1,720,985 research outputs found
Load-responsive skin systems for lightweight architecture
No full textThis paper attempts at defining a novel method for designing integrated building skins taking inspiration from nature, where construction happens as an additive growth process with coherent development of form, structure and performance. The research focuses on the hierarchical structure of bones to challenge the current design paradigms of lightweight architecture. A skin system with highly specific material distribution has been conceived with the use of Additive Manufacturing to efficiently provide structural resistance. A method which encompasses computational design workflow, fabrication experiments and performative assessment of full-scale prototypes produced with Additive Manufacturing is described herein. Algorithms for topology optimization of freeform shapes are employed to determine the material organization as well as a performative matrix for the creation of a custom lattice microstructure defined as Functionally Graded Lattice Structures (FGLS), a system of load-responsive interconnected struts with spatially varying characteristics. Through experiments at different scales the viability of the hierarchical load-bearing envelope is demonstrated as a construction system for free-form lightweight constructions. In conclusion, it is discussed how bio-inspired design strategies contribute significantly to define role-models for catalyzing the potential offered by emerging fabrication technologies in architectur
Load-responsive skin systems for lightweight architecture
No full textThis paper attempts at defining a novel method for designing integrated building skins taking inspiration from nature, where construction happens as an additive growth process with coherent development of form, structure and performance. The research focuses on the hierarchical structure of bones to challenge the current design paradigms of lightweight architecture. A skin system with highly specific material distribution has been conceived with the use of Additive Manufacturing to efficiently provide structural resistance. A method which encompasses computational design workflow, fabrication experiments and performative assessment of full-scale prototypes produced with Additive Manufacturing is described herein. Algorithms for topology optimization of freeform shapes are employed to determine the material organization as well as a performative matrix for the creation of a custom lattice microstructure defined as Functionally Graded Lattice Structures (FGLS), a system of load-responsive interconnected struts with spatially varying characteristics. Through experiments at different scales the viability of the hierarchical load-bearing envelope is demonstrated as a construction system for free-form lightweight constructions. In conclusion, it is discussed how bio-inspired design strategies contribute significantly to define role-models for catalyzing the potential offered by emerging fabrication technologies in architecture
Load-Responsive Cellular Envelopes with Additive Manufacturing
Get PDFThe last decades have been marked by a growing concern over scarcity of resources caused by the rapid industrialization of emerging economies as well as by the high material consumption at a global scale. These changing environmental conditions have inevitably created new challenges and demands for mediation of the interaction between the natural and the human-made environments. In response to these challenges, designers are currently moving away from conventional top-down design, towards a nature-inspired approach in search of the underlying principles of morphogenesis and materialization inherent to biological entities. Inscribed in this approach, this paper proposes an innovative design-to-fabrication workflow for the conception of nature-inspired load-responsive skin systems which integrates the use of computational tools, Additive Manufacturing, and material experiments with full-scale prototypes. The design phase employs custom algorithms to determine an optimal material distribution for free-form architectural shapes, given a specific loading condition. Through fabrication tests at different scales, the viability of a production system based on Fused Deposition Modelling is demonstrated. Subsequently, the realization of a final prototype of a load-responsive cellular envelope cladded with Fiber-Glass Reinforced Plastic is presented. Opportunities and current limitations of the approach and the emerging architectural system are critically discussed towards future developments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Robotic assembly for reversible timber construction
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALEIl cambiamento climatico è una delle sfide più importanti della società contemporanea. Il mondo delle costruzione è largamente responsabile per le emissione di anidride carbonica nell'atmosfera che causano il riscaldamento globale. Aldilà di affermazioni simboliche, i progettisti di oggi sono chiamati a prendere coscienza di questo problema e concepire nuovi modi di progettare e realizzare edifici, al fine di salvare il pianeta e le generazioni future.
Per fronteggiare questa emergenza, serve approcciare in modo sinergico i vari elementi costitutivi dell’ambiente costruito. In questo spirito, la tesi guarda all’ecosistema contemporaneo di materiali e tecnologie innovative, combinando l'uso del più sostenibile materiale da costruzione, il legno, con i più recenti avanzamenti in automazione, attraverso l'applicazione dei robot collaborative e della progettazione computazionale.
Un nuovo approccio per un architettura in legno viene introdotta partendo dalla concettualizzazione di un processo per la manifattura stratificata di strutture, aiutata da bracci robotici intelligenti. L'obiettivo e’ avanzare la costruzione in legno tramite l'utilizzo di configurazioni tettoniche complesse informate da logiche di assemblaggio robotico, ottimizzazione materica e topologica, assieme al design combinatoriale. Con l'integrazione di un sistema di costruzione universale e l'interazione tra uomo e robot, le strutture architettoniche acquisiscono maggiore efficienza, reversibilità e capacità di aggiornarsi ed evolversi nel tempo.
Sviluppi in termini di tecnologia materiale e di fabbricazione, combinati a nuovi processi di progettazione e automazione sono applicati alla produzione di prototipi costruiti che dimostrano un approccio inedito, che contribuisce positivamente a ridurre la quantità di anidride carbonica nell'atmosfera ispirandosi a principi di economia circolare.Climate change is the most challenging emergency that our society is facing. The building industry, combining construction and operations, is largely responsible for emissions of carbon dioxide, which contribute significantly to global warming. Beyond symbolic statements, architects are required to transform the way our buildings are designed, constructed and used in order to save our planet and future generations.
To face this emergency and make a difference, we need to approach synergetically the multifold elements which constitute our built environments. In this spirit, the thesis looks at the current ecosystem of material and technology, combining the use of the most sustainable construction material, timber, with the most recent advancements in automation, by the use of collaborative robotics and computational design.
A novel approach to wood architecture is presented, starting from the conceptualization of a new process for robotic layered manufacturing. The aim is advancing construction through complex tectonic configurations which are informed by logics of robotic assembly, topology and material optimization, and combinatorial design. With the integration of a universal construction kit and human-robot interaction, structures gain higher efficiency, reversibility and capacity to update and evolve their configuration in time.
Developments in material and fabrication technology, as well as a new design and assembly process, are applied into the production of construction prototypes, which demonstrate a carbon-negative approach to architecture inspired by principles of a circular economy
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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