876 research outputs found
Globalisation and sustainable exports of Indian medicinal and aromatic plants: A protection study
No full textIndia has a rich heritage of traditional systems of medicine viz. Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Tibetan which are mostly based on botanical formulations. Although biologically, the region is extremely rich in medicinal plants, due to years of unwise use, the availability of raw materials in desired quality and quantity has become difficult to obtain raising serious doubt about the safety and efficacy of the medicines currently in use. There is unprecedented demand for natural medicines, green health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics, and herbal pesticides to bring about this alarming loss of plant biodiversity. The sustainable production, conservation and use of medicinal plants are influenced by a number of factors, largely of socio-economic, technical, institutional and policy nature. Unsustainable harvesting of the raw materials from the wild by untrained and poor collectors mostly using primitive methods and lack of awareness about the real value of the resources are other two important factors leading to resource depletion. Rural people derive a substantial portion of their income and products for their basic health care needs from medicinal plants gathered from the nature. Medicinal plants-based drug industries and enterprises which run into thousands presently source more than 85% of their raw materials from the wild as they are cheap and believed to be of higher potency. There is a great need to reduce pressure on the in-situ sources by diversifying the production sites of these important plants. Domestication is one of the alternatives being attempted but given the large population of developing countries living below poverty line and growing need for economic and environmental security, it is unlikely that the current lands devoted to pure or mixed agriculture or forestry can be diverted to grow medicinal plants in a significant amount. Besides, domestication has to be carried out in similar habitats since some of the cultivated plants are known to give different chemical constituents than their natural counterparts due to environmental factors. As a large number of private sectors investment is possible in this sector, medicinal plants can be developed as a potential bridge between sustainable economic developments, safe & affordable health care and conservation of vital biodiversity. The paper suggests that a long-term and sustainable bio-partnerships between industry and rural communities should be formed which is in the interest of both the producers/collectors and drug industries as both stand to gain. The former will have regular, reliable and quality supply sources of raw materials and later will have assured market, increased income and fair price for their products. Necessary support and facilitation by the GOs, NGOs and academia in terms of technology transfer, Policy and legal support and extension may build and strengthen the partnership evolution process. There is an immediate need to initiate pilot case studies and model buy back arrangements between collectors/growers and industry representatives to start this process. This paper analyses the social, economic and institutional implications of such relationships based on various examples of evolving partnership concepts focusing on their efficiency, equity, and feasibility.Medicinal Plants and Livelihood Security; Holistic Rocource Management Approach; Partnership Ventures; Sustainable Commercialisation
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure, Independent of Each Other and in Combination, on Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
No full textAtrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (I-IF), common in older adults, are associated with poor outcomes. However, little is known about their impact, independent of each other. We studied 5,673 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Baseline prevalent AF and HF were centrally adjudicated, and 116 patients had AF only, 219 had HF only, 39 had both, and 5,263 had neither. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate age-gender-race adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause, cardiovascular (CV), and non-CV mortalities. Participants had a mean age of 73 years ( 6 years), 58% were women, and 15% African-American. During 13 years of follow-up, all-cause mortality occurred in 43%, 66%, 74%, and 85% of those with neither, AF only, HF only, and both, respectively. Compared with neither, aHR (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality associated with AF only, HF only, and both was 1.36 (1.08 to 1.72), 2.31 (1.97 to 2.71), and 3.04 (2.15 to 4.29), respectively. Similar associations were observed with CV mortality, but HF only also had greater non-CV mortality (aHR 1.72, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.18). Compared with AF alone, aHR (95% CIs) associated with HF alone for all-cause, CV, and non-CV mortalities was 1.69 (1.29 to 2.23), 1.73 (1.20 to 2.51), and 1.64 (1.09 to 2.46), respectively. Compared with HF alone, those with both conditions had greater CV but not all-cause mortality. In conclusion, community-dwelling older adults with AF have greater mortality than those without but lesser than those with HF, and both conditions were associated with greater CV and all-cause mortalities, whereas only those with HF had greater non-CV mortality. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
PELAKSANAAN PASAL 22 HURUF D PERATURAN DAERAH KABUPATEN MALANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2015 TENTANG RENCANA INDUK PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA DAERAH
No full textNanda Ayu Lestari, Lutfi Effendi, S.H. M.Hum, Herlin Wijayati, S.H.M.H Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Brawijaya Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Artikel ini membahas mengenai Pelaksanaan Pasal 22 Huruf D Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Malang Nomor 1 Tahun 2015 Tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan Pariwisata Daerah terkait strategi pembangunan prasarana umum, fasilitas umum, dan fasilitas pariwisata di Taman Wisata Air Wendit yang belum dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Malang melalui Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata serta UPTD Taman Wisata Air Wendit dikarenakan adanya keterbatasan dana operasional dan kurangnya tenaga professional di Taman Wisata Air Wendit. Melalui penggunaan metode penelitian yuridis empiris sehingga memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa seharusnya Pemerintah Kabupaten Malang segera mencari alternatif pendanaan dengan cara menyelenggarakan perjanjian Build Operate Transfer (BOT) dengan pihak swasta yakni investor apabila ingin merenovasi atau memugar Taman Wisata Air Wendit secara total. Dengan adanya sumber pendanaan dari Investor ini, menurut analisis peneliti strategi pembangunan prasarana umum, fasilitas umum, dan fasilitas pariwisata di Taman Wisata Air Wendit akan dapat berjalan dengan maksimal dan Taman Wisata Air Wendit dapat menjadi objek wisata unggulan Kabupaten Malang yang memberikan kontribusi besar bagi Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Kata Kunci: Peraturan Daerah, Pembangunan Pariwisata, Fasilitas dan Prasarana Umum ABSTRACT This paper discusses about the implementation of Article 22 letter (d) of the Local Regulation of Malang Regency Number 1 Year 2015 on Master Plan of Regional Tourism Development related to the strategy of public infrastructure development, public facilities, and tourism facilities in Wendit Water Park that are not well implemented by the local government of Malang Regency through Culture and Tourism Service and UPTD of Wendit Water Park due to lack of operational funding and lack of professional staffs in Wendit Water Park. Through empirical legal method, it can be concluded that the government of Malang Regency should look for alternative founding by implementing Build Operate Transfer (BOT) agreement with private companies which are investors if we want to renovate or restore Wendit Water Park totally. By using funding resources from investors, the author analyses that the strategy of public infrastructure development, public facilities, and tourism facilities in Wendit Water Park will be implemented maximally and Wendit Water Park can becomes a potential tourism object of Malang Regency that gives huge contribution for the Local Genuine Income. Keywords: local regulation, tourism development, facilities and public infrastructure
Nanda-Hamner curves show huge latitudinal variation but no circadian components in Drosophila montana photoperiodism
No full textAbstractInsect species with a wide distribution offer a great opportunity to trace latitudinal variation in the photoperiodic regulation of traits important in reproduction and stress tolerances. We measured this variation in the photoperiodic time-measuring system underlying reproductive diapause in Drosophila montana, using a Nanda-Hamner (NH) protocol. None of the study strains showed diel rhythmicity in female diapause proportions under a constant day length (12 h) and varying night lengths in photoperiods ranging from 16 to 84 h at 16°C. In the northernmost strains (above 55°N), nearly all females entered diapause under all photoperiods and about half of them even in continuous darkness, while the females of the southern strains showed high diapause proportions only in the circadian 24 h photoperiod. Significant correlation between the strains’ mean diapause proportions in ≥ 24 h photoperiods and critical day length (CDL; half of the females enter diapause) suggests at least partial causal connection between the traits. Interestingly, females of the northern strains entered diapause even in ≤ 24 h photoperiods, where the night length was shorter than their critical night length (24 h — CDL), but where the females experienced a higher number of Light:Dark cycles than in 24 h photoperiods. NH experiments, performed on the control and selection lines in our previous selection experiment, and completed here, gave similar results and confirmed that selection for shorter, southern-type CDL decreases female diapausing rate in non-circadian photoperiods. Overall, our study shows that D. montana females measure night length quantitatively, that the photoperiodic counter may play a prominent but slightly different role in extra short and extra long photoperiods and that northern strains show high stability against perturbations in the photoperiod length and in the presence of LD cycles. These features are best explained by the quantitative versions of the damped external coincidence model.Abstract
Insect species with a wide distribution offer a great opportunity to trace latitudinal variation in the photoperiodic regulation of traits important in reproduction and stress tolerances. We measured this variation in the photoperiodic time-measuring system underlying reproductive diapause in Drosophila montana, using a Nanda-Hamner (NH) protocol. None of the study strains showed diel rhythmicity in female diapause proportions under a constant day length (12 h) and varying night lengths in photoperiods ranging from 16 to 84 h at 16°C. In the northernmost strains (above 55°N), nearly all females entered diapause under all photoperiods and about half of them even in continuous darkness, while the females of the southern strains showed high diapause proportions only in the circadian 24 h photoperiod. Significant correlation between the strains’ mean diapause proportions in ≥ 24 h photoperiods and critical day length (CDL; half of the females enter diapause) suggests at least partial causal connection between the traits. Interestingly, females of the northern strains entered diapause even in ≤ 24 h photoperiods, where the night length was shorter than their critical night length (24 h — CDL), but where the females experienced a higher number of Light:Dark cycles than in 24 h photoperiods. NH experiments, performed on the control and selection lines in our previous selection experiment, and completed here, gave similar results and confirmed that selection for shorter, southern-type CDL decreases female diapausing rate in non-circadian photoperiods. Overall, our study shows that D. montana females measure night length quantitatively, that the photoperiodic counter may play a prominent but slightly different role in extra short and extra long photoperiods and that northern strains show high stability against perturbations in the photoperiod length and in the presence of LD cycles. These features are best explained by the quantitative versions of the damped external coincidence model
Refractive Errors in Congenital Ptosis-A Clinical Study
No full textBackground: Ptosis is a common public health problem worldwide. It is the lowering of eye lid or prolapse of an organ. In all major ocular surgeries the involvement of eye lid is seen. Etiology of ptosis is multifactorial.
Objective: The main objectives of the study were degree of ptosis, refraction through clinical examination and measuring with refractionometer.
Methods: The study was conducted in SD Eye Hospital, Hyderabad. 60 eyes of 55 patients with congenital ptosis were studied. Complex ptosis cases were excluded from study.
Results: 37 patients were in the age group of 0-19 years & 18 in 20-39 years age group were in the study group. 31 patients of them were males. In five cases both eyes were involved. 10 cases of the studied were with severe ptosis. In 18 cases astigmatism was observed.
Conclusion: In the present study congenital ptosis observed more in males in first two decades of life, unilaterally with more than 80% astigmatism. Ambylopia was associated more with severe ptosis
Small optic suspensions for Advanced LIGO input optics and other precision optical experiments
No full textWe report on the design and performance of small optic suspensions developed to suppress seismic motion of out-of-cavity optics in the input optics subsystem of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory. These compact single stage suspensions provide isolation in all six degrees of freedom of the optic, local sensing and actuation in three of them, and passive damping for the other three
Data Protection and Mobility Management for Cloud
No full textCloud computing has become an alternative IT infrastructure where users, infrastructure providers, and service providers all share and deploy resources for their business processes and applications. In order to deliver cloud services cost-effectively, users’ data is stored in a cloud where applications are able to perform requests from clients efficiently. As data is transferred to the cloud, data owners are concerned about the loss of control of their data and cloud service providers are concerned about their ability to protect data when it is moved about both within and out of its own environment. Many security and protection mechanisms have been proposed to protect cloud data by employing various policies, encryption techniques, and monitoring and auditing approaches. However, data is still exposed to potential disclosures and attacks if it is moved and located at another cloud where there is no equivalence security measure at visited sites. In a realistic cloud scenario with hierarchical service chain, the handling of data in a cloud can be delegated by a cloud service provider (CSP) to a subprovider to another. However, CSPs do not often deploy the same protection schemes. Movement of user’s data is an important issue in Cloud and it has to be addressed to ensure the data is protected in an integrated manner regardless of its location in the environment. The user is concerned whether its data is located in locations covered by the service level agreement (SLA) and data operations are protected from unauthorized users. When user’s data is moved to data centres located at locations different from its home, it is necessary to keep track of its locations and data operations. This chapter discusses data protection and mobility management issues in cloud environment and in particular the implementation of a trust-oriented data protection framework
Asymmetric synthesis of cytospolides C and D through successful exploration of stereoselective Julia-Kocienski olefination and Suzuki reaction followed by macrolactonization
No full textAbstract Asymmetric total synthesis of two naturally occurring nonenolides cytospolides C (3) and D (4) was accomplished through successful exploration of stereoselective Julia-Kocienski (JK) olefination reaction for the construction of the required E-olefinic geometry (C4-C5) present in the target molecule. In an alternative approach Suzuki cross coupling reaction of an E-vinylic bromide and an alkylborane species was also efficiently applied to access the macrolactonization precursor. Late stage lactonization through Mitsunobu cyclization afforded the target molecules in good yield.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/177667/2/Asymmetric synthesis of cytospolides C.pdfPublished versio
Zoledronic acid reduces bone loss and tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft model of osteolytic oral squamous cell carcinoma
No full textExposure to Abnormal Self Antigens During Non-Malignant Inflammatory Events Provides Immunological Defense Against Tumors
No full textCancer immunosurveillance is the body’s sentinel mechanism of recognizing and eliminating malignancy. Specifically, the immune system can mount a response against cancer through the recognition of tumor associated antigens (TAA). While studying two TAAs, MUC1 and cyclin B1, our group discovered T cell and antibody responses specific for these abnormal molecules not only in cancer patients but also in healthy individuals with no cancer history. While seeking to explain why TAA specific responses exist in healthy people, our group and others’ epidemiologic studies revealed that individuals who had a history of febrile pathogenic infections had a lower risk of cancer development. These results led us to hypothesize that non-malignant events such as influenza infection, elicit abnormal expression of multiple self-antigens on infected cells and specific immune memory against those antigens. Abnormal expression of the same antigens on tumor cells triggers specific immune responses and provides adaptive immune memory to participate in tumor surveillance. Rather than classifying these abnormal molecules common to virus infected and malignant cells as TAAs, they should be recognized as disease associated antigens (DAA). I first tested this hypothesis in MUC1Tg mice and found that, influenza infection induces abnormal MUC1 expression in the lung, MUC1 specific CD8+ T cells, and that influenza experienced mice control MUC1+ tumor growth. I next addressed if this infection model could lead to the identification of other DAA. I modified the mouse model by using C57BL/6 mice, using two influenza virus strains as the stronger pathogenic insult to the lung and using a lung tumor Lewis Lung Carcinoma (3LL) as the tumor challenge. Through the use of 2D-Difference Gel Electrophoresis to resolve and identify tumor proteins detected deferentially by pre- and post-infection mouse sera, I selected from over 120 proteins five specific molecules (DAAs) for further iv
study: GAPDH, Histone H4, HSP90, Malate Dehydrogenase 2 and Annexin A2. Western blot analysis confirmed their overexpression in two mouse tumor cell lines and in flu-infected lungs compared to healthy lungs. Additionally I confirmed that antibodies and CD8+ T cell specific responses were generated against these 5 DAAs following flu infection. Lastly, animals vaccinated with peptide derived from these candidate DAA demonstrated a prolonged delay in tumor growth. Better understanding of early life events that prepare the immune system to protect individuals against known and unknown pathogens as well as future malignancies will help direct vaccines towards strengthening life-long immunosurveillance. Importantly, these findings support the use of vaccines based on DAAs/TAAs for cancer prevention
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