1,721,402 research outputs found
Kuo-hsin Chen eye-level view, undated
No full textBlack-and-white photograph of Kuo-hsin Chen shelving books. The captions on the reverse of the image read, "Kou-hsin Chen History", "Chen Kuohsin", and "Monte." The stamp on the reverse of the image reads, "Taylor Publishing Co. JOB NUMBER 02764; PICT. NO. 6; PAGE NO. 239; THE U. OF CHATTANOOGA; CHATTANOOGA, TENN.
Kuo-hsin Chen eye-level view, undated
No full textBlack-and-white photograph of Kuo-hsin Chen shelving books. The captions on the reverse of the image read, "Kou-hsin Chen History", "Chen Kuohsin", and "Monte." The stamp on the reverse of the image reads, "Taylor Publishing Co. JOB NUMBER 02764; PICT. NO. 6; PAGE NO. 239; THE U. OF CHATTANOOGA; CHATTANOOGA, TENN.
Reliability-Based Design for External Stability of Narrow Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls: Calibration from Centrifuge Tests
No full textPrebiotic effects of agal-oligosaccharides on bifidobacteria and its application in fermented milk
No full text本研究探討海藻寡糖對雙叉桿菌及產氣莢膜梭菌生長之影響，並應用於牛乳發酵上，檢測發酵過程中發酵乳之菌數、酵素及抗氧化性之變化。首先，探討海菜寡糖、紫菜寡糖、石花菜寡糖、龍鬚菜寡糖及石蓴寡糖等五種海藻寡糖對於 B. adolescentis BCRC 14606、B. breve BCRC 11846、B. bifidum BCRC 14615、B. infantis BCRC 14602、B. lactis Bb-12 與 B. longum BCRC 14634 六株雙叉桿菌生長之影響，研究結果顯示，B. lactis Bb-12 於含有 1% 紫菜寡糖之 PY 培養基中生長情況最佳，其在 OD650nm 吸光值為 0.26 (p < 0.05)。另外，接著進行紫菜寡糖與常見的果寡糖、異麥芽寡糖及半乳寡糖益菌助生質對於 B. lactis Bb-12 之助生性比較，在 48 小時中，紫菜寡糖寡糖最大菌數可較培養初期之7.3 log CFU/mL增加 0.8 log CFU/mL，果寡糖處理組、異麥芽寡糖處理組與半乳寡糖處理組卻可分別增加 1.2、1.8 與 1.6 log CFU/mL。在各寡糖處理組對有害菌之產氣莢膜梭菌生長試驗方面，單獨培養時，紫菜寡糖會限制產氣莢膜梭菌對其之利用；而與 B. lactis Bb-12 共培養時，各寡糖處理組在 12 小時後產氣莢膜梭菌菌數會自接種初期之6 log CFU/mL顯著地下降到 4 log CFU/mL 以下，而雙叉桿菌數卻仍可維持在 8 log CFU/mL。接著將紫菜寡糖應用於發酵乳方面，添加 1% 紫菜寡糖於牛乳中並接種 B. lactis Bb-12 進行發酵，發酵過程中菌數比未添加寡糖及添加 1% 異麥芽寡糖之處理組高，其菌數較發酵初期增加了 1.8 log CFU/mL，此外，添加紫菜寡糖之發酵乳中的α-半乳糖苷酶酵素活性可由 0 nM/ml whey/hr增加到 23.55 nM/ml whey/hr，但在 36 小時後α-半乳糖苷酶降到 10.91 nM/ml whey/hr；而添加紫菜寡糖之發酵乳在三種抗氧化能力方面會隨著發酵時間的增加而增加，其中螯合亞鐵離子能力可由初期之 0.6% 增加到發酵 48 小時的 30%；清除 DPPH 自由基能力則由發酵初期之 3.2% 增加到發酵 48 小時的 59.2%；而清除過氧化氫之能力則可由發酵初期之 1% 增加到發酵 48 小時的 49%。The abilities of six bifidobacteria isolates, which are B. adolescentis BCRC 14606, B. breve BCRC 11846, B. bifidum BCRC 14615, B. infantis BCRC 14602, B. lactis Bb-12 and B. longum BCRC 14634, to utilize five different agal oligosaccharides of Monostroma nitidum, Geledium, Gracilaria, Ulva and Porphyra were studied, with regard to production of bacterial cell mass. Porphyra oligosaccharides supported best growth of B. lactis Bb-12. Then, the prebiotic effect of Porphyra oligosaccharides cultured with B. lactis Bb-12 was compared to commercial prebiotics such as fructo-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides. The total counts of B. lactis Bb-12 in the treatment of Porphyra oligosaccharides was increased from 7.3 log CFU/mL to 8.1 log CFU/mL, but in the treatments of fructo-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides the total counts were increased to 1.2, 1.8 and 1.6 log CFU/mL, respectively. The growth of Clostridium perfringens BCRC 10913 cultured alone in the treatment of Porphyra oligosaccharides was lower than in another treatment of oligosaccharides (p < 0.05). In vitro experiment showed the changes of total counts on C. perfringens co-cultured with B. lactis Bb12. The total counts of Clostridium perfringens were decreased significantly in co-cultured experiment with different oligosaccharides. The highest colony counts of B. lactis Bb12 were obtained in fermented milk with 1% Porphyra oligosaccharides. The activity of α- galactosidase was increased from 0 nM/ml whey/hr to 23.55 nM/ml whey /hr but it was decreased to 10.19 nM/ml whey/hr after 36 hours. However, the antioxidant activities were increased with fermentation time. The ferrous ion chelating activity of fermented milk with 1% Porphyra oligosaccharides was increased from 0.6% to 30% with the fermentation time. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of fermented milk with 1% Porphyra oligosaccharides was increased from 3.2% to 59.2% with the fermentation time. The hydrogen peroxide radical-scavenging activity of fermented milk with 1% Porphyra oligosaccharides was increased from 1.0% to 49.0% with the fermentation time.審定書……………………………………………………………… i
謝誌………………………………………………………………… ii
中文摘要…………………………………………………………… iii
英文摘要…………………………………………………………… iv
壹、前言…………………………………………………………… 1
貳、文獻整理……………………………………………………… 2
一、非消化性寡糖……………………………………………… 2
(一) 非消化性寡醣的生理特性 …………………………… 2
(二) 益菌助生質 …………………………………………… 3
(三) 益菌助生質的種類 …………………………………… 6
1.果寡糖…………………………………………………… 6
2.半乳寡糖………………………………………………… 6
3.異麥芽寡糖……………………………………………… 8
二、海藻………………………………………………………… 9
(一) 簡介 …………………………………………………… 10
1. 海菜 …………………………………………………… 10
2. 紫菜 …………………………………………………… 10
3. 石花菜 ………………………………………………… 11
4. 龍鬚菜 ………………………………………………… 11
5. 石蓴 …………………………………………………… 12
(二) 物理化學特性 ………………………………………… 12
(三) 海藻寡糖 ……………………………………………… 13
三、雙叉桿菌 ………………………………………………… 13
(一)簡介 …………………………………………………… 13
(二) 生理活性 ……………………………………………… 15
1. 改善乳糖不耐症 ……………………………………… 15
2. 維持腸道正常菌相 …………………………………… 15
3. 避免酸中毒 …………………………………………… 16
4. 改善便秘 ……………………………………………… 16
5.預防腹瀉………………………………………………… 16
6. 降低血清膽固醇 ……………………………………… 17
7. 合成維生素 …………………………………………… 17
8. 幫助鈣與鎂吸收 ……………………………………… 17
9. 抗氧化能力 …………………………………………… 18
四、實驗架構…………………………………………………… 19
参、材料與方法…………………………………………………… 20
一、實驗材料…………………………………………………… 20
(一) 原料 …………………………………………………… 20
(二) 藥品及培養基 ………………………………………… 20
(三) 主要儀器設備 ………………………………………… 22
(四)菌株來源………………………………………………… 22
二、試驗方法…………………………………………………… 23
(一) 五種不同海藻寡糖對於六株雙叉桿菌生長之影響 … 23
1. 菌株之保存與活化 …………………………………… 23
2. 助生性研究 …………………………………………… 23
(二) 紫菜寡糖與常見寡糖對於B. lactis Bb-12之生長之影
響………………………………………………………… 24
1. 菌數變化 ……………………………………………… 24
2. pH值變化 ……………………………………………… 24
3. 可滴定酸度變化 ……………………………………… 24
(三) 產氣莢膜梭菌接種於不同寡糖處理組中之生長情況
………………………………………………………… 24
(四) 三種寡糖進行雙叉桿菌及產氣莢膜梭菌共培養之情況
………………………………………………………… 25
1.菌數變化………………………………………………… 25
2. pH值變化………………………………………………… 26
(五) 添加異麥芽寡糖及紫菜寡糖於牛乳中之情況 ……… 26
1. 菌數變化 ……………………………………………… 26
2. pH 值變化……………………………………………… 27
3. 可滴定酸度變化 ……………………………………… 27
4. 酵素變化 ……………………………………………… 27
5. 抗氧化測定 …………………………………………… 27
(1) 還原力測定 ………………………………………… 27
(2) 螯合亞鐵離子能力之測定 ………………………… 28
(3) 清除DPPH自由基能力之測定 ……………………… 28
(4) 過氧化氫清除效應 ………………………………… 28
(六) 統計分析 ……………………………………………… 29
肆、結果與討論 ………………………………………………… 30
ㄧ、五種不同海藻寡糖對於六株雙叉桿菌生長之影響……… 30
(一) 五種不同海藻寡糖對於B. adolescentis BCRC 14606
生長之影響……………………………………………… 30
(二) 五種不同海藻寡糖對於B. bifidum BCRC 14615 生長
之影響…………………………………………………… 30
(三) 五種不同海藻寡糖對於 B. breve BCRC 11846 生長
之影響 ………………………………………………… 33
(四) 五種不同海藻寡糖對於 B. infantis BCRC 14602生
長之影響………………………………………………… 33
(五) 五種不同海藻寡糖對於B. lactis Bb-12生長之影
響………………………………………………………… 33
(六) 五種海藻寡糖對於B. logum BCRC 14634生長之影
響 ……………………………………………………… 36
二、紫菜寡糖與常見寡糖對於B. lactis Bb-12之生長之
影響 ……………………………………………………… 41
三、產氣莢膜梭菌接種於不同寡糖處理組中之生長情
況…………………………………………………………… 43
四、三種寡糖進行雙叉桿菌及產氣莢膜梭菌共培養之情
況…………………………………………………………… 47
五、添加異麥芽寡糖及紫菜寡糖於牛乳中之情況…………… 52
(一) 生長情況 ……………………………………………… 52
(二) 發酵乳中半乳糖酶活性之變化 ……………………… 55
(三) 添加不同寡糖之發酵乳中抗氧化能力之測定 ……… 57
1. 還原力測定 …………………………………………… 58
2. 螯合亞鐵離子能力測定 ……………………………… 59
3. 清除DPPH自由基能力之測定 ………………………… 62
4. 清除過氧化氫 ………………………………………… 65
伍、結論…………………………………………………………… 67
陸、參考文獻……………………………………………………… 6
A New N-Heterocyclic (NHC) Biscarbene Ligand: Synthesis and Catalytic Activities of Bis-gold(I) Complex and Bis-iridium(I) Complexes
No full text本論文探討新型飽和含氮雜環雙碳烯金屬錯合物的合成、結構解析以及其催化的應用。雙鎢錯合物之雜環氮上烷基化得到氮取代雙鎢錯合物，遂利用已開發的方法將含氮雜環碳烯骨架從鎢金屬轉移至金和銥金屬，分別得到雙金碳烯錯合物和雙銥碳烯錯合物。
將重氮化合物與三苯基膦反應形成膦亞胺中間體，遂與六羰鎢[W(CO)6]藉由兩次分子內環化而得到雙碳烯鎢金屬錯合物，藉由X光單晶繞射分析其晶體結構。雙鎢錯合物之雜環氮上烷基化得到氮取代雙鎢錯合物，將其和[ClAu(Me2S)]反應得到雙金錯合物，藉由質譜分析，其結構為一價金被兩個碳烯所鍵結，形成一穩定錯合物，卻降低其催化活性。另一方面，氮取代雙鎢錯合物與[Ir(COD)Cl]2反應，經由碳烯與羰基同時轉移至銥金屬，即合成出一雙銥錯合物，藉由HR-FAB證實其分子式。藉由三苯基膦置換銥中心的羰基和氯基，順利得到碳烯銥金屬錯合物之雙膦衍生物，藉由X-ray單晶繞射確定其結構。
雙銥錯合物可以應用於氫轉移反應的催化劑，特別是利用醇與胺化物反應的N-烷基化，均展現其優良的催化活性。雙銥錯合物催化對位和間位苯二胺的N-烷基化反應上，相較單核碳烯銥金屬錯合物或其他銥金屬錯合物具有較高的選擇性與活性。因此藉由雙銥錯合物的催化，可以成功從苯二胺與醇類分子製備對應的雙二級胺產物。相似條件下，於鄰位苯二胺的N-烷基化反應會直接由分子內環化得到2-苯基苯并咪唑(2-phenylbenzimidazole)；若於反應環境中使用氫氣，可以抑制分子內環化，而成功得到鄰苯二胺的雙二級胺產物。除了使用苯甲醇外，各類醇類也能用於此系統上。除此之外，雙銥錯合物也能催化含氮雜環之二級胺的N-烷基化反應得到三級胺產物。In this work, we have synthesized gold(I) and iridium(I) metal complexes containing a new bis-N-heterocyclic carbene donor. The desired complexes were obtained via a known carbene-transfer method. Thus, reaction of the bis-azido compound m-C6H4(CH2NHCH2CH2N3)2 (2) with triphenylphosphine followed by the treatment of W(CO)6 yielded the bis-carbene tungsten complex 4 and the structure was further confirmed by X-ray crystal structural determination. Alkylation of 4 with benzyl bromide provided the N-substituted NHC complex 5. Upon the reaction of the N-substituted NHC complex with [(Me2S)AuCl], the carbene fragment readily transferred from tungsten to the gold center and provided a bis-gold complex 6. A bis-Ir(I) carbene complex 7 was prepared via the reaction of 5 with [Ir(COD)Cl]2. Substitution of 7 with triphenylphosphine yielded the bis-phosphine iridium carbene complex 8. Complex 8 was confirmed by X-ray crystal structural analysis to illustrate a bis-iridium frame-work of the complex. Employment of these bis-iridium carbene complexes on the catalytic N-alkylation of phenylenediamines with various alcohols was examined. It appears that the iridium carbene complex 7 shows good catalytic activity on this N-alkylation reaction. Furthermore, N-alkylation of heterocyclic amine with benzyl alcohols could be achieved by the similar catalytic conditions
Preparation of High Surface Area Mesoporous Ni2xCe1−xO2 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.13, 0.2) and Its Applications in Methane Steam Reforming
No full textCopyright © 2013 Kuo-Hsin Lin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The present study proposes a novel reverse precipitation procedure, which is different from the conventional precipitation method, for the synthesis of ultra high surface area mesoporous CeO2 at various conditions. Mesoporous Ni2xCe1−xO2 (x = 0.05, 0.13, 0.2) is also synthesized for use in the methane steam reforming reactions. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts and catalytic activity tests for the steam reforming of methane are also investigated. In the present study, the preparation of high surface area mesoporous CeO2 is proposed, which successfully enables control over the surface area. The results showed that the highest surface area of mesoporous ceria reached 695 m 2 /g. Tests on long-term catalytic activities indicated that Ni0.4Ce0.8O2 exhibited a much greater stability and activity for the steam reforming of methane than the others. Further, the present work also found that the amount of mobile oxygen increased simultaneously as the nickel content in the proposed catalysts due to the synergistic effects of structural nickel species to the oxygen vacant sites at the vicinity of the surface. Using the proposed new method, mesoporous ceria can be utilized more extensively in many ways, including as a three-way catalyst, as an electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells, in reforming reaction, and in some other practical applications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dynamic Demand-side Management with User's Privacy Concern in Residential Community
No full text近年來，節能減碳的議題逐漸引起世人的關注，如何減少能源之消耗成為各國關注的焦點。因此能夠即時因應用電需求做更改、提供需求端管理的智慧電網將成為未來電力網路的趨勢。透過智慧電網與需求端管理，不但可有效減少家中用電支出還可同時降低電力負載的波動性。其中，在智慧電網架構下，一個能夠即時因應環境變化及使用者偏好提供最佳節能策略之系統將扮演非常重要的角色。於本論文中，將於智慧電網架構下，同時考慮再生能源、儲能設備與時間電價進 行〝日常活動排程之最佳化〞以節省居家用電支出。另一方面於住宅型社區中，在不洩漏個別使用者生活隱私之條件下，所有家庭可共同合作進行電力需量管理，在可接受之個別家庭電費增加限度下最小化電力負載的波動性，使最高用電峰值下降低並可使社區與電力公司協議更為適合之契約容量，使個別家庭需繳交之總體電費仍有效地減少，同時提升電力公司對於電能管理之效率。本研究的主要貢獻有以下兩點：第一，為了因應使用者進行活動之不確定性，我們改良了傳統的粒子群最佳化演算法，使其運算時間大幅減低，當使用者臨時不依照決策結果進行活動或是環境資訊發生變化，能在最短的時間內告知使用者未來最適當之活動順序及電池使用方式。第二，在社區節能方面，我們認為保護住戶隱私應優先於社區節能之成效，因此設計一套分散式的系統架構，透過特別之資訊傳遞演算法，使得住戶個人之用電習慣及生活型態不會洩漏，同時整個系統又能掌握所需之資訊進行社區之多目標節能最佳化問題。In smart grids, demand-side management (DSM) plays an important role betweencustomers and utility company, since it can reduce the total electricity cost of each customer meanwhile alleviating the aggregate peak-to-average ratio (PAR) of utility of a customer community subject to real-time pricing (RTP) policy. Moreover, a good DSM system should also be able to react quickly when users do not take its advice or when the environment state changes. This works aims at making the DSM system dynamic, which means that the proposed DSM can reschedule the order of activities in nearly real-time whenever the original schedule is no longer feasible due to the aforementioned situations. In our problem formulation, each home is assumed to be connected a renewable energy resource, say, photovoltaic (PV) system, and is equipped with an energy storage device so that the scheduling can be made more flexible. Thus, besides the case where the original recommended schedule is not followed by the user, another case where the solar power distribution changes from what was predicted also initiates the rescheduling under the dynamic DSM. In addition, for a residential community composed of multiple homes, keeping the privacy of lifestyle for each home is also an issue which is as important as energy saving, and therefore a “cooperative architecture” is also formulated so as to transfer only the necessary information but hide all the details of power consumption of each home. The simulation results show that the proposed DSM system not only reduces the cost in individual home but also reschedule quickly whenever there is a need, while making a tradeoff between cost and PAR with privacy concern in a residential community
- …
