimature specimens, all collected in 2010 from South Georgia. For details of collection and GenBank accession numbers for COI barcodes and other gene sequences, see Table 1 and the Supporting Information (Table S1). Description: Length of first 15–48 segments 2.5– 7.1 mm (fixed, amputated specimens); first 15 segments 2.5–3.0 mm long; width at clitellum 0.85– 1.10 mm. Chaetae slightly sigmoid (Fig. 8A). Upper bundles dorsolateral (closer to lateral line than the ventral bundles), with four to six chaetae anterior to clitellum, and three to four chaetae in postclitellar segments, at least to segment XLVIII. Ventral bundles with (four) five to seven chaetae anterior to clitellum, and four to six chaetae posteriorly. The longest measured chaetae of each worm 135–145 µm long, ~6–7 µm wide. Epidermis loosely covered with rows of pale gland cells. Clitellum not fully developed. Head pore not observed. Coelomocytes numerous, 15–30 µm long; round, oval or spindle shaped; granulated with distinct nucleus. Paired pharyngeal glands (Fig. 8B) present in IV, V and VI, with third pair extending back into VII; each pair converging dorsally, but connections not discernible; dorsal lobes of about equal size, ventral lobes in IV–VI, increasing in size from IV to VI, absent in VII. Dorsal vessel originating in XVI–XVII, with peristomial bifurcation. Nephridia (Fig. 8C) ~110– 190 µm long, observed in 7/8–9/10 and postclitellar segments. Anteseptale small, consisting of funnel only. Postseptale oval, tapering into posteroventral efferent duct. Brain with posterior incision. Male genitalia paired (Fig. 8E). Testes originating in anterior of XI, with testis sacs forming regular lobes extending forwards into X, but these lobes are fingerlike, thats is, much thinner than those of most species of Lumbricillus. Sperm funnels in XI, in one specimen extending backwards into XII (see Fig. 8E), 425 µm long, 155 µm wide, making them about three times as long as wide; funnels tapering towards vasa deferentia. Most of vasa irregularly coiled in XII, 25 µm wide. Penial bulbs round or pear shaped, 125 µm in diameter, discharging into deep invagination of body wall (Fig. 8E). Ovaries in XII. No mature eggs observed. Spermathecae (Fig. 8D) in V, pouch shaped, with short ectal duct gradually widening into ampulla. Ampulla with thicker epithelium in the ectal parts, which transitions to thinner epithelium in the more ental parts. Ental part seemingly connected with oesophagus. No sperm observed. Spermathecae 340 µm long, 55 µm wide at the ectal duct, 120 µm wide at widest part of ampulla. Gland cells surrounding ectal duct, forming compact mass, glandular body 125 µm in diameter at its widest part. In the mature specimen, we observed only one midventral subneural gland, 190 µm long, in XIV, but said specimen was amputated and ended in this segment. Geographical distribution: Our specimens were collected from South Georgia Island, where L. macquariensis was recorded by Stephenson (1932). However, the species was originally described from specimens that came from Macquarie Island (Benham, 1905) and since then has also been reported from the Campbell and Auckland Islands (Benham, 1922), Heard and McDonald Islands (Lee, 1968) and Bishop Island (Davies et al., 1997). Remarks: Our specimens are similar to those identified as L. macquariensis by Stephenson (1932) from South Georgia Island. In the original description from Macquarie Island (which lies south of Australia and New Zealand), Benham (1905) illustrated a spermatheca with a narrow ental duct connecting the sac-like ampulla with the oesophagus. Benham (1909) described L. intermedius (from Auckland Island), which he considered as intermediate between Lumbricillus maximus (Michaelsen, 1888) and L. verrucosus, and which has a spermatheca with a small pore connecting the ampulla to the oesophagus without any narrow ental duct. However, Benham (1915) revisited his two species (L. macquariensis and L. intermedius) and concluded that they were, in fact, the same, making L. intermedius a junior synonym of L. macquariensis. He also concluded that in both samples the spermatheca did not have a narrow ental duct, but a pore connecting it directly to the oesophagus. The spermatheca illustrated by Benham (1909) is similar to that described by Stephenson (1932); both authors showed a thicker epithelium in the ectal part, much like in our specimens. This change in height of the duct epithelium and its expansion to merge with the ampulla are also reminiscent of the spermathecae of the re-examined types of L. maximus (Rota, 2001: fig. 1f). Furthermore, Stephenson and Benham noted pharyngeal glands as far back as VII, which is similar to what we observe and which distinguishes L. macquariensis from most other Lumbricillus species, except L. maximus (Rota, 2001). Such posteriad extension of the third pair of glands represents a distinct situation from the development of an extra pair of glands in VII, a character distributed erratically also in other genera otherwise characterized by pharyngeal glands in IV–VI, for example, Fridericia Michaelsen, 1889a (Rota, 2001, 2015; Schmelz & Collado, 2010). Another peculiar trait of our species is the structure of the testis sacs, which seemed at first sight to fall in the regularly lobed arrangement seen in most Lumbricillus species. However, the lobed sacs here are much thinner. This could perhaps be an indication that the sacs were not fully developed, but the developing testis sacs of, for example, L. sp. ‘Marion Is.’, from Marion Island (reported above) look completely different. It is possible that both Stephenson and Benham saw this structure but did not consider it deviant and therefore made no remarks upon it. Our specimens might well belong to the same species as those studied by Stephenson from South Georgia and, like Stephenson, we found a good correspondence with Benham’s descriptions from Macquarie Island, particularly in the deep invagination of the body wall where the penial bulb discharges. A circumpolar distribution of the species would not be implausible, because a corresponding pattern has been observed for Lumbricillus species in the Northern Hemisphere. The other possibility is that these are two or three separate but closely related species. Genetically, our ‘ Lumbricillus ’ cf. macquariensis is sister to Grania in our phylogeny, but although its morphology is dissimilar in many ways to that of most Lumbricillus (mentioned above), it is by no means closer to that of Grania. Species of Grania have a much more slender body, only one chaeta per ‘bundle’ and most often lack chaetae in several segments, and have masses of developing sperm cells and oocytes enveloped in septal distensions (seminal vesicles and ovisacs, respectively) extending backwards. In order to retain the well-defined genera Grania and Lumbricillus s.s., ‘ Lumbricillus ’ cf. macquariensis needs to be transferred to another, probably new, genus. However, owing to the unresolved taxonomy and limited number of mature specimens we leave this to future studies.Published as part of Klinth, Mårten J., Rota, Emilia, Martinsson, Svante, Prantoni, Alessandro L. & Erséus, Christer, 2022, New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species, pp. 1103-1133 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on pages 1117-1118, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab073, http://zenodo.org/record/646108
JUSTICE BENHAM RELEASED FROM HOSPITAL
No full textGeorgia Supreme Court Justice Robert Benham (J.D.’70) returned home from St. Joseph’s Hospital after suffering a heart attack. To read the complete story, see the Fulton County Daily Report (subscription required). In the News Archives section, enter the article title “Doctors Release Justice Benham from Hospital. Jonathan Ringel is the author and the article was published on 9/4/03
Portrait of the Benham Brothers
No full textPortrait of the Benham Brothers, a vaudeville dance team
which performed at the Palomar Theater, Nov. 6, 1950. Mike “Benham” Madill (L) and Frank Benham (R) are pictured.To order a reproduction, inquire about permissions, or for information about prices see:
http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/services/reproduction/reproduction
Please cite the Order NumberScanned at 600ppi with an Epson 20000 flatbed scanner. Image then rotated, cropped, level-adjusted, and sharpened using Photoshop CS3. Converted to a JPEG2000 image upon ingest into CONTENTdm
Benham and Carroll Hardware and Grocery Store, east side of public square, Brady, Texas
No full textPhotograph shows group outside the frame building on Blackburn Street. (L. to r.'' S. Austin Benham (2nd), E. L. (Buz) Ogden (7th), John Rice (8th), W. N. (Bill) Ellis (far right), and Lucille Benham (child in buggy)
BENHAM HONORED FOR ACHIEVEMENTS
No full textGeorgia Supreme Court Justice Robert Benham (J.D.\u2770), Georgia Law\u27s second African-American graduate and the high court\u27s first African-American justice, received the first Fulfilling the American Dream award from the UGA Student Government Association. To read the complete story, see News Channel 32. In the search field, enter the article title GA Supreme Court justice visits alma mater. The article was published 4/7/05, and the author is Heather Jensen
Urobenus brasiliensis Benham 1886
No full textUrobenus brasiliensis Benham BRRS0278 (4 individuals), in soil 0-20 cm depth in riparian forest with native grassland at Vinícola Almadén, Santana do Livramento /RS (-30.806795350534102 -55.38431376675352, 186 masl); 14 January 2021, M.L.C. Bartz, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, colls. Glossoscolecidae - juveniles BRRS0273 (1 individual), in soil 0-20 cm depth in agropastoral farming system, Alegrete/RS (ICL5, -29.7872222 -55.35611111, 161 masl); 18 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls.Published as part of Gillanders, Stephen M. G., Podgaiski, Luciana R., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Santos, Alessandra, Winck, Bruna, Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in natural grasslands and agropastoral systems in the Brazilian Pampa, pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.30, http://zenodo.org/record/774505
Exogone anomalochaeta Benham 1921
No full textExogone anomalochaeta Benham, 1921 Figures 4–5 Exogone anomalochaeta Benham, 1921: 24, pl. 5, figs 11–13; 1927: 62, pl. 1, figs. 9– 10; Blankestein & Lana 1986: 62, figs 30–31 San Martín & Parapar 1997: 291; Barroso et al. 2017: 403, figs. 1–2. Exogone (Parexogone) tridentata Hartmann-Schröder, 1993: 143, figs. 20–21. Material examined. Livingston Island, South Shetlands (Antarctica), id. G. San Martín, 17 February 1994, 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /1518); same location, 19 February 1994, 24 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /1518), (4 SEM); same location, 7 February 1994, 4 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /1517); same location, 30 January 1995, 1 specimen (MNCN 16.01 /3540); same location, 18 January 1995, 3 specimens (MNCN 16.01 /3541). Remarks and additions to description. The new species herein described, Exogone yagan, share the lack of spiniger-like chaetae with E. anomalochaeta, an Antarctic species. For this reason, we examined specimens deposited in the MNCNM, collected and reported by San Martín & Parapar (1997). These specimens agree with the previous descriptions, except for the absence of dorsal cirri on chaetiger 2 (Figs 4A, 5A); this character is described in the previous descriptions but in Benham 1921, fig. 11, the drawing shows dorsal cirri on chaetiger 2; at that time, the importance of the presence or absence of dorsal cirri on chaetiger 2 was not known to separate species of Exogone, and usually they were figured although not present. The compound chaetae are all thick, with distally enlarged shafts and numerous distal and subdistal spines (Figs 4C, E, G), and very short, almost included inside the distal, spinose part of the shafts, named as “gomphotric chaetae” by Benham 1921, 1927. The dorsal simple chaetae are the typical of the genus (Figs 4B, F, 5B, C, E), but some in the mid-body are distally enlarged, and having a spatulate appearance (Fig. 4D). Apparently, this species lacks ventral simple chaetae, since they have not been described by any author and we have not found these in the material examined. Barroso et al. (2017) recently redescribed this species in bases of material collected in Brazil between 749 and 1050 m depth. These specimens agree well with the Antarctic specimens, except by having ventral simple chaetae and longer proventricle (3.5–5 segments instead of 2–3 segments); it is possible that they could belong to two different species, but would be necessary more detailed studies to separate them. Habitat. In mud. Intertidal to 1000 m. Distribution. Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seas. Brazil.Published as part of Soto, Eulogio H. & Martín, Guillermo San, 2017, Exogoninae (Annelida: Syllidae) from Chilean Patagonia, pp. 521-539 in Zootaxa 4353 (3) on page 527, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/106584
Ocular dominance and subjective color perception: a study using the Fechner-Benham Visual Illusion
No full textPast research has demonstrated differences in visual processing between the dominant, or preferred eye, and the non-dominant, or less preferred eye. Researchers have accounted for these differences according to either physiological mechanisms (Porac & Coren, 1976) or behavioral preferences (Mapp, Ono, & Barbeito, 2003). The behavioral preferences account can be eliminated by examining how the eyes process visual illusions which are not expected to be influenced by prior experiences. One particular illusion, the Fechner-Benham Color Illusion, involves disks featuring black and white designs which, when rotated, produce the illusion of various subjective colors within the disks (Rosenblum, Anderson, & Purple, 1981). It was hypothesized that when viewing the Fechner-Benham Illusion with the nondominant eye, participants would exhibit longer latencies for the onset of color andwould report fewer colors compared to viewing with the dominant eye and with binocular vision. The underlying physiological mechanisms that are often regarded in subjective color perception are either described high in the visual information hierarchy, in a neurophysiological site, thus eliminating the retinal level (Rhollec & Vi�not, 1999;Robinson, 1896). Or, antagonistically, they are described as taking place within theretina in terms of an uneven distribution of photoreceptor cells (Jarvis, 1977).College Honors
Polite life, or, What is right in etiquette and the social arts /
No full textIllustrated.Mode of access: Internet
- …
