1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Development Of Novel Matrices For Biomolecule Immobilisation On Sensor Surfaces
Full text linkThe development of a novel protocol for the covalent immobilisation of biomolecules containing primary amines using either polythiol compounds or novel, inexpensive and simple polymers is presented in this thesis. When developing biosensors, the method used for the immobilisation of the sensing elements is very important. The immobilisation needs to be fast, cheap and most importantly should not affect the biorecognition activity of the immobilised receptor. The chemistry used for the immobilisation is based on the well known reaction between primary amines and thioacetal groups, formed upon reaction of o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and thiol compounds. Initially the possibility to use this chemistry to immobilise receptors and develop biosensors was proved using commercially available polythiol compounds. Such compounds can be irreversibly adsorbed, creating self-assembling monolayers (SAMs), on noble metal transducer surfaces. These SAMs were immobilised on Biacore surface plasmon resonance (SPR) gold chips and then used to study kinetic of biomolecules interactions and to detect cells. A general protocol suitable for the immobilisation of enzymes and antibodies such as anti-prostate specific antigen (anti-PSA) and anti-Salmonella typhimurium antibody was optimised. Kinetic data were obtained for PSA binding to anti-PSA antibody and they were compared to the results obtained using commercially available Biacore chips, CM1. For Salmonella typhimurium cells, a detection limit of 5 × 106 cells ml-1 with minimal non-specific binding of other biomolecules was obtained. An interesting capability shown by these SAMs, in contrast with commercially available chips, was the opportunity to immobilise any proteins, even those with very low or high isoelectric points, pI. In addition protein immobilisation was achieved with a simple step, without requirement of any activation. These findings make this immobilisation technique a very promising alternative to peptide bond formation for amine coupling.
Even though, the developed SAMs showed to be useful for certain type of applications (kinetic study and detection of very large analyte), it was clear that due to a combination of factors (e.g. limited and steric hindrance), they were not suitable for the development of biosensors good enough for practical applications. Therefore to overcome the drawbacks shown by polythiol SAMs, a novel 3-D polymer was developed. The main advantage of this polymer is the tridimensional (3D) network, which, after
immobilisation, ensures the availability of a high percentage of receptor binding sites. As the polythiol SAMs, also the 3-D polymer contains thioacetal groups, which do not need any activation to react with primary amines in proteins. The novel 3-D polymer also contains thiol derivative groups (disulphide groups or thioethers) that promote self-assembling on metal surfaces. As before, the polymer was immobilised on SPR gold chips and the resulting layer was characterised using contact angle meter, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry. Contact angle demonstrated that the immobilisation of polymer on sensor surface produced a relatively hydrophobic surface. The thickness of polymer layer was determined by applying ellipsometry, whereas AFM showed the change of surface roughness after polymer attachment. A general protocol suitable for the immobilisation of BSA, enzymes and antibodies such as polyclonal anti-microcystin-LR and monoclonal anti-prostate specific antigen (anti-PSA) antibody was then optimised. The affinity characteristics of developed immunosensors were investigated in reaction with microcystin-LR, and PSA. The calculated detection limit for analytes depended on the properties of the antibodies. The detection limit for microcystin-LR was 10 ng ml
and for PSA 0.05 ng ml. The 3-D polymer chips were stored for up to 2 months without any noticeable deterioration in their ability to react with proteins. The performance of 3-D polymer chips were also compared with commercially available Biacore chips, as CM5. The main advantages were found to be the low cost, the possibility to immobilise biomolecules at physiological pH (pH 7.4), the lack of any activation step for biomolecules immobilisation and the opportunity to immobilise proteins with very different pI (also very low pI).
Despite the successful detection of PSA achieved in buffer (detection limit 0.05 ng ml-1) using 3-D polymer chips, the detection of proteins in serum resulted to be very challenging due to the complex nature of the matrix, which contains a high content of many different compounds. Different techniques were applied in order to reduce the non specific adsorption of serum on 3-D polymer sensors with antibodies immobilised on the surface. Satisfactory results were finally obtained by including the surfactant P20 into the measuring system. The detection of PSA in serum using 3-D polymer sensors, however, became possible only by switching from a direct detection to a ‘sandwich detection’. In this sandwich format, after injecting samples of PSA (prepared both in buffer or 20%
serum) onto a specific antibody (capture-Ab, C-Ab) immobilised on the 3-D polymer surface, the analytical signal is recorded by injecting a second specific Ab (detection-Ab, prepared in PBS), which recognises a different epitope of the antigen. With this format, the analytical signal is recorded in absence of any complex matrix, avoiding interference from non specific adsorption. The detection limit for PSA, obtained using the sandwich immunosensor (developed on 3-D polymer chips) was 0.1 ng ml-1 in buffer and 5 ng ml-1 in 20% serum, which is very close to the sensitivity necessary for detection of the prostate biomarker in real samples. Therefore this study has demonstrated the opportunity to apply the novel 3-D polymer for development of biosensors suitable for applications in real samples
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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