1,720,968 research outputs found
The Japanese Employment Relations in Transition
No full textIn exploring why and to what extent the Japanese model of participatory employment relations has changed at the turn of the century, this article criticizes prevalent paradigms of political economy, specifically the paradigms of the neoliberals and the institutionalists, instead proposing a theoretical alternative, that of agents' reflexivity in international competition. Contrary to the institutionalist arguments for the path-dependent persistence of a national model, the concepts of lifetime employment and seniority in Japan have changed from being sources of competitiveness to objects and conditions for reform. Additionally, in contrast to the neoliberals' expectations based on the universal relevance of liberal markets, the Japanese adjustments do not converge towards the American liberal market model, but instead generate new divergences inspired but not determined by foreign competitors.N
Markets, Institutions, and Politics under Globalization,
No full textBy investigating U.S. and German industrial adjustments, in particular, the dynamic process of transformation in the U.S. and German automotive industries, this article seeks to reconceptualize the market and politics. Although the U.S. and German automotive industries showed a strikingly similar pattern of industrial adjustments, such as deintegration of in-house production, lean production, and closely interactive market relations, these seemingly converging markets differ from the neoliberal paradigm. Although the U.S. and German markets diverge in solving conflicts emerging in the newly established markets, their differences are not predetermined by particular cultures or institutions found in each country. This article claims that market rationality and market governance are not predetermined by an abstract, universally relevant market rationality or by cultural and institutional heritages, rather that the market rationality and its governance are continuously constituted by agents' discursive politics.N
Associations, Civic Norms and Democracy: Revisiting the Italian Case
No full textBy exploring associational life in early modern Italy, which the arguments of neo-Tocquevillians such as Robert Putnam explore, this article critically reconsiders the effects of associations upon democracy. By revealing how rich associational life resulted in the establishment of Fascism, I argue that associations do not necessarily contribute to the stabilization of democracy. In order to account better for meanings of associations, I emphasize transformation of identities of associations in a political and ideological context.N
National Model under Globalization: The Japanese Model and Its Internationalization
No full textThis paper investigates how and why the Japanese model has undergone changes in the context of its internationalization, during which foreign countries, particularly the U.S. and Germany, adopted Japanese methods, departing from their own traditional models at the turn of the twentieth century. By examining the dynamicprocesses of these transformations in national models, this paper critically reviews prevalent paradigms of neoliberalism and institutionalism, proposing an alternative of "mutual learning by reflexive agents." By exploring the dynamic processes of the Japanese model's internationalization and transformation, in which the Japanese model fell into crisis and underwent transformation in the changed context of international competition caused by the internationalization of the Japanese model, this paper proposes a new conception of "mutual learning by reflexive agents" in the context of international competition, in which agents, inspired by foreign competitors, critically reconsider their own institutions and, in turn, generate a new divergence in the process of creative learning.N
INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES AND STABILITY OF SCHOTTKY CONTACTS ON (NH4)(2)S-X-TREATED N-TYPE AND P-TYPE IN0.5GA0.5P
No full textA study on the interface properties of Schottky contacts on (NH4)(2)S-x-treated n- and p-type In-0.5 Ga0.5P is carried out. The effects of sulfur (S) treatment on Schottky barrier height are investigated by employing capacitance-voltage and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. It is also demonstrated that the passivation effects of S treatments on the interface traps can be monitored by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements. It is observed that the S treatment increases the dependence of Schottky barrier height on the metal work function. The interface traps in the Schottky contact formed by the heat treatment are found to give their energy state above midgap. It is found that the S treatment can passivate these interface traps as well as suppress their generation under the heat treatment. For both n- and p-In0.5Ga0.5P, contact-related majority carrier traps, which are different from the thermally generated interface traps, are observed at the Al-In0.5Ga0.5P interface and they can be annealed out by a heat treatment at 350 degrees c. It is also found that the I-V characteristics of Au/InGaP diodes formed on the S-treated surface degrade more rapidly than those formed on the untreated surface. Through cross-sectional transmission electron microscope observation, this poorer electrical reliability of Au contact on S-treated surfaces is attributed to the enhanced intermixing of group III elements with Au. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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