4 research outputs found
INFLUENCE OF DEPOSITION TIME ON ELECTRODEPOSITED NICKEL SELENIDE (NiSe2) THIN FILMS FOR SOLAR/PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
No full textThe present study investigates the role of deposition time on the structural, morphological, compositional, optical and semiconducting properties of electrodeposited NiSe2 thin films. Nickel Selenide (NiSe2) is a transition metal chalcogenide material suitable for its good chemical and optical properties. The films were deposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated conducting glass substrates at deposition times between 10 – 30 minutes with the interval of 5 minutes. The structural analysis of the films reveals the polycrystalline nature with sharp and high intense peaks. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) reveals that grains are in spherical shape, uniform and pin-hole free. Composition analyses through energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) studies confirm the presence of Se and Ni to its stoichiometry. The observed direct bandgap films reduced their energy gap values from 1.30 to 1.15 eV as the deposition time increases found by optical studies. Heat treatment of these films is annealed at 200◦C for 1 hour yield the high crystallinity that also confirms by X-ray diffraction. Annealed films with longer deposition time of 30 minutes shown cracks in the surface observed by SEM. The energy gap reduced in 20% for the annealed films. This investigation confirms that the deposition time has greater influences for the grown films.
Ecotoxicological Evaluation Of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocapsules Containing Triazine Herbicides
No full textThe triazine class of herbicides includes the compounds ametryn, atrazine, and simazine, which are used to control weeds in plantations of crops such as maize, sorghum, and sugar cane. Despite their acceptance in agriculture, these herbicides can be dangerous to the environment, depending on their toxicity, the degree of contamination, and the duration of exposure. Controlled release systems are increasingly used to mitigate problems of toxicity and minimize environmental impacts, and can also increase herbicide efficiency. The objective of this work was to prepare poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules containing ametryn and atrazine, and evaluate their toxicity to aquatic organisms as well as in cytogenetic tests employing human lymphocyte cultures. The PCL nanocapsules were prepared according to the interfacial deposition of pre-formed polymer method. Ecotoxicological assays were performed with the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the microcrustacean Daphnia similis. The cytogenetic tests consisted of observing mitotic index alterations after exposing lymphocyte cell cultures to different formulations. Encapsulation of the herbicides in the nanocapsules resulted in lower toxicity to the alga and higher toxicity to the microcrustacean, compared to the herbicides alone. The cytogenetic tests showed that formulations of nanocapsules containing the herbicides were less toxic than the herbicides alone. The findings indicate the potential of the nanocapsule formulations in agricultural applications, where they could help to reduce the quantities of herbicides used as well as impacts on the environment and human health. Copyright © 2014 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.14749114917Pacakova, V., Stulik, K., Jiskra, J., (1996) J. Chromatogr. 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Land use, Forest Fragmentation and River Dynamics in Dudhwa Landscape and Their Conservation Implication
No full textNot availabl
Redox-enzymes, Cells And Micro-organisms Acting On Carbon Nanostructures Transformation: A Mini-review
No full textCarbon nanotubes, graphene and fullerenes are actual nanomaterials with many applications in different industrial areas, with increasing potentialities in the field of nanomedicine. Recently, different proactive approaches on toxicology and safety management have become the focus of intense interest once the industrial production of these materials had a significant growth in the last years, even though their short- and long-term behaviors are not yet fully understood. The most important concerns involving these carbon-based nanomaterials are their stability and potential effects of their life cycles on animals, humans, and environment. In this context, this mini review discuss the biodegradability of these materials, particularly through redox-enzymes, micro-organisms and cells, to contribute toward the design of biocompatible and biodegradable functionalized carbon nanostructures, in order to use these materials safely and with minimum impact on the environment. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).291110Ryan, B.J., Carolan, N., O'Fagain, C., Horseradish and soybean peroxidases: comparable tools for alternative niches? 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