541 research outputs found
Determination of Quantum Capacitance of Niobium Nitrides Nb2N and Nb4N3 for Supercapacitor Applications
No full textThe density of states and quantum capacitance of pure and doped Nb2N and Nb4N3 singlelayer and multi-layer bulk structures are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The calculated value of quantum capacitance is quite high for pristine Nb2N and decent for Nb4N3 structures. However for cobalt-doped unpolarized structures, significant increase in quantum capacitance at Fermi level is observed in the case of Nb4N3 as compared to minor increase in case of Nb2N. These results show that pristine and doped Nb2N and Nb4N3 can be preferred over graphene
as the electrode material for supercapacitors. The spin and temperature dependences of quantum capacitance for these structures are also investigate
Edible Packaging: Mechanical Properties and Testing Methods
No full textTraditionally people use food packaging materials from nonrenewable sources such as plastics obtained from petroleum. The traditional food packaging materials play a significant role in the total plastics consumption of the world. They are nonbiodegradable, cause environmental pollution, and large carbon adds to water footprint in their manufacturing process. Subsequently, this leads to a heavy dependence on nonrenewable resources. Reducing the amount of nonrenewable material by biodegradable and renewable sources of packaging holds the potential to improve waste disposal and decrease the cost of packaging and overall product. The need for alternatives to petrochemical-based plastics is more than ever. The current trend in food packaging calls for the utilization of natural, “environment-friendly” materials, which also have some additional functional properties wherever possible and with some cost benefit. Biodegradable packaging is a very good alternative packaging and a specialized type of biodegradable packaging, that is, the “edible packaging,” is a very good alternative as they also have some other benefits like enhancing shelf life, maintaining the freshness of foods, and can be eaten along with the food without altering the original organoleptic characteristics of the food. The two main considerations with the use of edible packaging can be understood from its name itself, which are firstly “edible,” it means the package is an integral part of the food and may or may not be consumed together with the product and hence should have all the necessary properties. At present, 12 types of edible films are approved by FDA and commercially used, which are made up of materials like polysaccharides, lipids, cellulose, chitosan, starch (potato, corn, wheat, rice), hemicellulose, hydrocolloids like gums (guar, pectin) and alginates, and plant and animal proteins. Secondly, the material chosen should have all the properties to protect the food from the outer environment, provide a good barrier against light, water vapor, other gases, and also have the required mechanical strength to protect the food against damages incurred during storage, transportation, and handling
The Effect of Modifications of Activated Carbon Materials on the Capacitive Performance: Surface, Microstructure, and Wettability
No full textIn this review, the efforts done by different research groups to enhance the performance of the electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), regarding the effect of the modification of activated carbon structures on the electrochemical properties, are summarized. Activated carbon materials with various porous textures, surface chemistry, and microstructure have been synthesized using several different techniques by different researchers. Micro-, meso-, and macroporous textures can be obtained through the activation/carbonization process using various activating agents. The surface chemistry of activated carbon materials can be modified via: (i) the carbonization of heteroatom-enriched compounds, (ii) post-treatment of carbon materials with reactive heteroatom sources, and (iii) activated carbon combined both with metal oxide materials dan conducting polymers to obtain composites. Intending to improve the EDLCs performance, the introduction of heteroatoms into an activated carbon matrix and composited activated carbon with either metal oxide materials or conducting polymers introduced a pseudo-capacitance effect, which is an additional contribution to the dominant double-layer capacitance. Such tricks offer high capacitance due to the presence of both electrical double layer charge storage mechanism and faradic charge transfer. The surface modification by attaching suitable heteroatoms such as phosphorus species increases the cell operating voltage, thereby improving the cell performance. To establish a detailed understanding of how one can modify the activated carbon structure regarding its porous textures, the surface chemistry, the wettability, and microstructure enable to enhance the performance of the EDLCs is discussed here in detail. This review discusses the basic key parameters which are considered to evaluate the performance of EDLCs such as cell capacitance, operating voltage, equivalent series resistance, power density, and energy density, and how these are affected by the modification of the activated carbon framework
Ultrasonic modulated rice bran protein concentrate: Induced effects on morphological, functional, rheological, and thermal characteristics
No full textThe effect of low frequency (20 kHz) ultrasonication at varying amplitude (20%, 30%, 40% for 30 min) on the morphological, functional, rheological, and thermal characteristics of rice bran protein concentrate (RBPC) from three different rice varieties: Pusa Basmati- 1509, 1121 and Sugandha were undertaken for the study. Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed that sonication treatment changed the microstructure of RBPC as some pores appeared on the smooth particles surface and more disordered structures compared to the untreated sample. Sonication treatment decreased mean particle size, D[4,3] from 89.77 μm (untreated) to 64.34 μm (20% amplitude), and increased surface hydrophobicity significantly (p < 0.05), from 1.34 ± 0.0080 (untreated) to 1.65 ± 0.0081 (20% amplitude) of 1121 RBPC variety. The FTIR analysis showed that sonication treatment altered RPBC secondary structure as β sheets, and random coils increased while reducing α-helix and β-turns. Sonication treatment at a lower amplitude of 20% made RBPCs brighter in color as lightness, redness, and yellowness values increased. The results showed that sonication treatment has improved the foaming capacity (FC), foaming stability (FS), and oil binding capacity (OBC) of all RBPC varieties. The FC increased significantly from 34.10 ± 0.27 (untreated) to 50.13 ± 0.98 (30% amplitude), FS (60 min) from 21.19 ± 0.63 (untreated) to 44.20 ± 0.26 (30% amplitude), and OBC from 1.42 ± 0.05 (untreated) to 1.61 ± 0.01 (30% amplitude) of 1509 RBPC variety, respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, water binding capacity and emulsion activity were reduced for all RBPC varieties after sonication, while solubility and digestibility improved for the 1121 variety, whereas reduced for the 1509 and Sugandha RBPC varieties. Frequency sweep analysis showed that sonication treatment reduced both the storage modulus and loss modulus of RBPC dispersions. Moreover, protein gel linkages transformed from non-covalent to covalently cross-link with increasing % amplitude for the 1121 RBPC variety. Ultrasonication at a lower 20% amplitude, first decreased the denaturation temperature (Tp) of 1121 RBPC variety from 72.5 °C to 63 °C, then increased it to 77.3 °C at higher 40% amplitude. In conclusion, under the conditions investigated in this study, sonication treatment has the potential to modify the foaming and oil-binding properties of RBPCs
TCAD device modelling and simulation of wide bandgap power semiconductors
No full textTechnology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) is essential for devices technology development, including wide bandgap power semiconductors. However. most TCAD tools were originally developed for silicon and their performance and accuracy for wide band gap semiconductors is contentious. This chapter will deal with TCAD device modelling of wide band gap power semiconductors. In particular, modelling and simulating 3C- and 4H- Silicon Carbide (SiC), Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Diamond devices are examined. The challenges associated with modelling the material and device physics are analysed in detail. It also includes convergence issues and accuracy of predicted performance. Modelling and simulating defects, traps and the effect of these traps on the characteristics are also discussed. Keywords: TCAD, modelling and simulation, Silicon Carbide, Gallium Nitride, Diamond, Physics modelling, material parameters. <br/
Valeska Huber, Channelling Mobilities: Migration and Globalisation in the Suez Canal Region and Beyond, 1869-1914 (review)
No full textYogesh Sharma, ed., Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-Modern India Debojyoti Das Jason Lim, A Slow Ride into the Past: The Chinese Trishaw Industry in Singapore 1942–1983 Margaret Mason Xiang Biao, Brenda S.A. Yeoh, and Mika Toyota, eds., Return: Nationalizing Transnational Mobility in Asia Gopalan Balachandran Ajaya Kumar Sahoo and Johannes G. de Kruijf, eds., Indian Transnationalism Online: New Perspectives on Diaspora Anouck Carsignol Kieu-Linh Caroline Valverde, Transnationalizing Viet Nam: Community, Culture, and Politics in the Diaspora Yuk Wah Chan Christine B.N. Chin, Cosmopolitan Sex Workers: Women and Migration in a Global City Lilly Yu and Kimberly Kay Hoang David Walker and Agnieszka Sobocinska, eds., Australia's Asia: From Yellow Peril to Asian Century Daniel Oakman Valeska Huber, Channelling Mobilities: Migration and Globalisation in the Suez Canal Region and Beyond, 1869–1914 Vincent Lagendijk Bieke Cattoor and Bruno De Meulder, Figures Infrastructures: An Atlas of Roads and Railways Maik Hoemke Klaus Benesch, ed., Culture and Mobility Rudi Volt
Innovative Procurement Practices Increase Productivity
No full textThe farmer is an important part of the dairy industry, regardless of country. India is the largest milk-producing nation in the world, with 18% involvement of the dairy industry in the economy. Most of the world’s population depends on dairy industries for their livelihood, with about one-quarter involved in the production or purchase of milk and related products. It is essential for the Indian dairy industry to be able to fulfill growing customer demand with a satisfactory supply of milk. The procurement of milk and related products is very important in meeting this demand. Procurement is the act of gaining or obtaining goods and services. The process includes the preparation and processing of demand, along with final receipt and approval of payment. Procurement mainly depends on technology and innovations. The chapter mainly focuses on innovative practices for the procurement of milk in the Indian dairy industry. The four practices and recommendations given are very helpful in increasing the productivity of the dairy industry in India
ICT Platform-Enabled Socio-Economic Ecosystem in Himalayan Villages of India: The Case of a Forest Protection and Renewable Energy Production Project
No full textPart 1: Information Technology and Disaster ManagementInternational audienceThere is a growing focus on developing ICT-based business ecosystems to provide an innovative and socially-embedded solution that is aligned with the UN’s sustainable development goals. However, general approaches being used to build the ICT-based business ecosystems face significant challenges in achieving sustainability, participation, and self-organization on their own. In this research, we pursue the new conceptualization of emergent digital designing to understand these challenges and leverage the concepts of multi-sided platforms to design and transform an ICT-based socio-economic ecosystem that enables co-creation of value. Specifically, we use the activity theory perspective to analyze the required features in the development of an ICT-based socio-economic ecosystem for forest protection and renewable energy production. Based on our case analysis, we construct a typology of various features that an ICT-based socio-economic ecosystem should imbibe to facilitate value co-creation by various actors of the ecosystem. This research contributes to the theory of the solution genre by presenting a feature set related to different aspects of the socio-economic ecosystems. We also highlight the needed minimalistic view of ICTs in the digital transformations of societal and environmental initiatives
Effect of power avaricious attack on MANET routing protocols
No full textMany routing protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks have been proposed. The efficient routing protocol provides the significant benefits to such networks in terms of both performance and reliability. However, the nature of ad hoc networks makes them vulnerable to attacks especially in the routing protocols. How to protect an ad hoc routing protocol and which protocol works efficiently under the security attacks is an important research topic. This paper focuses on the performance investigation of a reactive protocol i.e. AODV and a proactive protocol i.e. OLSR under a passive attack called selfishness attack. In this work, it is analyzed that under the selfishness attack the proactive protocols outperforms the reactive protocols
Hemidactylus Flaviviridis Ruppell Feeding on a Gecko Egg
No full textVolume: 98Start Page: 287End Page: 28
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