1,721,014 research outputs found
Fluidic Self-Assembly Transfer Technology for Micro-Led Display
No full textIn this paper, we present a demonstration of high yield Fluidic Self-Assembly (FSA) technology to transfer gallium nitride (GaN) microchips which can be used for Micro-LED display. The low melting point alloy on the substrate and the metal electrode of the chip were assembled in heated solution by a simple shaking motion. More than 19,000 blue GaN microchips with 45um in diameter were precisely assembled at 99.90% yield within 1 min. At the chip sizes below 50um, this dramatic improvement in assembly yield was achieved by using a new assembly solution and chip designs. This low cost and fast demonstration has proven that FSA is a suitable mass transfer technology which is applicable to Micro-LED display after some further development.N
One-step generation of drug-releasing microarray for high-throughput screening of sequential drug combinations
No full textThis paper reports a miniaturized platform for high-throughput, pipetting-free screening of sequential combinatorial drugs. Self-assembly of encoded drug-laden microparticles (DLPs) on the array of microwells enables the bottom-up formation of heterogeneous drug releasing microarray with a single pipetting. Face-to-face assembly of the cell chip and the drug chip allows releasing of the drug in each microwell, and simple replacement of the drug microarray achieves multi-step combinatorial drug treatment. Proposed technique does not need an automatic liquid handler for the whole procedure. For the validation, screening of sequential combination, EGFR inhibitor followed by DNA damaging agents, against TNBC was demonstrated
Optimization of peripheral blood volume for in silico reconstitution of the human B-cell receptor repertoire
No full textB cells recognize antigens via membrane-expressed B-cell receptors (BCR) and antibodies. Similar human BCR sequences are frequently found at a significantly higher frequency than that theoretically calculated. Patients infected with SARS-CoV2 and HIV or with autoimmune diseases share very similar BCRs. Therefore, in silico reconstitution of BCR repertoires and identification of stereotypical BCR sequences related to human pathology have diagnostic potential. Furthermore, monitoring changes of clinically significant BCR sequences and isotype conversion has prognostic potential. For BCR repertoire analysis, peripheral blood (PB) is the most convenient source. However, the optimal human PB volume for in silico reconstitution of the BCR repertoire has not been studied in detail. Here, we sampled 5, 10, and 20 mL PB from the left arm and 40 mL PB from the right arm of two volunteers, reconstituted in silico PB BCR repertoires, and compared their composition. In both volunteers, PB sampling over 20 mL resulted in slight increases in functional unique sequences (FUSs) or almost no increase in repertoire diversity. All FUSs with a frequency above 0.08% or 0.03% in the 40 mL PB BCR repertoire were detected even in the 5 mL PB BCR repertoire from each volunteer. FUSs with a higher frequency were more likely to be found in BCR repertoires from reduced PB volume, and those coexisting in two repertoires showed a statistically significant correlation in frequency irrespective of sampled anatomical site. The correlation was more significant in higher-frequency FUSs. These observations support the potential of BCR repertoire analysis for diagnosis.N
Batch Fabrication of Nanopillars for Autonomous Nanofluidic SERS Arrays
No full textResearch was supported by DARPA. One of the authors(MSP) was supported by th (DOD) National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowshi
Optofluidic maskless lithography system
No full textWe propose and demonstrate an optofluidic maskless lithography technique to fabricate various polymer microparticles and microwires in microfluidic channels. Combining maskless lithography and microfluidic systems, we demonstrate temporal and spatial control of polymeric micro structure generation in microfluidic channels
A High-Throughput Single-Clone Phage Fluorescence Microwell Immunoassay and Laser-Driven Clonal Retrieval System
No full textPhage display is one of the most frequently used platform technologies utilized to screen and select therapeutic antibodies, and has contributed to the development of more than 10 therapeutic antibodies used in the clinic. Despite advantages like efficiency and low cost, it has intrinsic technical limitations, such as the asymmetrical amplification of the library after each round of biopanning, which is regarded as a reason for it yielding a very limited number of antigen binders. In this study, we developed a high-throughput single-clonal screening system comprised of fluorescence immunoassays and a laser-driven clonal DNA retrieval system using microchip technology. Using this system, from a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library displayed on phages with a complexity of 5.21 × 105 harboring random mutations at five amino acid residues, more than 70,000 clones—corresponding to ~14% of the library complexity—were screened, resulting in 78 antigen-reactive scFv sequences with mutations restricted to the randomized residues. Our results demonstrate that this system can significantly reduce the number of biopanning rounds, or even eliminate the need for this process for libraries with lower complexity, providing an opportunity to obtain more diverse clones from the library
QMAC-DST for Rapid Detection of Drug Resistance in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Multicenter Pre–Post Comparative Study
No full textBackground/Objectives: This study explores the impact of QMAC-DST, a rapid, fully automated phenotypic drug susceptibility test (pDST), on the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) patients. Methods: This pre–post comparative study, respectively, included pulmonary TB patients who began TB treatment between 1 December 2020 and 31 October 2021 (pre-period; pDST using the Löwenstein–Jensen (LJ) DST (M-kit DST)) and between 1 November 2021 and 30 September 2022 (post-period; pDST using the QMAC-DST) in five university-affiliated tertiary care hospitals in South Korea. We compared the turnaround times (TATs) of pDSTs and the time to appropriate treatment for patients whose anti-TB drugs were changed based on these tests between the groups. All patients were permitted to use molecular DSTs (mDSTs). Results: A total of 182 patients (135 in the M-kit DST group and 47 in the QMAC-DST group) were included. The median TAT was 36 days for M-kit DST (interquartile range (IQR), 30–39) and 12 days for QMAC-DST (IQR, 9–15), with the latter being significantly shorter (p < 0.001). Of the total patients, 10 (5.5%) changed their anti-TB drugs based on the mDST or pDST results after initiating TB treatment (8 in the M-kit DST group and 2 in the QMAC-DST group). In the M-kit DST group, three (37.5%) patients changed anti-TB drugs based on the pDST results. In the QMAC-DST group, all changes were due to mDST results; therefore, calculating the time to appropriate treatment for patients whose anti-TB drugs were changed based on pDST results was not feasible. In the QMAC-DST group, 46.8% of patients underwent the first-line line probe assay compared to 100.0% in the M-kit DST group (p < 0.001), indicating that rapid QMAC-DST results provide quicker assurance of the ongoing treatment by confirming susceptibility to the current anti-TB drugs. Conclusions: QMAC-DST delivers pDST results more rapidly than LJ-DST, ensuring faster confirmation for the current treatment regimen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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