1,720,971 research outputs found
Human metapneumovirus associated acute respiratory infections burden in older adults globally
No full textBackground:
The human metapneumovirus (hMPV)- associated disease burden in older adults remains under-researched. This review aimed to systematically estimate the global burden of hMPV-associated disease in older adults.
Methods:
We searched Medline, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus in February 2023, November 2023 and October 2024; and CNKI, Wanfang and CQVip in April 2024 and October 2024. We included studies conducted over ≥12 consecutive months, reporting on adults aged ≥60 years, and with laboratory-confirmed hMPV infections. Critical appraisal of included studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the pooled hMPV proportions positive in acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Using Monte Carlo simulation, we estimated the hMPV-associated hospitalisations globally, in high-income countries, low-and-middle-income countries and the USA in ≥65 years during 2019 as most studies reported on this age group. The hMPV-associated ARI incidence in countries other than the USA and outpatient/ community settings in the USA was summarised narratively.
The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023422325).
Findings:
Forty-six studies conducted between 2005 and 2023, and reporting on hMPV proportion positive estimates (n=36, with 29,866 laboratory tests), hospitalisation rate in the USA (n=4), and hMPV incidence (n=6) were included. We estimated 473,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 396,000; 777,000) hMPV-associated hospitalisations globally, 185,000 (105,000; 340,000) in high-income countries (n=6), and 288,000 (193,000; 436,000) in low-and-middle-income countries (n=10) in people aged ≥65 years during 2019. In the USA, the pooled hMPV-associated hospitalisation rate (n=4) was 231 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41; 421) per 100,000 persons in those aged ≥65 years, representing approximately 122,000 (41,000; 398,000) hospital admissions in this population during 2019.
Interpretation:
hMPV-associated ARIs contribute to a significant disease and hospitalisation burden in older adults. However, large-scale surveillance studies with more investment in research and diagnostic methods to develop reliable estimates are required
Incidence, severity, risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the Omicron period: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textOur previous systematic review estimated the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections as 1.16% (1.01%-1.33%) during the pre-Omicron period. The Omicron variant that emerged in November 2021 was significantly genetically distinct from the previous SARS-CoV-2 variants and thus, more transmissible and posed an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in the population. We, therefore, conducted a fresh systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection burden during the Omicron period. We searched CINAHL, Medline, Global Health, Embase, and WHO COVID-19 in October 2023 for studies reporting the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence during the Omicron period. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the incidence, and requirement of hospitalisation of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Symptomatic severity of reinfections and case fatality rates were analysed narratively. Thirty-six studies were included. We estimated the reinfection cumulative incidence during the Omicron period based on data from 28 studies. We also presented the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections by age-groups, vaccination status, and in healthcare workers. Data were limited on disease severity and long-term outcomes. The dataset contains information on the study characteristics of included studies, and overall incidence data, incidence data stratified by different variables (mainly age, sex, vaccination status, comorbidity status, and occupation) and severity and outcomes data reported in included studies
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in people aged <19 years
No full textThe files presented are the standardised data extraction sheets that were used to extract data from the primary included in the systematic review on the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and adolescents (people aged <19 years). These data are related to the upcoming publication: Kulkarni, D., Ismail, N.F., Zhu, F., Wang, X., del Carmen Morales, G., Allen, K.E., Spinardi, J., Rahman, A.E., Kyaw, M.H. and Nair, H. (in submission). Epidemiology and Clinical Features of SARS- CoV-2 Infections in Children and Adolescents in the Pre-Omicron Era: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
