122,250 research outputs found
Studies associating blastocystis sp. tocolorectal cancer Vinoth s/o Kumarasamy
No full textCancer has become a vital public health issue around the world. Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. Numerous reports have correlated infectious agents and cancer including CRC. Infectious agents are known to contribute to 20% of CRC. Recent findings have demonstrated the possible correlation between Blastocystis and CRC with many conflicting reports on the question of pathogenicity of different subtypes of Blastocystis. To improve our understanding on the molecular epidemiology of this parasite, we determined the Blastocystis subtypes (STs) and their relative frequency in CRC patients and control groups. Epidemiological studies related to Blastocystis often give poor results due to poor sensitivity of standard methods available to detect Blastocystis genotypes in the stool sample. As such,
prevalence study was conducted using colonic washouts collected from CRC patients and healthy individuals. The mean prevalence of Blastocystis infection was significantly
higher among CRC patients (n=43, 21.08%) compared to healthy control (n=22, 9.95%, p < 0.01) and subtype 3 was predominant (12.75%) among these individuals. We also
investigated immunoglobulin levels in Blastocystis positive patients who were newly diagnosed with CRC as well as those subjected to chemotherapy. We found the high infection in both newly diagnosed CRC patients and chemotherapy patients with the elevation of specific antibodies. One healthy individual who was negative for Blastocystis both by direct microscopy and in in vitro cultures had higher IgM titers
(1:1600) and 4 showed low titres of IgG antibody. A total of 11 healthy individuals were positive for IgG. Significant number of healthy individuals showed the presence of IgA with the exception of one individual who showed the presence at low titers. The finding showed the presence of association between immune response to Blastocystis
antigen and CRC. In addition, we also evaluated the effect of solubilized antigen isolated from five different subtypes of Blastocystis on colon cancer cells, HCT116 and
peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. Evaluation of gene expression of cytokines, nuclear transcription factors and apoptotic genes in colon cancer cell and immune cells in the presence of Blastocystis was carried out. The proliferation analysis and gene expression findings in the present study implicate a possible pathogenic role for subtype 3 Blastocystis. The inhibitory effect was seen to be higher in PBMCs isolated from CRC patients compared to healthy volunteers which suggests that
Blastocystis infection may prevent immune cell propagation to combat the infection. Besides that, the parasite’s influence on the cytotoxic activity of chemotherapy drugs during cancer treatment was also assessed in this study. We designed an in vitro model to specifically analyse the effect of Blastocystis on chemotherapy drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colon cancer cells, HCT116 and normal colon fibroblast cells, CCD18-Co. 5-FU caused a dose-dependent increase in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. However, the inhibitory effect was reduced in the presence of Blastocystis antigen at 8μM and 10μM of 5-FU. We speculate that Blastocystis antigen could interfere with the efficacy of 5-FU cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. Blastocystis induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, gene transcription factors and angiogenic factors that resulted in resistance of cancer cells against 5-FU. Further validation of the pathogenicity of Blastocystis was carried out using experimental animal models induced with carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM). Increased crypts formation and increased colorectal dysplasia and elevated level of oxidative damage were observed in the presence of Blastocystis infection. The study underscores the importance of including Blastocystis infection in routine parasitological investigation among CRC patients especially when it can be easily be acquired from contaminated water, food and possibly from animals
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Correction: One-step coelectrodeposition-assisted layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide and its self-healing three-dimensional nanohybrid for an ultrasensitive DNA sensor
No full textCorrection for ‘One-step coelectrodeposition-assisted layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide and its self-healing three-dimensional nanohybrid for an ultrasensitive DNA sensor’ by Jayakumar Kumarasamy, et al., Nanoscale, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06952a. The names of two of the co-authors are given incorrectly in the published article. “Jayakumar Kumarasamy� should instead be listed as “Kumarasamy Jayakumar�, and “Dharuman Venkatraman� should instead be listed as “Venkataraman Dharuman� as shown in the corrected author list above. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Maternal insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 differentially affect the renin-angiotensin system during pregnancy in the guinea pig
No full textLink to a related website: https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au:443/vital/access/services/Download/uon:16992/ATTACHMENT02, Open Access via UnpaywallAbstract not availablePrue Standen, Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri, Robyn Taylor, Gary Heinemann, Jamie V. Zhang, Amanda R. Highet, Kirsty G. Pringle, Julie A. Owens, Vasumathy Kumarasamy, Eugenie R. Lumbers, Claire T. Robert
Data for "Reducing High Flows and Sediment Loading through Increased Water Storage in an Agricultural Watershed of the Upper Midwest, USA"
No full textThe data uploaded here include: (1) ArcGIS shapefiles of the delineated water retention sites, the finely resolved subbasins used for the SWAT model, and the coarsely resolved subbasins used for contributing area measurements; (2) contributing area data; and (3) SWAT output for all scenarios, including the baseline scenario.Climate change, land clearing, and artificial drainage have increased the Minnesota River Basin’s (MRB) stream flows, enhancing erosion of channel banks and bluffs. Accelerated erosion has increased sediment loads and sedimentation rates downstream. High flows could be reduced through increased water storage (e.g., wetlands or detention basins), but quantifying the effectiveness of such a strategy remains a challenge. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate changes in river discharge from various water retention site (WRS) implementation scenarios in the Le Sueur watershed, a tributary basin to the MRB. We also show how high flow attenuation can address turbidity issues by quantifying the impact on near-channel sediment loading in the watershed’s incised reaches. WRS placement in the watershed, hydraulic conductivity (K), and design depth were varied across 135 simulations. The dominant control on site performance is K, with greater flow reductions allowed by higher seepage rates and less frequent overflowing. Deeper design depths enhance flow reductions from sites with low K values. Differences between WRS placement scenarios are slight, suggesting that site placement is not a first-order control on overall performance in this watershed. Flow reductions exhibit power-law scaling with exceedance probability, enabling us to create generalized relationships between WRS extent and flow reductions that accurately reproduce our SWAT results and allow for more rapid evaluation of future scenarios. Overall, we show that increasing water storage within the Le Sueur watershed can be an effective management option for high flow and sediment load reduction.Minnesota Department of Agriculture with support from the Clean Water Legacy FundNational Science Foundation grant EAR-1209402National Science Foundation grant ENG-1209445US Department of Agriculture NRCS (69-3A75-14-269)Minnesota Agricultural Water Resources Center319 Grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency via the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (70549)Mitchell, Nate A; Kumarasamy, Karthik; Cho, Se Jong; Belmont, Patrick; Dalzell, Brent; Gran, Karen. (2018). Data for "Reducing High Flows and Sediment Loading through Increased Water Storage in an Agricultural Watershed of the Upper Midwest, USA". Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/D6296D
Carcinogenic effects of N-nitroso-3-(substituted phenylimino)-indolin-2-one derivatives
No full textAim: A novel series of N-nitroso-3-(substituted phenylimino)-indolin-2-one 3a-h was synthesized and tested for carcinogenic effects. Materials and Methods: The synthesized pyrazole derivatives′ chemical structures were proved by means of their infra red (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), and mass,and confirmed by elemental analyses. The carcinogenic activity was assessed by 3-(4,5dimethyl thiazole-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) cell-viability assay. Results: The results show that most of the synthesized compounds exhibit significant carcinogenic activities. Among the synthesized compounds, N-nitroso-3-(2,4-dinitrophenylimino)-indolin-2-one 3h exhibited the most potent carcinogenic activity. Conclusion: The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies show that the nature as well as the position of the amine are important for deciding the activity profile of the indolin-2-one derivatives, which reiterates the need for further experimental investigations
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
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