1,720,954 research outputs found
Ethnic and dose-dependent differences in atropine efficacy for myopia control: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground/aim Clinical uncertainty remains regarding optimal atropine concentration, treatment duration and potential differences in efficacy for myopia control between Asian and non-Asian children. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of different concentrations of atropine for myopia control, comparing outcomes among East Asian, South Asian and white European children. Methods Five databases were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) including children ≤16 years with myopia who received atropine treatment. 34 RCTs with ≥12 months of follow-up were included. Weighted mean differences (WMD) in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) progression and axial length (AL) elongation were pooled by atropine concentration and ethnicity. Results Compared with controls, atropine significantly reduced myopia progression across all concentrations: <0.1% (WMD in SER: 0.44 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.52) dioptres (D)/year; AL: −0.20 (95% CI −0.24 to −0.16) mm/year), 0.1% to <0.5% (0.81 (95% CI 0.50 to 1.13) D/year) and ≥0.5% (1.06 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.24) D/year; −0.36 (95% CI −0.40 to –0.33) mm/year). The pooled effect on SER and AL progression across all concentrations was greater in East Asians (0.63 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.76) D/year; −0.26 (95% CI −0.31 to −0.20) mm/year) than in South Asians (0.40 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.70) D/year; −0.13 (95% CI −0.21 to −0.05) mm/year) or white Europeans (0.18 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.25) D/year; −0.11 (95% CI −0.16 to −0.05) mm/year). Conclusion Atropine slows myopia progression in a dose-dependent manner in studies with 1–5 years. Efficacy appears greater in Asian children, particularly East Asians, who also exhibit greater photopic pupil dilation. These findings support the role of atropine in myopia control and highlight the importance of ethnicity-specific considerations when prescribing and tailoring treatment strategies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Interaction between indoor and outdoor lighting conditions and accommodation stimuli on ocular biometry
Get PDFPurpose : To investigate the impact of different lighting conditions, accommodative stimuli, and their interaction on ocular biometry. Methods : Twenty healthy young adults (6 myopes, 14 emmetropes; mean age 20.6 (range, 19-22) years) participated in the study. After a 10 min washout period of viewing a target >4 m away, participants were exposed to 30 min indoor ambient lighting (≤1000 lux) without any accommodative stimulus (0 D). Following this, they were exposed sequentially to 10 min of 3 D and 5 D accommodative stimuli with a washout period of 10 min in between the two stimuli. The same protocol was repeated for outdoor ambient lighting (≥10,000 lux) on a different day. Axial length (AL) and sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured using Lenstar LS900 before and immediately following each experimental condition. All data were collected between 9 am and 1 pm. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the main effects and interaction of lighting and accommodative stimuli on changes in ocular biometry. All results are reported as average ±SEM. Results : Both SFCT and AL showed main effect of accommodation (0, 3, 5 D) and lighting conditions (indoor, outdoor). A significant interaction between lighting and accommodation was found for the changes in SFCT (P<0.05) but not for AL (P=0.821). In unaccommodated eyes, SFCT showed a mean difference of 13.8±2.9 µm (P<0.001) between outdoor and indoor lighting conditions, whereas, under 3 D and 5 D of accommodation, the difference was 5.6±3.1 µm (P=0.095) and 3.4±3.1 µm (P=0.286). Equally, the mean differences in SFCT between different accommodative stimuli were higher for outdoor lighting (0–3 D: 14.9±2.4 µm, P<0.001; 0–5 D: 22.1±2.6 µm, P<0.001; 3–5 D: 7.2±2.1 µm, P=0.01) compared to indoor lighting (0–3 D: 6.8±2.1, P<0.05; 0–5 D: 11.67±3.18 µm, P<0.01; 3–5 D: 4.9±2.9, P=0.308) (Fig. 1). Change in ocular biometry was not different among myopes and emmetropes. Conclusions : Outdoor lighting for 30 min can induce choroidal thickening relative to indoor lighting in unaccommodated eyes. Outdoor lighting shows a protective effect against choroidal thinning induced by both 3 D and 5D of accommodative stimulation. This abstract was presented at the 2025 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Salt Lake City, Utah, May 4-8, 2025
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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