1,721,037 research outputs found
Abstract 4209: Inhibitory activity of lichen secondary metabolite, physciosporin, against lung cancer cell motility
No full textAbstract
Lichens produce various unique chemicals that can be used for pharmaceutical purposes. To screen for novel lichen secondary metabolites showing inhibitory activity against lung cancer cell motility, we tested acetone extracts of 13 lichen samples collected in Chile. Physciosporin, isolated from Pseudocyphellaria coriacea (Hook f. & Taylor) D.J. Galloway & P. James, was identified as an effective compound and showed significant inhibitory activity in migration and invasion assays against human lung cancer cells. Physciosporin treatment reduced both protein and mRNA levels of N-cadherin with concomitant decreases in the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers such as snail and twist. Physciosporin also suppressed KITENIN (KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin)-mediated AP-1 activity in both the absence and presence of epidermal growth factor stimulation. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of the metastasis suppressor gene, KAI1, was increased while that of the metastasis enhancer gene, KITENIN, was dramatically decreased by physciosporin. Particularly, the activity of 3'-untranslated region of KITENIN was decreased by physciosporin. Moreover, Cdc42 and Rac1 activities were decreased by physciosporin. These results demonstrated that the lichen secondary metabolite, physciosporin, inhibits lung cancer cell motility through novel mechanisms of action.
Citation Format: Yi Yang, Young Hyun Yu, Hyung-Ho Ha, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Kyung-Sub Moon, Kyung Keun Kim, Hangun Kim. Inhibitory activity of lichen secondary metabolite, physciosporin, against lung cancer cell motility [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4209. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4209</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Abstract 5113: Usnic acid, lichen secondary metabolite, inhibits glioblastoma progression through the reduction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and glioma stemness factors
No full textAbstract
Background: Usnic acid (UA), an active compound mainly found in lichens, has shown some anti-tumoral activities for lung and breast cancers. The therapeutic role of UA in glioblastoma (GM) have not yet been determined, nor has the definitive relationships of UA with EMT and cancer stem cells.
Methods: We tested the anti-tumoral activities of UA against glioblastoma (GM) progression and further investigated the mechanistic link with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness factors. The targeting and anti-tumor effect of UA was also checked in orthotopic mouse glioma model.
Results: In vitro assay, we found that UA increased apoptotic cell death and inhibited the invasion/migration of GM cells. Sphere and colony forming abilities were also decreased in treated GM cells. UA decreased the expression of the EMT markers (N-cadherin, ZEB1, ZEB2, SNAIL and SLUG) and the cancer stemness markers (CD133, ALDH1 and CD44). In orthotopic mouse glioma models, UA localized in GBM and significantly decreased tumor growth and progression to lead longer survival.
Conclusion: Taken together, these findings showed that UA prevent GBM invasiveness and progression, through the down-regulation of EMT and cancer stemness markers.
Citation Format: Kyung-Hwa Lee, Se-Jeong Oh, Shin Jung, Kyung-Keun Kim, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Kyung-Sub Moon. Usnic acid, lichen secondary metabolite, inhibits glioblastoma progression through the reduction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and glioma stemness factors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5113. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5113</jats:p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Abstract 3177: KITENIN leads to resistance against temozolomide through enhancement of cancer stemness factors in mouse glioma model
No full textAbstract
Background: Recently, a new research spotlighted the role of KITENIN (KAI1 COOH-terminal interacting tetraspanin) on glioma invasiveness and progression, associated with the up-regulation of EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and cancer stemness markers. In this study, furthermore, it is investigated whether KITENIN leads to resistance against TMZ through enhancement of cancer stemness factors using mouse glioma model.
Materials and Methods: TMZ-resistant T98G cell line (T98G/TR) was developed. EMT and cancer stemness markers and KITENIN expression were assessed by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. With KITENIN modulated U251 (knockdown) and GL261 (overexpression) cells, cell viability and apoptotic cell death factors after TMZ treatment were evaluated. Biological role of KITENIN on TMZ-resistance was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunofluorescence analysis for tumor sections of orthotopic glioma model. Using human glioma samples and primary cells, the mechanistic link between KITENIN and cancer stemness factors was confirmed.
Results: T98G/TR cells showed increased expression of the KITENIN and EMT and cancer stemness factors. Also, In vitro assays revealed that KITENIN knockdown inhibited cell viability against TMZ treatment, whereas KITENIN overexpression promoted their viability, via apoptotic cell death pathway. In orthotopic glioma models, mice implanted with KITENIN-overexpressed cells showed resistance to TMZ on MRI and histopathological examination. The expression of KITENIN/ALDH1 or KITENIN/CD44 were co-localized and significantly higher in tumor sections of mouse transplanted with KITENIN-overexpressed cells than in tumor sections of mouse transplanted with control cells. Genetic down-regulation of KITENIN for KITENIN-overexpressed cell line and primary glioma cells led decreased expression of ALDH1 and CD44. In human glioma samples, high expression of KITENIN was closely related with high expression of ALDH1.
Conclusion: KITENIN affects TMZ-resistance in malignant gliomas through induction of ALDH1 and CD44. Therefore, it could be suggested that KITENIN is therapeutic target to overcome TMZ-resistance of malignant gliomas.
Citation Format: Kyung-Hwa Lee, Eun-Jung Ahn, Shin Jung, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Kyung-Keun Kim, Kyung-Sub Moon. KITENIN leads to resistance against temozolomide through enhancement of cancer stemness factors in mouse glioma model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3177. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3177</jats:p
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