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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
담즙 내 미생물과 항생제 감수성의 변화
No full text학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의학과, 2012. 2. 김선회.Background: Rapidly changing medical environment may have changed microbiology of infected bile. The aim is to identify changing trends of microorganisms, and to examine the susceptibilities of the organisms against currently recommended antibiotics in biliary infection.
Methods: All bile cultures done between 1998 and 2010 at Seoul National University Hospital, a tertiary center, were reviewed. 3,425 organisms were isolated from 2,217 cultures carried out in 1,403 patients. The results of cultures were reviewed for types of organism and antibiotics susceptibilities.
Results: The 5 most frequently isolated organisms were Enterococcus (22.7%) followed by Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter in decreasing order (13.2%, 10.9%, 10.3%, 7.2%, respectively). The trend of annual incidence showed growing emergence of Enterococcus (P<.001). Among Enterococcus, proportion of E. faecium has become dominant (50.6%) with yet growing tendency (P=.026). Also incidence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) showed increasing trend (P<.001). Many commonly used antibiotics demonstrated inadequate coverage for the frequently encountered organisms. Multiple regression revealed that benign causes of obstruction and non-operative treatment harbor more risk for enterococcal growth (P=.001 and P=.027, respectively).
Conclusions: Unlike previous reports, Enterococcus has emerged as the most frequently isolated organism from bile. The importance of enterococcal infection should be recognized. Furthermore, reevaluation of currently recommended antibiotics is needed as most of them showed inadequate coverage of the frequently encountered organisms in bile. The changes and trend of microbiology in bile demonstrated by the current study should be taken into consideration when confronting biliary obstruction in clinical practice. Escherichia와 Klebsiella가 담도 폐쇄 시 담즙에서 흔히 동정되는 균으로 알려져 있다. 허나 근래의 의료환경은 급변하고 있고 이는 담즙 내 미생물 환경에도 영향이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 담도 폐쇄에 동반된 감염 시 담즙 내 미생물의 변화를 살펴보고 현재 사용하는 항생제에 대한 이 미생물들의 감수성을 분석하고자 한다.
서울대학교병원에서 1998년부터 2010년까지 시행된 담즙미생물배양검사를 검토하여 1,403명으로부터 시행된 2,217개의 배양검사에서 3,425개의 미생물을 확인하였다. 이 미생물의 종류를 확인하고 이들의 담도계 감염에서 흔히 사용되는 항생제에 대한 감수성 검사 결과를 조사하였다.
빈도상 상위 5가지 미생물은 빈도 순으로 Enterococcus, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter였다(22.7%, 13.2%, 10.9%, 10.3%, 7.2%). 매년 동정빈도의 변화를 살펴보면 Enterococcus가 유의한 증가 추세를 보이고 있었다(P<.001). 그 중 E. faecium의 비율이 50.6%로 가장 높았고 비율의 변화도 지속적인 증가추세를 보였다(P=.026). VRE의 빈도 역시 증가추위를 보였다(P<.001). Ampicillin-sulbactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ertapenem, 3세대 cephalosporin, quinolone계열처럼 현재 흔히 사용되는 항생제의 대부분은 상위 5가지 미생물에 대한 효과가 불충분했다. 특히 Enterococcus에 대한 감수성이 다수의 항생제에서 불량했다. 다만 streptomycin은 Enterococcus의 다양한 종에서도 감수성이 우수했다. 나머지 4가지 미생물에 대해서는 amikacin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam이 우수한 감수성을 보였으나, Pseudomonas에 대한 imipenem과 meropenem의 감수성이 유의하게 감소하는 추세를 보였다(P<.001과 P=.015).
기존의 보고들과는 달리 Enterococcus가 현재 담즙에서 가장 빈번히 동정되는 미생물로 부상하였으므로 Enterococcus 감염의 심각성을 인지해야 한다. 또한 현재 문헌에서 추천되는 항생제의 대부분이 담즙 내 미생물에 대하여 비효율적이기 때문에 이 항생제들에 대한 임상적 재평가가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 임상에서 담즙폐쇄가 동반된 감염 환자의 치료 방침 결정 시 본 연구를 통해 관찰된 미생물과 항생제 감수성의 변화가 고려되어야 할 것이다.Maste
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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