313 research outputs found
Low-Rate Flow Table Overflow Detection For SDN
No full textSoftware-Defined Networking (SDN) in 5G has emerged to reconfigure traditional network architectures by offering programmability for dynamic service provisioning, which
is mainly supported by the OpenFlow (OF) protocol. Within an OpenFlow-enabled SDN
framework, the control plane orchestrates packet forwarding by establishing connections
with switches and populating their flow tables with precise flow entries. However, these
flow tables are built using ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM), that have
limited storage capacity. This limitation makes SDN prone to Low-Rate Flow Table
Overflow (LFTO) attacks, slowly degrading the performance and network efficiency by
filling flow tables with malicious flow entries.
To address this vulnerability, we propose various machine learning, deep Learning
and quantum-based detection frameworks that classify LFTO attacks into malicious
and regular traffic by utilizing advanced feature selection techniques, feature scaling,
and addressing data imbalance through Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique
(SMOTE). Moreover, the proposed framework was evaluated, including Decision Tree,
Random Forest, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Quantum Neural Networks
(QNN). The LSTM model achieved 99.14% accuracy and 99.96% recall, while the
Random Forest and Decision Tree models reached 99.27% and 99.02% accuracy, respectively. Additionally, the quantum-based detection model achieved an accuracy of
98.49%. Hence, the results from our analysis illustrate that the proposed framework for
detecting LFTO attacks maintains seamless data packet forwarding and safeguards the
finite capacity of flow table resources within SDN environments
The Global Economic Crisis: Impact on India and Policy Responses
No full textIndia's financial sector is not deeply integrated with the global financial system, which spared it the first round adverse effects of the global financial crisis and left Indian banks mostly unaffected. However, as the financial crisis morphed in to a full-blown global economic downturn, India could not escape the second round effects. The global crisis has affected India through three distinct channels: financial markets, trade flows, and exchange rates. The reversal in capital inflows, which created a credit crunch in domestic markets along with a severe deterioration in export demand, contributed to the decline of gross domestic product by more than 2 percentage points in the fiscal year 2008–2009. In line with efforts taken by governments and central banks all over the world, the Government and the Reserve Bank of India took aggressive countercyclical measures, sharply relaxing monetary policy and introducing a fiscal stimulus to boost domestic demand. However, this paper argues that with very limited fiscal maneuverability and the limited traction of monetary policy, policy measures to restore the Indian gross domestic product growth back to its potential rate of 8–9% must focus on addressing the structural constraints that are holding down private investment demand.india global financial crisis; gdp growth
Successful treatment of aortic root dilatation in a patient with relapsing polychondritis
No full textCase ReportCardiovascular involvement occurring in 20–30% patients is the second most common cause of mortality in patients with relapsing polychondritis. Aortic insufficiency occurs as a result of aortic root dilatation rather than primary valvular involvement. We are reporting a patient of relapsing polychondritis with aortic root dilatation, in whom institution of early and aggressive therapy successfully prevented the progression of aortic insufficiency.Aman Sharma, Tarun Mittal, Susheel Kumar, Arjun Datt Law, Ajay Wanchu, Rajiv Mahajan, Pradeep Bambery, Surjit Sing
The Debate on the Poverty Estimates of 1999–2000
No full textThis paper compares the latest estimates of poverty (19992000) made by the Planning Commission with earlier estimates of the 1980s and 1990s, focusing on the methodology and database used for estimation. It extensively reviews the attempts by Angus Deaton (2003a, b, and c), Sundaram and Tendulkar (2001; 2003a, d), Sen-Himanshu (2004a, b) and Surjit Bhalla (2003) in this regard. The paper traces the comparable poverty estimates for the 1980s and 1990s in their levels and change and uses the extent of poverty reduction implicit in these estimates to assess the magnitude of poverty reduction in the two decades. These are placed in the wider debate on the impact of the economic reform programmes on the incidence of poverty in the Indian context.India, poverty estimates
Evaluating the shear-friction resistance across sliding planes in concrete
No full textShear friction or aggregate interlock behaviour across sliding planes in concrete is now a well-established area of research. Two separate shear-friction approaches have been developed previously where these separate approaches either quantify the shear transfer capacity for a given crack displacement, normal stress and crack separation (Walraven Approach) or quantify the maximum shear transfer for a given crack confinement (Mattock Approach). In this paper, these two seemingly disparate approaches are combined to provide sufficient information to simulate all aspects of shear friction in initially cracked planes including a quantifiable failure limit for various crack separations and displacements. The shear friction components of initially uncracked sliding planes are also derived from the analysis of actively confined concrete cylinders and a failure envelope for initially uncracked sliding planes is developed. Hence, this paper provides the technique for determining the shear friction properties not only for initially cracked sliding planes, which have previously been available, but also for initially uncracked sliding planes which were not previously available so that shear-friction theory can now be used for all aspects of concrete.Matthew Haskett, Deric John Oehlers, M.S. Mohamed Ali, Surjit Kumar Sharm
On the sum of two subnormal kernels
No full textWe show, by means of a class of examples, that if K-1 and K-2 are two positive definite kernels on the unit disc such that the multiplication by the coordinate function on the corresponding reproducing kernel Hilbert space is subnormal, then the multiplication operator on the Hilbert space determined by their sum K-1 + K-2 need not be subnormal. This settles a recent conjecture of Gregory T. Adams, Nathan S. Feldman and Paul J. McGuire in the negative. We also discuss some cases for which the answer is affirmative. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Breast Health Seeking Behaviors In Countries With Varying Health Coverage
No full textabstract: There is an enormous unmet need for services, education, and outreach to improve women’s breast health. Healthcare systems and insurance systems vary widely around the world, and this may play an important role in understanding variability in women’s breast health knowledge and behavior globally. The goal of this study is to determine how varying healthcare systems in three countries (Japan, Paraguay, US) affect a woman’s likelihood of seeing a physician in regard to their breasts. For example, Japan is a clear example of a region that provides universal health insurance to its citizens. The government takes responsibility in giving accessible and equitable healthcare to its entire population (Zhang & Oyama, 2016). On the other hand, a country such as Paraguay is composed of both public and private sectors. In order for citizens to gain insurance, one would have to either be formally employed or choose to pay out-of-pocket for hospital visits (“Paraguay”, 2017). A country such as the United States does not have universal health insurance. However, it does have a mix of public and private sectors, meaning there is little to no coverage for its citizens. To accommodate for this, the United States came up with the Affordable Care Act, which extends coverage to the uninsured. Although the United States might be a country that spends more on healthcare than any other nation, there are residents that still lack healthcare (De Lew, Greenberg & Kinchen, 1992). This study, then, compares women’s breast health knowledge and behavior in Japan, Paraguay, and the US. Other variables, which are also considered in this study, that might affect this include wealth level, education, having general awareness of breast cancer, having regular health checks, and having some breast education. Using statistical analysis of breast check rates of women in Japan, Paraguay, and the United States, this research found that women sampled in Asunción, Paraguay check their breasts more often than either women sampled from Scottsdale, U.S. or Osaka, Japan. It was also found that women sampled from Paraguay were more confident in detecting changes in their breast compared to women sampled from the Japan or the US. Finally, it was noted that women sampled from Japan were least likely to partake in seeing a doctor in concern of changes in their breasts compared to women sampled from the other two research locations. These findings have relevance for the implementation of advocacy and public education about breast health
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