2 research outputs found
HYBRIDIZATION OF DIFFERENT GERBERA ( TION OF DIFFERENT GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Gerbera jamesonii Gerbera jamesonii bolus ex hooker f.) LINES FOR BREEDING NOVEL TRAITS VEL TRA
No full textHalf sib mating was used where five genotypes were used as female parent, fifteen genotypes were used as male parent and the investigation was carried out at the Division of Ornamental Crops, ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru, to study hybridization of different parents. IIHR 3 showed higher seed weight (163.73 mg), number of seeds per cross (69.60) and seed set percentage (69.86%). It can be concluded that the flowers with large flower head diameter (14.00 cm) and optimum length of flower stalk (55 cm) with visible disc florets can be taken as female parent for breeding programme. Gerbera hybrid seeds thus obtained were raised in half strength MS medium. The response of in vitro leaf explants to callusing and regeneration was recorded when cultured on full strength Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) media supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D or BAP or IAA and Kinetin. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium fortified with equal concentration of BA (1 mg l-1) and 2, 4-D (1 mg l-1) produced green and greenish white granular callus within 25 days. But leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D produced yellowish callus. Plant regeneration was also found the earliest in the same media (14 days
Internet Intermediary (ISPs) Liability for Contributory Copyright Infringement in USA and India: Lack of Uniformity as a trade barrier
Get PDFWith the internet today transcending all national boundaries, the protection of IP and penalising its infringement over the ‘world-wide-web’ has become even more difficult, given the territorial nature of the grant of the IP Right. Moreover, while hosting, routing, and linking to these ‘infringing material harbouring’ - sites or services, internet service providers (ISPs) themselves become vulnerable to charges of copyright infringement. The law in the US has since long, been very strict against these ISPs for contributory/ secondary copyright infringement, the law being rooted in the landlord/ dance-hall operator liability principle. However, India has only recently enacted a proper legal provision dealing with ISPs. This came in light of continued criticisms that India’s law wasn’t in line with that in the USA, which remains one of the main reasons delaying an Indo-US FTA. Also, India has not ratified the WIPO internet treaties, which makes it in no way obligated to have a strict ISP Liability law. Nonetheless, India’s new law post the 2012 Copyright Amendment Bill read together with the Ss.79 and 81 of the IT Act and the May 2012 Guidelines for Internet Intermediaries constitute a comprehensive law that is both strict as well as consumer friendly. This paper seeks to highlight the salient features of the ISP Liability laws in both these jurisdictions, and also discusses how, even with the new law, differences still remain, leading to continued trade-relations barriers
