1,720,956 research outputs found
Emergency measures before the crisis? The puzzling pattern of price controls in the EU electricity market
No full textKonflikte und Handlungsspielraum von Akteuren in der Implementation europäischer Energiemarktrichtlinien–Das Beispiel Sicherheit der Stromnetze
No full textNeuere Ansätze der Europäisierungsforschung betrachten die Implementationsphase nach der Transposition europäischer Richtlinien. Unser Beitrag verwendet den Akteurzentrierten Institutionalismus, um nachzuzeichnen, wie sich Konflikte in der Implementationsphase abspielen. Kernargument ist, dass erst während der Implementationsphase erkennbar wird, welchen Wandel eine Richtlinie wirklich erzeugt. Wir illustrieren unser Argument anhand der Umsetzung der Regeln für die Sicherheit der Stromnetze aus dem dritten Energiemarktpaket in Deutschland. Ergebnis ist, dass sich Konflikte über den Strommarkt auch in der Implementationsphase fortsetzen. Die eigentlich "regulierten" Übertragungsnetzbetreiber wurden aufgrund der Informationsasymmetrie zum Regulierer, der für andere Akteure regulatorische Anforderungen definiert. Die Bundesnetzagentur schränkte diese Befugnisse der Übertragungsnetzbetreiber dahingehend ein, dass sie kleinere Stromproduzenten - vor allem erneuerbarer Energien - von diesen Anforderungen ausnahm. Die in der Implementation gefundene Lösung reflektiert daher stark die Machtbalance deutscher Akteure - obgleich es bereits das dritte Energiemarktpaket ist und der Sektor schon relativ europäisiert sein sollte.Current Europeanization research focuses on the implementation phase following the transposition of European directives. Our contribution uses actor-centered institutionalism to trace the conflicts emerging in this implementation phase. Our argument is that the true amount of change caused by a directive becomes visible only in the implementation phase. We illustrate this argument analyzing the implementation of the third energy market package in Germany. The result is that conflicts over market design continued in the implementation phase. The nominally "regulated" transmission system operators turned into regulators defining regulatory requirements for other market participants. The federal network agency curtailed these powers of the transmission system operators so that smaller producers - especially of renewable energies - were exempted. The implementation thus reflects the power balance between German actors - even though it is the third energy market package, and the sector should exhibit convergence on a European model
Self‐enforcing path dependent trajectories? A comparison of the implementation of the EU energy packages in Germany and the Netherlands
No full textSince the 1990s, the EU has attempted to create a common electricity market. However, EU legislators are unsatisfied by the results. We argue that differentiated implementation of directives over time creates path dependencies that entrench national differences. The actor constellation of parties and incumbent operators at the beginning of the liberalization path determines how well countries implement liberalizing directives. The implementation, in turn, changes the actor constellation for the next directive, increasing or decreasing the institutional power of incumbents. We illustrate our argument analyzing the implementation of the first three energy market packages in Germany and the Netherlands. Both countries had similar electricity markets at the beginning of market liberalization, but their actor constellation was slightly different. German implementation gradually strengthened vertically integrated utilities, while Dutch implementation dismantled these utilities through unbundling. These paths became self‐reinforcing, counteracting European harmonization efforts
Bundesnetzagentur und Energiepolitik: Bedeutung und Perspektiven des EuGH-Urteils zur Unabhängigkeit der Behörde
Full text linkNationale Regulierungsbehörden nehmen mit ihren Entscheidungen direkt und indirekt Einfluss auf die weitere Integration des europäischen Binnenmarktes. Entsprechend stellt die Unabhängigkeit der Regulierungsbehörden eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Durchsetzung eines level playing field dar. Der Artikel erläutert die Folgen des EuGH Urteils (C-718/18, 02.09.2021), das bei der Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA) eine mangelnde Unabhängigkeit von staatlichen Stellen feststellt, was im Widerspruch zu den Bestimmungen der Europäischen Energiemarktrichtlinien steht
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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