133 research outputs found
Richter/-innen am Obersten Gerichtshof: Ernennungen, Amtszeiten und institutionelle Dynamik
Get PDFIndiens Oberster Gerichtshof (Supreme Court) ist in den letzten Jahren prominenter, seine Entscheidungen (nicht alle) zur Einhegung der Exekutive sind augenfälliger geworden. Wenig bekannt ist das Verfahren, wie die Richter und wenigen Richterinnen berufen undmit welchem Arbeitsumfeld sie ausgestattet sind. Der Artikel erlaubt einen Einblick
Digital Twin and Cyber-Physical Systems for Industrial Assets: Challenges and Recommendations.
Get PDFAs organizations Implement DT and CPS with the aim to enhance their productivity and maximize the value from the physical assets, some issues come to light with the integration of said technologies, which affect both environments, the cyber one and the physical one, and as happen when new technical or technological trends become part of organizations problems that were part of their processes come to light but also they start creating new issues that industries must recognize to know where they are in their path to having a fully developed digital environment.
The Thesis addresses the main challenges identified in the research paper of applications for DT and CPS from the Huma-Technology-Organization (HTO) and Work Process perspective of different sectors in a general overview. In order to get an understanding of what is a DT and the CPS, the Thesis presents definitions on the AM and digitalization related terms such as IIoT, IoT, BIM, and other associated terms. The work aims to clearly outline the CPS and the DT from what integrates them, the basic building blocks, and how they interact together for the industries and differentiate one from the other.
The work process includes investigating research papers, digital books, and e-books that have application examples on applications from the industry sectors of Construction, Health, and Energy of the DT and CPS. Also, the recommendations from research papers and technical proposals on how the new disruptive technologies are going to shape the next step for the industries.
The author selects the recommendations that could aid in the mitigation or eradication of the issues found from the applications by stating the possible benefits that these technological trends could bring in the same perspective used for the challenges.
From this work, a fair conclusion is that industries have to implement the DT and CPS. However, organizations have to do it, so their processes are not affected or end up costing more in further adaptations. Managers and decision-makers have to include everyone in the business to fully integrate the DT and CPS and evaluate the organization's maturity in the path for digital transformation
Management of Recurrent Pilonidal Sinus through Ayurveda Care and Surgery - A Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: Pilonidal disease refers to subcutaneous infection occurring in the upper half of the gluteal cleft having no communication in the anal canal. In Ayurveda it can be correlated to Shalyajanya Nadivrana which is described in detail by Acharya Sushrutha. It presents as an acute abscess or chronic wound associated with pus discharge and severe discomfort. In this case report we present 20 years old female patient who reported to the OPD of Shalya SDMCAH with the complains of pain associated with pus discharge at the natal cleft region since two weeks with a history of Z plasty surgery. Methods: The case was managed by surgical excision followed by Kshara Karma, Triphala Prakshalana and dressing with Jatyadi Taila. Internally the patient was administered with Triphala Guggulu and Gandhaka Rasayana. Discussion: Apamarga Kshara helps in removal of unhealthy granulation tissue and cellular debris by sclerosing properties thereby lowering the recurrence rate. Triphala Prakshalana and wound dressing by Jathyadhi Taila fastens the healing process by microcidal effect. Results: The initial complains of pain associated with pus discharge subsided within seven days, while complete healing of the tract was observed within two months. Conclusion: The surgical approach in contemporary science includes excision with reconstructive flaps (z-plasty). However, the recurrence rate is more and there are increased chances of developing wound infection. Hence in this case excision of sinus followed by apamarga kshara pratisarana was incorporated which showed promising results along with complete healing of the tract
Reduction in acute filariasis morbidity during a mass drug administration trial to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Acute painful swelling of the extremities and scrotum are debilitating clinical manifestations of Wuchereria bancrofti infection. The ongoing global program to eliminate filariasis using mass drug administration is expected to decrease this and other forms of filarial morbidity in the future by preventing establishment of new infections as a consequence of eliminating transmission by the mosquito vector. We examined whether mass treatment with anti-filarial drugs has a more immediate health benefit by monitoring acute filariasis morbidity in Papua New Guinean communities that participated in a 5-year mass drug administration trial. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Weekly active surveillance for acute filariasis morbidity defined by painful swelling of the extremities, scrotum and breast was performed 1 year before and each year after 4 annual mass administrations of anti-filarial drugs (16,480 person-years of observation). Acute morbidity events lasted <3 weeks in 92% of affected individuals and primarily involved the leg (74-79% of all annual events). The incidence for all communities considered together decreased from 0.39 per person-year in the pre-treatment year to 0.31, 0.15, 0.19 and 0.20 after each of 4 annual treatments (p<0.0001). Residents of communities with high pre-treatment transmission intensities (224-742 infective bites/person/year) experienced a greater reduction in acute morbidity (0.62 episodes per person-year pre-treatment vs. 0.30 in the 4(th) post-treatment year) than residents of communities with moderate pre-treatment transmission intensities (24-167 infective bites/person/year; 0.28 episodes per person-year pre-treatment vs. 0.16 in the 4(th) post-treatment year). CONCLUSIONS: Mass administration of anti-filarial drugs results in immediate health benefit by decreasing the incidence of acute attacks of leg and arm swelling in people with pre-existing infection. Reduction in acute filariasis morbidity parallels decreased transmission intensity, suggesting that continuing exposure to infective mosquitoes is involved in the pathogenesis of acute filariasis morbidity
PRASANAM
No full textPrasna is a sanskrit word which means interrogations or question or query. The name is given because, in this, the individual with the desire of knowing his future, approaches the astrologer and asks him about his future in the form of a question. The astrologer answer the question with the help of hoarary chart containing planetary positions calculated for the moment, when the question was asked. Since the prediction is made on the basis of the question asked, this method derives its name PRASNA or interrogatory astrology. Prasna shastra is a branch of Jyotish Shastra which deals with the prognosticating things based on the horoscope cast when a query is put to the astrologer. This technique is useful if birth time of the querist is not accurate or missing or to support analysis of the birth horoscope. Even though all questions can be answered with some degree of accuracy, through analysis of birth horoscope it is a good practice to draw up of the prasna horoscope to support the analysis.
Since there is an element of free will in human lives, the assessment of natal horoscope can never be 100% accurate as our destiny is not only shaped by our karma in past lives but also in this life. Prasna Marga sums it up quite beautifully by saying that if the Prasna chart shows negetive things compared to the natal horoscope, the native's destiny has deteriorated till the time he asked prasna and vice-versa. Thus analysis of a chart should be a combination of the Prasna as well as Natal horoscopes. The difficulty an astrologer faces for casting a prasna horoscope is the time and place for casting the horoscope. Unlike the place and time of birth, time of casting a prasna horoscope is not tangible. To understand what should be right time of casting the prasna we need to understand the dynamic involved in a prasna. Prasna is a tool which makes and astrologer a true daivagna or the messenger of the divine will. Only when the time is right for the querist to know more about his question, he will be inspired by the divine will to go to a qualified astrologer. Here is the astrologer just becomes a messenger of the divine will or just an instrument in the hand of the supreme consciousness. For this to happen two conditions must be satisfied; the queries should be sincere and the astrologer should be qualified. When I say a qualified astrologer, what do I mean? Prasna Marga states it quite clearly, which I can summarize as someone who has perfected the art of natal horoscopy and has the ability to read the heavens (positions of planets in the sky) and its signs (the nimitta and shakunas- the omens) and does his spiritual practice quite ardently (to connect to the supreme consciousness without hindrance).
Like birth of any being in this world in various phased such as impregnation, conception and delivery, the question also passes through similar phases. The impregnation happens when the question crops for the first time in the mind of the querist. Then when the querist ponders on the question and searches for answers, it is the phase of conception. The phase of conception continues till the question is asked to a Daivagna. However the delivery of the question didn't occur yet as it is still in the process of delivery. Only when the Daivagna is inspired to draw a horoscope to that query, the query is said to be delivered. Since the medium of delivery is the Daivagna, the time at which he is inspired and his location at that moment is important in drawing up the query.
At the time when the Daivagna gets the question, the happening in his surrounding offers cues to the nature of the question and the possible outcome, which are covered under shakuna shastra (the omens) and hence the Daivagna should be quite observant of any such cues. Arudha is a very important factor in Prasna or Horary astrology.from Arudha we predicit the past and from udaya langa we predicit the future. There are many methods of calculating the Arudha langa I am narrating here one of the methods from the our tradition. This method involves use of a number between 1 to 108 to find the nature of the query, hidden aspects of the query and the answer too. Divide the number by 9 and find the rasi and navamsa from the quotient and remainder respectively. Add 1 to the quotient to get the rasi in the following order, 1- Aries to 12- Pisces. In this case, 13 would be treated as Aries again (for number 108). Similarly the navamsa gained in the sign can be seen from the remainder. In this case if the remainder is 0, then it is taken as 9 (the last navamsa) and for such cases the quotient will not be added with 1. For example, lets see what should be the rasi and navamsa for number 45. In this case quotient will be 5 and remainder 0. Thus the rasi would be Leo (quotient 5 and the Navamsa would be the last navamsa of Leo which is Sagittarius. This principle is based on Navamsa since there are 108 navamsas in the zodiac, each number will correspond to a particular rasi and navamsa. Thus the duration of each number can be equated with 3d 20', which is the duration of 1 navamsa or a nakshatra pada
Structural interrogation of phosphoproteome identified by mass spectrometry reveals allowed and disallowed regions of phosphoconformation
Get PDFHigh-throughput mass spectrometric (HT-MS) study is the method of choice for monitoring global changes in proteome. Data derived from these studies are meant for further validation and experimentation to discover novel biological insights. Here we evaluate use of relative solvent accessible surface area (rSASA) and DEPTH as indices to assess experimentally determined phosphorylation events deposited in PhosphoSitePlus. Based on accessibility, we map these identifications on allowed (accessible) or disallowed (inaccessible) regions of phosphoconformation. Surprisingly a striking number of HT- MS/MS derived events (1461/5947 sites or 24.6%) are present in the disallowed region of conformation. By considering protein dynamics, autophosphorylation events and/or the sequence specificity of kinases, 13.8% of these phosphosites can be moved to the allowed region of conformation. We also demonstrate that rSASA values can be used to increase the confidence of identification of phosphorylation sites within an ambiguous MS dataset. While MS is a stand-alone technique for the identification of vast majority of phosphorylation events, identifications within disallowed region of conformation will benefit from techniques that independently probe for phosphorylation and protein dynamics. Our studies also imply that trapping alternate protein conformations may be a viable alternative to the design of inhibitors against mutation prone drug resistance kinases
Body fat measurement in Indian men: Comparison of three methods based on a two-compartment model.
No full textObesity is a major risk factor for diabetes and related disorders. The current classification of obesity is based on body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)), which is a surrogate for the total body fat. Since the relationship between BMI and body fat varies in different populations, an independent validation of the BMI-body fat relationship in the population of interest is desirable. OBJECTIVES: (1) To study the validity of field methods of measuring body fat (multiple skinfolds and bioimpedance) against a criterion method (deuterium dilution) and (2) To compare the prevalence of obesity (WHO 2000 criteria for BMI) with adiposity (body fat >25%) in middle-aged Indian men in rural and urban Pune. DESIGN: Community-based multistage stratified random sampling of middle-aged men from rural and urban Pune for study of body composition and cardiovascular risk. A third of these men, selected to represent wide BMI distribution, were studied for body fat measurements by specific methods. SUBJECTS: A total of 141 healthy men, approximately similar number from rural, urban slums and middle class from Pune. They were 39.3 (+/-6.2) y old and had a BMI of 21.9 (+/-3.7) kg/m(2). MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry (height, weight and multiple skinfold thicknesses) by trained observers using standardised technique to calculate body fat by Durnin and Womersley's equation. Total body water and body fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and deuterium oxide dilution (D(2)O). RESULTS: Mean total body fat was 14.3 kg (23.0%) by anthropometry, 16.5 kg (26.0%) by BIA and 15.3 kg (24.6%) by D(2)O method. Although there was a good correlation between fat estimation by three methods (r= approximately 0.9, P or =25-29.9 kg/m(2), 9.0% rural, 22.0% urban slums and 27.0% urban middle class) and 'obese' (BMI >30 kg/m(2), 4.0% urban slums, none in rural and urban middle class). CONCLUSION: We recommend that future studies assessing risk for chronic diseases in Indians should measure adiposity by anthropometry (multiple skinfolds) or BIA (calibrated for Indians) rather than relying only on BMI cut-points
Additive manufacturing of fractal antenna for electronics applications
No full textModern electronics device requires miniaturization and advanced functionality. Fractal antenna is
one of the current research for such requirement. A fractal antenna is an antenna with fragmented
geometry that has the characteristics of self similarity, which means, each part of the geometry is a
smaller version of the original geometry. This self-similarity will increase the perimeter of antenna
geometry that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation. Compare to conventional antenna,
fractal antenna take less area due to the many contours of the shape while keeping high radiation
efficiency and multi bandwidth. However, fabrication of fractal geometry is a difficult task due to
the complexity associated with it. In this work, the Additive manufacturing process is proposed for
the fabrication of these complex shape fractal antennas. Fabricated fractal geometry is tested on
the VNA network to measure the reflection and transmission. From the experimentation, it is
observed that the reflective coefficient of additive manufactured fractal antenna is -16.87 which is
in the acceptable range for the commercial electronic device. In addition, experimental result is
also validated by simulation using electromagnetic simulation software CST studio.Published versio
Bathynomus jamesi
No full textBathynomus jamesi vs Bathynomus kensleyi Two species of ‘super-giant’ Bathynomus have been described from the northern South China Sea region; one is B . kensleyi and the other is B. jamesi. Lowry and Dempsey (2006) recorded B. kensleyi from south of Hong Kong (20.334°- 20.834°N, 115.500°– 116.250°E); their specimens clearly showed upwardly curved pleotelsonic spines, and B. kensleyi was the only ‘super-giant’ Bathynomus species known in the South China Sea at that time. Kou et al. (2017) described B. jamesi from 100 kilometres south-east of Hainan Island and believed that Bathynomus sp. from the Gulf of Aden (Lowry and Dempsey 2006) was the same species as B . jamesi. All of these specimens of Bathynomus sp. and B. jamesi were immature or juvenile. *Data from Kou et al. (2017) and Table 2; **Data from present observation in Figures 18 and 21. ca.:circa. The COI sequences of our 10 sample individuals of B. jamesi are consistent with sequences of Kou et al. (2017) (NCBI Acc. No. KX 417647), confirming that they are the same species as B. jamesi (Figure 11). All material examined by Kou et al. (2017) was immature, and none of the individuals showed ‘upwardly curved pleotelsonic spines’. In contrast, the 10 mature individuals we collected all show the ‘upwardly curved pleotelsonic spines’ that is characteristic of B. kensleyi. However, as discussed in the ‘Remarks’ for B. jamesi, B. kensleyi differs noticeably from B. jamesi with regard to clypeus and pleon morphology, and also in the fine detail of the uropodal rami. It is clear that the mature adults of B. jamesi have upturned elongate pleotelson spines, and that three species now share this character: B. jamesi from the South China Sea; B. kensleyi from the Coral Sea in eastern Australia (see comments on B. kensleyi below); and B. lowryi from the Andaman Sea, Thailand. Truong (2015) identified Bathynomus species found off the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea as B. kensleyi, with the characteristic 11 upwardly curved pleotelsonic spines, but this species shows the clypeus, pleon and uropodal characters of B. jamesi, and is here recognised as that species. B. kensleyi has only one entry in NCBI (Acc. No. MN654915), from India (Prasanna Kumar et al. 2020). A comparison shows that the DNA sequence of the COI from NCBI (India sample) differs from each of the 10 individual sequences from the South China Sea. Direct comparison of the figures given by Prasanna Kumar et al. (2020) and Sankar et al. (2011) show that the specimen from India has been misidentified: it is neither B. jamesi nor B. kensleyi and may represent an undescribed species. We used COI as the main basis for species identification, and 16S rRNA as an auxiliary mechanism for identifying the target species. As noted above, our recovered DNA sequences of B. jamesi for COI were not completely identical among individuals. Although the DNA sequence of COI displays individual differences, it is not a systematic variable (Figure 11). These variations can be regarded as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The SNPs were found at seven of 657 bp loci (Figure 11). We interpret this as an individual, not taxonomic, variation because the ratio is low (the maximum is 3/657 on TMCD003332 (NCBI Acc. No. MW577651)). The most mutable point appeared to be position 348, where A> T (in three individuals) and A> C (in two individuals) were both found. These results show that genetic diversity exists within the population, and that they have the potential to produce morphological variation and even new species. Although the COI sequences of the 10 individuals are almost the same, there appear to be two phenotypes (Table 1). With respect to the identification of Bathynomus in terms of the length of the flagellum, in most specimens it extends to pereonite 2, but in a few (such as TMCD003328 and TMCD003333) it can reach pereonite 3. Eight of our specimens were stout-bodied and two were slim-bodied (Table 1 and Figure 9), the former being widest at pereonite 5 (vs pereonite 4) and having long, pointed pleotelson spines (vs stubby spines). Pleotelson length ranged from 1.51 to 2.71 times the width, with a large difference (Table 1) among all 10 specimens. Due to the apparent difference in appearance, if the slim-bodied group is separated, it may potentially be regarded as a different species, while the stout-bodied type conforms to B. jamesi. There are differences in the number of pleotelson spines and RS as well (Tables 1 and 4). COI and 16S rRNA sequences are reliable methods, but unfortunately, many molecular biologists are not familiar with the taxonomy of this group or how to identify its species. Incorrect identification creates many problems. The identification of B. kensleyi (MN654915) from the Indian Ocean is incorrect (Sankar et al. 2011), and it is improbable that B. doederleini, B. kensleyi, B. decemspinosus (from Parangipettai, India), and B. giganteus (from Chennai, India) occur in the Indian Ocean (Prasanna Kumar et al. 2020) as no species of Bathynomus is known to have a trans-ocean distribution (Magalhães and Young 2003; Lowry and Dempsey 2006; Sidabalok et al. 2020). The misidentification of Bathynomus sp. by Sankar et al. (2011) and Prasanna Kumar et al. (2020) can be seen in both the morphology and DNA sequences of COI. The morphology of B. decemspinosus in terms of the central spine is significantly different from that of the holotype (Sankar et al. 2011, p. 114, fig. 1 vs Shih 1972, p. 43, Plate IV); and B. doederleini, in terms of the pleotelson morphology and the length ratio of spines on the posterior margin, is also different. The holotype of B. doederleini has smaller spines on both sides of the central spines, but these characters are not present in the sample of Sankar et al. (2011 p. 114, fig. 2), Ortmann (1894, p. 193, lines 4–6) or of Lowry and Dempsey (2006, p. 177, fig. 10f), Figure 10f. It is difficult to confirm or reject the identification of B. kensleyi by photo (Sankar et al. 2011, p. 114, fig. 3). Bathynomus decemspinosus has no registered DNA sequence data for comparison. Bathynomus doederleini has the most data for comparison (eg AB851912, MZ723938, and MK953514); there are at least six recorded positions of DNA nucleotides of various types. In B. kensleyi, in the DNA sequence of COI (MN654915) and the data we analysed (MW575454), there are nucleotide variants in 42 positions in the DNA sequence of COI. Finally, Prasanna Kumar et al. (2020) cited old references, claiming that B. giganteus was collected from in-shore waters of Chennai, India. Because DNA analysis is a very precise method of species identification, once the species is misidentified and submitted into the database, it can have very serious consequences. *Data from Kou et al. (2017). Bathynomus kensleyi (Lowry and Dempsey, 2006) was described from off the Great Barrier Reef, in the western Coral Sea. The type locality is ‘ South-east of Swain Reefs, 22.918°S ʹ 154.354°E, Coral Sea, 590–606 m depth’. Additional locations in eastern Australia included off Flynn Reef and Lihou Reef (see Material examined) in the northern Great Barrier Reef. The species was also recorded from Taiwan, south of Hong Kong and the Philippines. The records from off Hong Kong and Taiwan and the specimens from Luzon, northern Philippines, have here been re-identified as B . jamesi. The two specimens of B. kensleyi from the Sulu Sea (AM P42711, P42712) differ from the holotype and other specimens from eastern Australia by a distinctly ovate pereon; deeply incised maxillipedal somite (in dorsal view); pleoteolson spines fine, more ‘needle-like’; pleon short, only 17% of total body length (compared to B. jamesi at 29%); pleonite 3 does not posteriorly overlap pleonites 4 and 5, and pleonite 4 does not extend posterior to pleonite 5; and uropodal exopod lateral margin strongly convex. The Sulu Sea specimens are also taken from a far greater depth than most Bathynomus, from the continental rise at 2500 metres. The Sulu Sea specimens represent an undescribed species of Bathynomus. At present we regard B. kensleyi as occurring only in the western Coral Sea; the species is not present in the South China Sea or anywhere in the Northern Hemisphere.Published as part of Huang, Ming-Chih, Kawai, Tadashi & Bruce, Niel L., 2022, A new species of Bathynomus Milne-Edwards, 1879 (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) from the southern Gulf of Mexico with a redescription of Bathynomus jamesi Kou, Chen and Li, 2017 from off Pratas Island, Taiwan, pp. 885-921 in Journal of Natural History 56 (13 - 16) on pages 912-916, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2086835, http://zenodo.org/record/701215
- …
