119,589 research outputs found
Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni 2014
No full textTylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 Materials Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: BNHS Sp. 119; recordedBy: V. Deshpande; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adults; Taxon: scientificName: Tylorida sataraensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; specificEpithet: sataraensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Kulkarni, 2014; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara; locality: Chalkewadi; verbatimLocality: Chalkewadi sada; verbatimElevation: 1078 m; georeferenceVerificationStatus: Verified by collector; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; dateIdentified: 08/05/2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Hand picking; eventDate: 05/06/2013; habitat: Rocky plateaus; Record Level: language: en; rightsHolder: Siddharth Kulkarni; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai; institutionCode: BNHS; collectionCode: Sp Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: BNHS Sp. 120-121; recordedBy: S. Kulkarni and A. Vartak; individualCount: 2; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: Adults; Taxon: scientificName: Tylorida sataraensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; specificEpithet: sataraensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Kulkarni, 2014; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara; locality: Chalkewadi; verbatimLocality: Chalkewadi sada; verbatimElevation: 1078 m; georeferenceVerificationStatus: Verified by collector; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; dateIdentified: 08/05/2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Hand picking; eventDate: 04/19/2014; habitat: Rocky plateaus; Record Level: language: en; rightsHolder: Siddharth Kulkarni; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai; institutionCode: BNHS; collectionCode: Sp Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: BNHS Sp. 122 & 123; recordedBy: S. Kulkarni; individualCount: 2; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: Adults; Taxon: scientificName: Tylorida sataraensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; specificEpithet: sataraensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Kulkarni, 2014; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara; locality: Kaas; verbatimLocality: Kaas sada; verbatimElevation: 1123 m; georeferenceVerificationStatus: Verified by collector; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; dateIdentified: 08/05/2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Hand picking; eventDate: 02/14/2014; habitat: Rocky plateaus; Record Level: language: en; rightsHolder: Siddharth Kulkarni; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai; institutionCode: BNHS; collectionCode: Sp Description Total length: 8.1-9.7; carapace: 3.91-4.27 long, 2.31-2.48 wide; abdomen: 3.89-4.01 long, 1.78-1.89 wide. Body pattern in male similar to its female (Kulkarni 2014) (Figs 6, 7). Cephalothorax. Cephalic and thoracic region in same plane. Lateral eyes encircled black, placed on prominent tubercles. AME separated by its diameter, PME less than its diameter. Smooth black pubescence on carapace. Thoracic region margined dark black. Chelicerae brown, long with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Labium brown, semi-circular with slight corrugations; endites longer than wide, with wider proximal edge. Sternum brown, overall heart-shaped with straight margin at coxa II and folded inwards at coxae III and IV. Legs yellow coloured, femora black distally. Abdomen oval shaped, narrower than cephalothorax and slightly overlapping thoracic region when viewed laterally. Dorsum covered with greenish pubescence; venter black with thick yellow lines on the margin, sparsely covered with silver specks and whitish pubescence. Cymbial dorso-basal process is shorter than half the cymbial width and perpendicular to cymbium longitudinal axis. Embolar base roughly circular. Long macrosetae on palpal metatarsus measuring half times its length. Morphometry of palpal organs is given in Table 1. Remarks The variation in body size and patterns in T. ventralis (see Jäger and Praxaysombath 2009) may be confused with T. sataraensis. Male palp and female epigyne examination can confirm the species identity. Furthermore, we found webs of T. sataraensis exclusively above and across stream water surfaces whereas webs of T. ventralis were found either adjacent to stream margins or away, among low vegetation; both observed in different localities. Diagnosis Tylorida sataraensis is closely related to T. ventralis but distinguished from all described Tylorida species by the following combination of characters: less swollen tegulum ventrally, longer embolar tip (Figs 1, 2, 3), presence of macroseta on palpal patella (Fig. 4). CDBP erect and pointed in T. sataraensis but slightly bent upwards near tip in T. ventralis (Fig. 5). Paracymbium arrow shaped, lateral margins curved, distal end folded inwards in former but with straight lateral margins and distal edge bulged at one end in latter species. Overall, T. sataraensis is large sized species than T. ventralis (Table 1). Distribution India, Maharashtra, Satara.Published as part of Kulkarni, Siddharth Shrikant & Lewis, Todd R, 2015, Description of male Tyloridasataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status, pp. 4451 in Biodiversity Data Journal 3 on page 4451, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e445
Humanity, communities, Minds, Perceptions and Knowledge on Ice
No full textDr. Anil V. Kulkarni, Indian Institute of Science / Divecha Center for Climate Change and Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, India, talks here in the NRF 6th open assembly in Hveragerði, Iceland, in September of 2011.
The sessions name is Humanity, communities, Minds, Perceptions and Knowledge on Ice.
Please click on the link above to see the video
Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni 2014
No full text<p>Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014</p> <p>Materials</p> <p>Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: BNHS Sp. 119; recordedBy: V. Deshpande; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: Adults; Taxon: scientificName: Tylorida sataraensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; specificEpithet: sataraensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Kulkarni, 2014; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara; locality: Chalkewadi; verbatimLocality: Chalkewadi sada; verbatimElevation: 1078 m; georeferenceVerificationStatus: Verified by collector; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; dateIdentified: 08/05/2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Hand picking; eventDate: 05/06/2013; habitat: Rocky plateaus; Record Level: language: en; rightsHolder: Siddharth Kulkarni; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai; institutionCode: BNHS; collectionCode: Sp Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: BNHS Sp. 120-121; recordedBy: S. Kulkarni and A. Vartak; individualCount: 2; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: Adults; Taxon: scientificName: Tylorida sataraensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; specificEpithet: sataraensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Kulkarni, 2014; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara; locality: Chalkewadi; verbatimLocality: Chalkewadi sada; verbatimElevation: 1078 m; georeferenceVerificationStatus: Verified by collector; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; dateIdentified: 08/05/2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Hand picking; eventDate: 04/19/2014; habitat: Rocky plateaus; Record Level: language: en; rightsHolder: Siddharth Kulkarni; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai; institutionCode: BNHS; collectionCode: Sp Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: BNHS Sp. 122 & 123; recordedBy: S. Kulkarni; individualCount: 2; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: Adults; Taxon: scientificName: Tylorida sataraensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; specificEpithet: sataraensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Kulkarni, 2014; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara; locality: Kaas; verbatimLocality: Kaas sada; verbatimElevation: 1123 m; georeferenceVerificationStatus: Verified by collector; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; dateIdentified: 08/05/2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Hand picking; eventDate: 02/14/2014; habitat: Rocky plateaus; Record Level: language: en; rightsHolder: Siddharth Kulkarni; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai; institutionCode: BNHS; collectionCode: Sp</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Total length: 8.1-9.7; carapace: 3.91-4.27 long, 2.31-2.48 wide; abdomen: 3.89-4.01 long, 1.78-1.89 wide. Body pattern in male similar to its female (Kulkarni 2014) (Figs 6, 7). Cephalothorax. Cephalic and thoracic region in same plane. Lateral eyes encircled black, placed on prominent tubercles. AME separated by its diameter, PME less than its diameter. Smooth black pubescence on carapace. Thoracic region margined dark black. Chelicerae brown, long with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Labium brown, semi-circular with slight corrugations; endites longer than wide, with wider proximal edge. Sternum brown, overall heart-shaped with straight margin at coxa II and folded inwards at coxae III and IV. Legs yellow coloured, femora black distally. Abdomen oval shaped, narrower than cephalothorax and slightly overlapping thoracic region when viewed laterally. Dorsum covered with greenish pubescence; venter black with thick yellow lines on the margin, sparsely covered with silver specks and whitish pubescence.</p> <p>Cymbial dorso-basal process is shorter than half the cymbial width and perpendicular to cymbium longitudinal axis. Embolar base roughly circular. Long macrosetae on palpal metatarsus measuring half times its length. Morphometry of palpal organs is given in Table 1.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The variation in body size and patterns in T. ventralis (see Jäger and Praxaysombath 2009) may be confused with T. sataraensis. Male palp and female epigyne examination can confirm the species identity. Furthermore, we found webs of T. sataraensis exclusively above and across stream water surfaces whereas webs of T. ventralis were found either adjacent to stream margins or away, among low vegetation; both observed in different localities.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Tylorida sataraensis is closely related to T. ventralis but distinguished from all described Tylorida species by the following combination of characters: less swollen tegulum ventrally, longer embolar tip (Figs 1, 2, 3), presence of macroseta on palpal patella (Fig. 4). CDBP erect and pointed in T. sataraensis but slightly bent upwards near tip in T. ventralis (Fig. 5). Paracymbium arrow shaped, lateral margins curved, distal end folded inwards in former but with straight lateral margins and distal edge bulged at one end in latter species. Overall, T. sataraensis is large sized species than T. ventralis (Table 1).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>India, Maharashtra, Satara.</p>Published as part of <i>Kulkarni, Siddharth Shrikant & Lewis, Todd R, 2015, Description of male Tyloridasataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status, pp. 4451 in Biodiversity Data Journal 3</i> on page 4451, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e445
Dattatraya V. Kulkarni and University President David Mathews shaking hands at the University Club
No full textProfessor Dattatraya V. Kulkarni, School of Social Work, and University President David Mathews are shaking hands at the University Club around 1972
Dissolved fulvic acids from a high arsenic aquifer shuttle electrons to enhance microbial iron reduction
No full textCitation: Harshad V. Kulkarni, Natalie Mladenov, Diane M. McKnight, Yan Zheng, Matthew F. Kirk, Diana R. Nemergut, Dissolved fulvic acids from a high arsenic aquifer shuttle electrons to enhance microbial iron reduction, In Science of The Total Environment, 615, 1390-1395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.164It was demonstrated more than two decades ago that microorganisms use humic substances, including fulvic acid (FA), as electron shuttles during iron (Fe) reduction in anaerobic soils and sediments. The relevance of this mechanism for the acceleration of Fe(III) reduction in arsenic-laden groundwater environments is gaining wider attention. Here we provide new evidence that dissolved FAs isolated from sediment-influenced surface water and groundwater in the Bengal Basin were capable of electron shuttling between Geobacter metallireducens and Fe(III). Moreover, all four Bangladesh sediment-derived dissolved FAs investigated in this study had higher electron accepting capacity (176 to 245 μmol/g) compared to aquatic FAs, such as Suwanee River Fulvic Acid (67 μmol/g). Our direct evidence that Bangladesh FAs are capable of intermediate electron transfer to Fe(III) supports other studies that implicate electron shuttling by sediment-derived aqueous humics to enhance Fe reduction and, in turn, As mobility. Overall, the finding of greater electron accepting capacity by dissolved FAs from groundwater and other sediment-influenced environments advances our understanding of mechanisms that control Fe reduction under conditions where electron transfer is the rate limiting step
Giant assassin in the cave: a new species of the genus Myiophanes from Sri Lanka (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae)
No full textGhate, Hemant V., Kulkarni, Siddharth, Benjamin, Suresh P. (2018): Giant assassin in the cave: a new species of the genus Myiophanes from Sri Lanka (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae). Zootaxa 4524 (2): 237-244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.
FIGURES 5–7 in A new cavernicolous assassin bug of the genus Bagauda Bergroth (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from the Western Ghats, India
No full textFIGURES 5–7. Bagauda ernstmayri sp. nov., fore leg. 5, Femur, tibia and tarsus showing color and relative proportions; 6, tarsus showing dark, longest basal segment; 7, tibia showing a ventral row of adpressed dark spines.Published as part of Kulkarni, Siddharth & Ghate, Hemant V., 2016, A new cavernicolous assassin bug of the genus Bagauda Bergroth (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from the Western Ghats, India, pp. 365-375 in Zootaxa 4127 (2) on page 369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/26680
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Meotipa sahyadri Kulkarni, Vartak, Deshpande & Halali, 2017, new species
No full textMeotipa sahyadri new species (Figs. 1–38) Diagnosis. The eXceptionally tall and thin abdominal projection is characteristic for female Meotipa sahyadri n. sp. (Figs. 12, 13). This species is morphologically and geographically distributed close to Meotipa picturata; morphologically for presence of rod-shaped projection in epigynal atrium, but distinguishable by its trifid (Figs. 19, 22) (vs. flat, quandrangular (Figs. 43, 44)) shape, shorter and wider copulatory ducts (vs. narrow, long) and spermathecae being separated by less than their diameter. Copulatory duct 2.1 times longer than spermatheca width (Figs. 18, 23) (vs. 3.5 times longer (Figs. 42)). Width of epigynal projection at tip 0.5 times atrium radius (Fig. 22), (vs. equal to atrium radius (Fig. 43)). Males of M. sahyadri n. sp. have straight embolus (Figs.29–31) (vs. coiled in Meotipa bituberculata Deeleman-Reinhold, 2009, Meotipa impatiens Deeleman-Reinhold, 2009) eXceeding 1.7 times conductor length (vs. about 1.3 times in Meotipa spiniventris (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869), 1.1 times in Meotipa vesiculosa Simon, 1895, receding in Meotipa argyrodiformis (Yaginuma, 1952), Meotipa pulcherrima (Mello-Leitão, 1917) and Meotipa thalerorum Deeleman-Reinhold, 2009). For differential diagnosis to female Meotipa species, refer Table 1. Etymology. The species is named after ‘Sahyadri’ (noun in apposition), a Sanskrit vernacular name for the northern Western Ghats which comprise all localities of the new species. Type material. Holotype female, (BNHS Sp. 358), 12.i.2016, Botanical Garden, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara (17.685 N, 74.011 E, 707 m), INDIA, coll. S. Kulkarni & V. Deshpande. Additional material studied. 1 male, 1 female (BNHS), Xi.2011, (type locality), coll. S. Kulkarni; 1 female (BNHS Sp. 71), (type locality), iX.2013, coll. S. Kulkarni and Y. Koli; 1 female (BNHS Sp. 98), (type locality), viii.2012, coll. S. Kulkarni; 3 females, (BNHS) X.2016, (type locality), coll. S. Yadav. 1 male, 1 female (BNHS Sp. 357), 16.Xi.2014, Sanguem (15.229 N, 74.150 E, 58.9 m), Goa, INDIA, coll. D. Halali. 1 female, iX. 2014, near Bharuch (21.658 N, 72.956 E, 30.9 m), Bharuch District, Gujarat, INDIA, coll. P. Patel. 2 male, 9 females, (BNHS Sp. 359), 14.i.2015, near Boisar (19.800 N, 72.707 E, 13 m), Maharashtra, INDIA, coll. A. Vartak. 1 female, (BNHS), iX. 2013, Devihansol (16.744 N, 73.427 E, 140.5 m), Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra, INDIA, coll. S. Kulkarni. Description. Female (holotype). Measurements. Total length— 5.4 mm, Carapace length— 1.93 mm, width— 1.5 mm, height— 1.08 mm. Abdomen length— 3.3 mm, height— 5.1 mm, Leg I—5.38/0.55/3.56/4.42/0.69, Leg II—3.78/0.55/2.21/3.14/0.71, Leg III—2.8/0.51/1.8/2.3/0.7, Leg IV—4.98/0.67/3.07/4.56/0.85. Medium-sized, grossly yellowish-white spider. Cephalothorax: Carapace with dark brown inverted ‘Ψ’ (psi) mark, lateral margins brown (Fig. 1). Clypeus with mid-longitudinal brown stripe, narrowed at base, four times longer than AME diameter. AME dark eXcept on lateral sides, all other eyes pearly white (Fig. 2). Chelicerae white, surface smooth, bearing one anterior, two promarginal, one retro-marginal tooth; whiskered PES at base and stridulatory ridges on dorso-lateral and ventrolateral surface (Fig. 3). Fang surface dorsally smooth, ventrally serrated (Figs. 3, 4). Labium trapezoid, maXillae oval, both pale white; sternum sub-triangular, folded inwards at coXae (Fig. 5). In lateral view, cephalic region flat, thoraX elevated distally (Fig. 6). Legs: Legs slender, with brown, discrete rings on femora, tibia distally brown, metatarsus apically darker; black FS on patella to tibia (Fig. 7); these setae longitudinally striated, bearing spinules and sharp apically (Fig. 9). Cylindrical, forwardly pointed setae bearing spinules on all legs (Fig. 9). Tibia, metatarsus bearing row of slit sensilla (Fig. 9) and short trichobothria (Figs. 9, 10). Tarsal comb with elevated base, straight serrations, distinctly notched (Fig. 11) typical to that of Theridiinae (Agnarsson 2004). Abdomen: tall, colour pale yellow, mottled with pearly white guanine spots, scattered brown, black pattern on dorsum (Fig. 12); laterally white, basal one-third white translucent in live specimens (Fig. 13) (turned opaque white in ethanol); back side of abdominal apeX margined with dark brown lines; black FS on apeX and base (Fig. 8). Spinnerets: Spinnerets white with pair of brown dots and lines laterally. Arrangements of spigots on ALS, PMS, PLS similar to that of other Theridiinae (Fig.14). About 40 piriform spigots on ALS (Fig.15). One cylindrical spigot on PMS (Fig.16) and two on PLS (Fig.17), each with short base. Flagelliform spigot on PLS longer than its cylindrical spigot length. Two aciniform spigots on PMS. Shaft of minor ampullate spigot longer than cylindrical spigot on PMS. Epigynum: small, CD longer than spermatheca diameter (Fig.18). Epigynal projection emerging out medially from atrium (Fig.19), perpendicularly (Fig.20); its length slightly eXceeding rim of atrium, lateral margins curved up to middle margin, converged apically (Fig.21), its head trifid (Fig. 22). CO located underside of this projection. Epigynal projection: Deeleman-Reinhold (2009) referred this term as ‘rod-shaped projection’ in M.picturata. In both, M. sahyadri n. sp. and M.picturata, it arises from the inward fold of upper margin of atrium (Figs. 22, 43) and CO located underside of it. Variation (in females). Total length in 15 other females: 4.5 mm – 5.6 mm, abdominal height: 4.7 mm – 6.1 mm. The inverted ‘Ψ’ (psi) mark on carapace discrete in 9 females. Flattened setae on legs and abdomen detach easily in alcohol. Description. Male . Measurements. Total length— 1.25 mm, Carapace length— 0.59 mm, width— 0.39 mm, height— 0.35 mm. Abdomen length— 0.66 mm, height— 0.83 mm, Leg I—1.28/0.18/0.9/1.17/0.48, Leg II—0.8/ 0.51/1.8/2.3/0.7, Leg III—0.77/0.20/0.52/0.66/0.32, Leg IV—0.85/0.16/0.45/0.87/0.39. Small-sized, grossly yellowish-white at life, pattern similar to female (Fig. 24). Cephalothorax: Carapace with complete mid-longitudinal brown stripe (Fig. 25), flat, covered with long setae. Clypeus with mid-longitudinal brown stripe, 2.2 times longer than AME diameter. Eye arrangement and colour similar to female. Chelicerae, labium, maXillae pale white (Fig. 26, 27). Labium trapezoid, maXillae oval, both pale white; sternum sub-triangular, 1.7 times longer than wide, uniform margin at coXae (Fig. 27). Legs: Colour pattern similar to female, with cylindrical forwardly pointed setae, devoid of flattened setae. Abdomen: pale white devoid of any translucence, with dark green spots on dorsum and venter, white guanine patches laterally. Abdominal shape triangular in lateral view, not elevated in comparison to female (Fig. 28). Palp: Conductor mostly membranous, folded along length, broader and chitinous apically (Figs. 29, 30). Embolus eXceeding conductor length (Figs. 29–31), broader at base, narrow apically (Fig. 32). Tegulum and subtegulum separated by thin margin (Fig. 33). Distribution. Known from localities in the northern Western Ghats in India (see material eXamined, map Fig. 45). Natural History. Females were observed with egg cases during post-monsoon months of September-October (Fig. 34). We observed more than one male on a female’s web. The rarity of males is known in Meotipa, where seX ratio is biased towards females (Deeleman-Reinhold 2009). We collected 3 males and 18 females, however since our sampling was occasional, seX ratio in M. sahyadri n. sp. was not quantified. The sampling sites included a botanical garden (type locality) and secondary forest (other localities) where we found that M. sahyadri n. sp. constructs web only on broad leaved plants viz. Fig Ficus sp., Teak Tectona grandis and Chapha Plumeria sp., at a height between 1–3 metres above the ground, but we did not locate them above 3 metres height. Each leaf had only one female web, although a branch with three leaves had a female on each. A caterpillar was observed captured in the web and being fed by female spider (Fig.35). The resting position of adult and sub-adult female M. sahyadri n. sp. (Fig. 36) is similar to other Meotipa species during the day as described by Deeleman-Reinhold (2009); males are active diurnally. It remains motionless during the day, active during dark and has small web restricted to underside of leaf. On a teak tree leaf located in busy industrialized region, a darker colour morph of M. sahyadri n. sp. was collected (Fig. 37). We could not locate any more specimens in that region or such darker forms in other localities. In spite of the darker body colour, the translucent part of abdomen and legs observed. Eggs were visible from the translucent part of abdomen. There is no significant ontogenic colour variation based on our observations of first, second, third instars and adults of 28 live specimens from the type locality. We are not sure if the white translucence at part of abdomen is devoid of pigments and eXploring that is beyond the scope of this paper. Some females had black deposition below the hypodermis of abdomen (Fig.38), possibly eXcretory product; however, we could not determine its nature.Published as part of Kulkarni, Siddharth, Vartak, Atul, Deshpande, Vishwas & Halali, Dheeraj, 2017, The spiny theridiid genus Meotipa Simon, 1895 in India, with description of a strange new species with translucent abdomen and a phylogenetic analysis about the genus placement (Araneae, Theridiidae), pp. 504-520 in Zootaxa 4291 (3) on pages 506-515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/82765
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