1,720,980 research outputs found
TRENDS OF INTRA-FACILITY BIRTHS OUTCOMES BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 ERA IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA
Full text linkBackground While substantial progress had been made in reducing maternal deaths, there was a risk that the COVID-19 pandemic might have reversed the progress made in maternal and newborn health in the last two decades. As such, maternal and newborn outcomes had been a topic of interest during the pandemic. Objectives This study aimed to compare the number of childbirths as an indicator of maternal health service utilization and to assess maternal and newborn outcomes before COVID-19 (2011-2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020/2021) in 22 health facilities in Dar es Salaam. Methodology A retrospective cohort study was conducted at 22 health facilities in Dar es Salaam from March to June 2022, involving pregnant women who attended these health facilities from 2011 to 2021. Data were manually extracted from the District Health Information Software in Dar es Salaam regional office. Simple descriptive analysis was conducted using whole numbers. The number of childbirths was presented in absolute numbers, while maternal mortality was presented as a ratio. Neonatal mortality, stillbirth, and cesarean section rates were also presented. The year was considered the exposure of interest; 2019 was assumed to represent the period before the pandemic, whereas 2020 to 2021 represented the pandemic period. Simple linear graphs were used to show the outcomes of interest in specific years. The comparison of means between the pre COVID-19 and during COVID-19 era was done using a paired sample t-test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, and all calculations considered 5% as the test of significance. Results Between 2011 and 2021, a total of 888,375 childbirths occurred in 22 Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania supported health facilities. The first year of the COVID-19 outbreak in Tanzania (2020) saw an 11% decline in childbirth volume compared to the preceding v year (2019), but this decrease was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.47, paired sample t-test). During the COVID-19 era, worrisome trends emerged in maternal and newborn health. The cesarean section rate, stillbirth rate, neonatal mortality rate, and maternal mortality ratio all increased when compared to the two years before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is essential to underscore that despite these observed increases, none of these alterations yielded statistical significance within the given dataset. Conclusion COVID-19 outbreak had both direct and indirect effects on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It was observed that during COVID-19, there was a decrease in childbirth volume, an increase in the caesarean section rate, an increased neonatal mortality rate, an increased number of stillbirths, together with an increased maternal mortality ratio. As Tanzania continues to implement public health measures to curb different pandemics, including COVID-19 and Ebola, different strategies and guidelines need to be implemented to combat the direct and indirect effects of these pandemics on maternal and perinatal outcomes
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section with Spinal Anesthesia at Muhimbili National Hospital
No full textIntroduction: Spinal anesthesia is a common regional anaesthesia for cesarean sections, causing 80% of patients to develop hypotension. Preventing hypotension involves intravenous uid preloading, left uterine displacement, gravity, compression stocking, and vasopressors. This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients developing hypotension and the risk factors for hypotension during spinal anesthesia in pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section at Muhimbili National hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital\u27s Obstetric theatre, involving patients who received spinal anaesthesia during cesarean section from August 2021 to January 2022. The study excluded patients with sedation, anti-hypertensive, pregnancy-induced hypertension, modied Bromage score, or combination anesthesia. Data was collected, analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Results: A study of 300 pregnant patients found that 33.3% of them underwent elective cesarean sections, while 66.7% experienced emergency cesarean sections. 92% received 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine, while 8% received 5% heavy Lidocaine. Hypotension was the most common symptom during cesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia, with risk factors including preload of crystalloids less than 10 mls/kg and absence of wedge and sensory height block levels.
Conclusion: Hypotension is a common complication in pregnant patients with spinal anesthesia, requiring proactive management strategies considering factors like local anesthetic choice, sensory block, and preload volume
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
