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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
An Unintentional Defense of the Indeterminacy of Meaning?
No full textMarkus Werning attempts to refute Quine’s thesis that meaning is indeterminate. To this purpose he employs Hodges’ theorem about extensions of cofinal meaning functions. But the theorem does neither suffice to solve Quine’s problem nor the problem Werning mistakenly identifies with Quine’s. Nevertheless it makes sense to employ the methods used in Werning’s paper with regard to Quine’s thesis, only that they tell in favour of the thesis instead of against it.publishe
Counterparts und Qualitäten
No full textDavid Lewis hat vorgeschlagen, Modalaussagen de re durch die sogenannte "Counterpart-Relation" zu deuten. Demnach ist es möglich für ein Individuum eine Eigenschaft P zu besitzen gdw. es einen Counterpart des Individuums gibt der die Eigenschaft P besitzt. Counterparts sind dabei mögliche Individuuen.Eine alternative Behandlungsweise derselben Sätze findet sich in der sogenannten Kripke-Semantik. Demnach ist es möglich für ein Individuum eine Eigenschft P zu besitzen, gdw. es eine zugängliche mögliche Welt gibt, in der das Individuum die Eigenschaft P hat. Counterpart-Semantik ist flexibler und scheint metaphysisch weniger voraussetzungsreich (sie setzt z.B. nicht voraus, daß Individuen in verschiedenen möglichen Welten existieren). Die Kripke-Semantik hat dagegen Vorteile in der Semantik der natürlichen Sprache: sie beruht auf den Kernannahmen der sogenannten "Möglichen-Welten-Semantik", des bisher ertragreichsten Frameworks auf dem Gebiet der linguistischen Semantik. Counterpart-Semantik ist hingegen (so wie sie bisher vorliegt) mit diesen Annahmen kaum vereinbar.Ich argumentiere daher für eine Synthese dieser beiden Ansätze. Zunächst motiviere ich die Counterpart-Semantik und verteidige sie gegen den sogenannten Humphrey-Einwand. Dann revidiere ich sie, um den wichtigsten internen Problemen zu begegnen, die sie besitzt.Schliesslich entwickele ich eine Semantik, die formal eine Kripke-Semantik ist, deren wichtigster Begriff "Wahrheit in einer Repräsentation" aber geeignet ist, die Ideen der Counterpart-Semantik einzufangen.Im ganzen Buch spielt der Begriff der qualitativen Eigenschaft eine zentrale Rolle; er wird schliesslich präzisiert und im letzten Kapitel eingesetzt, um die Grenzen des überhaupt Ausdrückbaren zu bestimmen.publishe
Conceivability and the A Priori
No full textDavid Chalmers claims that there is (i) a sense of “conceivable” in which conceivability directly implies metaphysical possibility and (ii) a sense in which it implies epistemic possibility. We have reason to doubt this thesis. First, the proposed ambiguity cannot account for some basic examples; even in the context of a natural reading of the famous zombie argument none of the two senses really seem to be appropriate. Second, a proper analysis of conceivability does not validate the claim that conceivability always implies some kind of possibility. “It is conceivable that S” is not ambiguous and merely implies that it is epistemically possible that S is not inconsistent. Finally I show how to square the weakness of these implications with the fact that thought experiments sometimes inform us of what we should rationally believe to be possible.publishe
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