231 research outputs found
Supplement_1 – Supplemental material for Intralesional Cidofovir for Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Laryngeal Herpes Manifesting as Supraglottic Mass
No full textSupplemental material, Supplement_1 for Intralesional Cidofovir for Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Laryngeal Herpes Manifesting as Supraglottic Mass by Charles Q. Yang, Anisha Mathur, Princy N. Kumar and Vaninder K. Dhillon in Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology</p
Different approaches toward the enhancement of drug solubility and/or dissolution rate
No full textNontraditional methods such as supercritical antisolvent processing and ultrasonic processor rely on physical alterations to enhance drug solubility and dissolution rate. They are advantageous because of their application to a wide variety of drugs and relatively short processing time. Our works show reduced particle size and complexation with these techniques results in the modification of dissolution rate and or solubility. Crystalline form of a drug is preferable because most drugs occur in this form and tend to be stable at this condition. Towards this effort new nanosized crystalline coordination drug polymers are synthesized to enhance drug solubility or dissolution rate. γ-Indomethacin (IMC) is successfully processed with the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technique. Pure, acicular (needle-like) particles of the α-polymorph are consistently obtained with SAS as the solvent, concentration, temperature and pressures are varied. Controlled changes in process parameters yield significant changes in particle size. Enhanced dissolution profiles are observed with IMC processed with SAS as opposed to the unprocessed IMC. The reduced particle size, as well as the α-polymorphic form of IMC, contributes to the enhanced dissolution rate. Hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin complexation of γ-Indomethacin (IMC) was processed with the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technique as well. SAS processing resulted in the highest initial dissolution rate of IMC complexed particles compared to both spray drying and the physical mixture. This initial increase in dissolution rate is attributed to the micronization of particles. The addition of the water soluble polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to the IMC complex enhanced the dissolution rate further. Finally, the synthesis of new nanosized crystalline coordination drug polymers is explored. These crystalline coordination drug polymers are composed of the drug molecules coordinated to zinc metal ion as a ligand. The dissolution is controlled mainly by the release of the bridging ligands. These new nanocrystalline CDPs serve as potential for enhanced dissolution.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Princy Ann Abraha
Collected Papers (on various scientific topics), Volume XII
No full textThis twelfth volume of Collected Papers includes 86 papers comprising 976 pages on Neutrosophics Theory and Applications, published between 2013-2021 in the international journal and book series “Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 112 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 21 countries: Abdel Nasser H. Zaied, Muhammad Akram, Bobin Albert, S. A. Alblowi, S. Anitha, Guennoun Asmae, Assia Bakali, Ayman M. Manie, Abdul Sami Awan, Azeddine Elhassouny, Erick González-Caballero, D. Dafik, Mithun Datta, Arindam Dey, Mamouni Dhar, Christopher Dyer, Nur Ain Ebas, Mohamed Eisa, Ahmed K. Essa, Faruk Karaaslan, João Alcione Sganderla Figueiredo, Jorge Fernando Goyes García, N. Ramila Gandhi, Sudipta Gayen, Gustavo Alvarez Gómez, Sharon Dinarza Álvarez Gómez, Haitham A. El-Ghareeb, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa, Masooma Raza Hashmi, Ibrahim M. Hezam, German Acurio Hidalgo, Le Hoang Son, R. Jahir Hussain, S. Satham Hussain, Ali Hussein Mahmood Al-Obaidi, Hays Hatem Imran, Nabeela Ishfaq, Saeid Jafari, R. Jansi, V. Jeyanthi, M. Jeyaraman, Sripati Jha, Jun Ye, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Abdullah Kargın, J. Kavikumar, Kawther Fawzi Hamza Alhasan, Huda E. Khalid, Neha Andalleb Khalid, Mohsin Khalid, Madad Khan, D. Koley, Valeri Kroumov, Manoranjan Kumar Singh, Pavan Kumar, Prem Kumar Singh, Ranjan Kumar, Malayalan Lathamaheswari, A.N. Mangayarkkarasi, Carlos Rosero Martínez, Marvelio Alfaro Matos, Mai Mohamed, Nivetha Martin, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Mohamed Talea, K. Mohana, Muhammad Irfan Ahamad, Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Saqlain, Muhammad Shabir, Muhammad Zeeshan, Anjan Mukherjee, Mumtaz Ali, Deivanayagampillai Nagarajan, Iqra Nawaz, Munazza Naz, Roan Thi Ngan, Necati Olgun, Rodolfo González Ortega, P. Pandiammal, I. Pradeepa, R. Princy, Marcos David Oviedo Rodríguez, Jesús Estupiñán Ricardo, A. Rohini, Sabu Sebastian, Abhijit Saha, Mehmet Șahin, Said Broumi, Saima Anis, A.A. Salama, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Seyed Ahmad Edalatpanah, Sajana Shaik, Soufiane Idbrahim, S. Sowndrarajan, Mohamed Talea, Ruipu Tan, Chalapathi Tekuri, Selçuk Topal, S. P. Tiwari, Vakkas Uluçay, Maikel Leyva Vázquez, Chinnadurai Veerappan, M. Venkatachalam, Luige Vlădăreanu, Ştefan Vlăduţescu, Young Bae Jun, Wadei F. Al-Omeri, Xiao Long Xin.
A study on the symptamatology and diagnostic methodology of Vatha Kannagam
No full textThe author concludes the study on Vathakannagam with fruitful results validating the symptomatology and siddha diagnostic methodology. Study on Naadi threw up a narrow identifiable (Vathapithan) for Vathakannagam. So the presence of vathapitha naadi in Vathakannagam patients should be taken as a sign of altered vatha humour followed by altered pitham humour which might lead on this disease. If normal patients found with vathapitham naadi other than pitha kaalam, they should be taken as a pathological state and preventive measures should be adapted. Nearly more than 60% of the cases were observed results a clinician can diagnose this clinical entity as Vathakannagam with confidence.
Sedentary life style, mental stress and increased exposure to air are said to be an important factor initiating or aggravating the Vathakannagam, in this study also most of the patients had initial tripping, tottering and staggering in dizziness while climbing up or getting down or trying to step high off the ground, general weakness in the whole body due to relaxing of the muscles, and spreading wide the limbes as it were a wings of the bird. It can be concluded that with the genesis of Vathakannagam and subsequently the Vathakannagam could be the path of development of the disease. So along with medicines for improving the functional disabilities yogam and physical activities or exercises, they improve the weakness in the whole body.
Vaatham humour which is the root cause of this disease, it was found to be elevated which confirms the literary standpoint said by Sage Yugi. Therefore steps should be taken to keep it under check. Most of the patients had Vathapitham thega amaippu, it is an important factor precipitating this disease.
Study on Neerkuri in this study can be taken as one of the significant diagnostic tool for diagnosing this disease. With study on udal thathukkal, it was found that all cases (100%) had affected oon, kozhuppu, enbu, moolai, and sukkilam thathu, and 30% had affected with Senneer. So the medicines should be prescribed for strengthen these udal thathukkal.
Neerkuri and Neikkuri is one of the effective diagnostic and prognostic tool used in this study. Segregation of humours depending on clearance / pale yellow and yellow colour of urine in neerkuri and vathapitham neikkuri in structural changes. By corroborating the modern knowledge to this age-old method can be enhanced and new horizons can be explored. Neikkuri (Oil spreading sign) is based on the consistency, thickness, density of urine and by seeing the shape of spread oil drop on the urine surface. These changes in the properties of the urine as compared to normal occur due to release of various excretory substances in the urine in different disease conditions which can be assessed by the patterns formed by the oil drop during this neikkuri and thereby the diagnosis and prognosis can be assessed. According to our system, due to alternation of the bodys normal physiological functions during diseases and production of Vatham,Pitham, Kapham, the chemical composition of urine also changes which ultimately changes the pattern of oil drop spreading.
CONCLUSION:
The patients with symptoms of Vathakannagam mentioned by Sage Yugi confirmed to majority of symptoms mentioned in the modern literature of Cerebellar ataxia. Thus the study validated the symptomatology elucidated by Sage Yugi and matched it with severity of the disease.
From this study, it is evident that, with Naadi, Manikadai nool, Neerkuri, Neikuri and udal thathukkal examination, this disease can be diagnosed easily and confidently. The author concludes that these diagnostic parameters can be successfully implemented by the physician at the clinical level in the diagnosis of Vathakannagam
Efficacy and safety of raltegravir for treatment of HIV for 5 years in the benchmrk studies: final results of two randomised, placebo-controlled trials
No full textPrincipal investigators of BENCHMRK-1
Australia: A Allworth, J Anderson, M Bloch, D A Cooper, J Hoy,
C Workman. Belgium: N Clumeck, R Colebunders, M Moutschen;
Denmark: J Gerstoft, C Larsen, L Mathiesen, C Pedersen. France:
J F Delfraissy, P Dellamonica, C Katlama, J M Molina, F Raffi , J Reynes,
D Vittecoq, P Yeni. Germany: K Arasteh, G Fatkenheuer, H Jaeger,
J Rockstroh, A Stoehr. Italy: F Aiuti, G Carosi, R Cauda, F Chiodo,
G Di Perri, G Filice, M Galli, A Lazzarin, V Vullo. Peru: M Castaneda,
A Florez, F Mendo, A Paredes, R Salazar, E Ticona. Portugal: R Antunes,
A Diniz, K Mansinho, J Saraiva da Cunha, R Sarmento, E Teofi lo, J Vera.
Spain: J Arrizabalaga, B Clotet, P Domingo Pedrol, J Gatell Artigas,
S Moreno Guillen, V Soriano Vazquez. Switzerland: B Hirschel,
M Opravil. Taiwan: H-H Lin, W-H Sheng, J-H Wang. Thailand:
S Sungkanuparph, S Suwanagool. Principal investigators of BENCHMRK-2
Brazil: B Grinsztejn, J V Madruga, M Schecter. Canada: J-G Baril,
M R Loutfy, J S Montaner, C Tremblay, CM Tsoukas, S Vezina. Colombia:
J A Cortes, H Mendoza, J Velez. Mexico: N Quintero Perez, J Ramos,
E Rodriguez. Puerto Rico: J O Morales-Ramirez, G E Sepulveda. USA:
J Aberg, G W Beatty, P Benson, R K Bolon, U F Bredeek, C Bruno,
T Campbell, R Campo, G O Coodley, R B Corales, E DeJesus, J J Eron,
W J Fessel, R J Fetchick, C J Gonzalez, C Hicks, M A Horberg,
D B Klein, M J Kozal, P N Kumar, A LaMarca, J L Lennox,
K A Lichtenstein, R Liporace, S J Little, A Luetkemeyer, F Mariuz,
M Markowitz, D K McMahon, G Perez, G Pierone, R C Reichman,
F Rhame, P Shalit, P Sklar, W Short, P R Skolnik, R T Steigbigel,
E M Tedaldi, D J Ward, A A Wiznia, D P Wright.Background
Two randomised, placebo-controlled trials—BENCHMRK-1 and BENCHMRK-2—investigated the efficacy and safety of raltegravir, an HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer inhibitor. We report final results of BENCHMRK-1 and BENCHMRK-2 combined at 3 years (the end of the double-blind phase) and 5 years (the end of the study).
Methods
Integrase-inhibitor-naive patients with HIV resistant to three classes of drug and who were failing antiretroviral therapy were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to raltegravir 400 mg twice daily or placebo, both with optimised background treatment. Patients and investigators were masked to treatment allocation until week 156, after which all patients were offered open-label raltegravir until week 240. The primary endpoint was previously assessed at 16 weeks. We assessed long-term efficacy with endpoints of the proportion of patients with an HIV viral load of less than 50 copies per mL and less than 400 copies per mL, and mean change in CD4 cell count, at weeks 156 and 240.
Findings
1012 patients were screened for inclusion. 462 were treated with raltegravir and 237 with placebo. At week 156, 51% in the raltegravir group versus 22% in the placebo group (non-completer classed as failure) had viral loads of less than 50 copies per mL, and 54% versus 23% had viral loads of less than 400 copies per mL. Mean CD4 cell count increase (analysed by an observed failure approach) was 164 cells per μL versus 63 cells per μL. After week 156, 251 patients (54%) from the raltegravir group and 47 (20%) from the placebo group entered the open-label raltergravir phase; 221 (47%) versus 44 (19%) completed the entire study. At week 240, viral load was less than 50 copies per mL in 193 (42%) of all patients initially assigned to raltegravir and less than 400 copies per mL in 210 (45%); mean CD4 cell count increased by 183 cells per μL. Virological failure occurred in 166 raltegravir recipients (36%) during the double-blind phase and in 17 of all patients (6%) during the open-label phase. The most common drug-related adverse events at 5 years in both groups were nausea, headache, and diarrhoea, and occurred in similar proportions in each group. Laboratory test results were similar in both treatment groups and showed little change after year 2.
Interpretation
Raltegravir has a favourable long-term efficacy and safety profile in integrase-inhibitor-naive patients with triple-class resistant HIV in whom antiretroviral therapy is failing. Raltegravir is an alternative for treatment-experienced patients, particularly those with few treatment options
Enhanced Susceptibility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Tipranavir in Treatment-Experienced Patients
No full textA Comprehensive Review: COVID-19 And Post-Covid Versus Thromboembolism
No full textIn spite of the fact that COVID-19 was previously predominantly believed to be a respiratory ailment, rapidly increasing data point to a significant prevalence of venous thromboembolic consequences in the disease. This review article\u27s main goal was to determine if there was a requirement to raise knowledge of PE (Pulmonary Embolism) in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak given the still-weak epidemiologic data. The gathered studies were subjected to a critical evaluation and literature search. A digital search of Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus until June 2022. COVID-19’s lasting effects on health are yet mostly unknown. The pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism is highlighted in this review, along with the significance of being aware of the possible ways that enhanced the risk of VTE (Venous Thromboembolism) in patients suffering from post- COVID-19, including those who have a moderate or asymptomatic illness. To define suitable clinical care recommendations for the avoidance of thromboembolic consequences in the critically sick and post-COVID-19 phase, further study is necessary.
 
Performance Analysis of Neighbour Centrality Method Based Rumor Spread Control with Variable Spreading Rate
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