1,720,995 research outputs found
Special Issue on Remote Micro- and Nano-Manufacturing Science, Engineering, and Education
No full textWe are living through challenging times. A global pandemic
has forced us to adapt to new ways of living, working, relating,
teaching, and conducting research. Our micro-manufacturing
community is presented with unique challenges during this crisis
since the majority of our research relies heavily on experiments
conducted in the labs and access to research infrastructure has
been severely limited and in-person lab work has been curtailed or
stopped altogether for a significant period. Similarly, in manufacturing education due to health concerns, most of the in-person
classes have transferred to a remote mode of teaching that very
few of us had previous experience with.
The extended duration of the undergoing emergency has transformed some of the approaches that were initially thought of as
quick workarounds and temporary solutions into more durable
methodologies for manufacturing research and education that are
here to stay (possibly in somewhat modified form) in the upcoming years even when the health crisis will pass.
The micro-manufacturing community has been active during
this fraught period in looking for new solutions to challenging
manufacturing issues. Due to limitations to in-person experimental science, many of the research approaches rely more heavily on
theoretical methodologies and simulation of manufacturing procedures. At the same time, challenges of remote operations, automation, optical recognition, implementation of artificial intelligence
in manufacturing processes were required in many cases to continue experimental work. These emerging tools, equipment, and
methods will advance our science and will continue to exist side
by side with more traditional approaches to achieve superior
results in micro- and nano-manufacturing.
This Special Issue of the ASME Journal of Micro- and NanoManufacturing is devoted to Remote Micro- and NanoManufacturing Science, Engineering, and Education. The special
issue contains a representative collection of research works on a
wide range of subjects covering areas from biomedical applications and surface functionalization to hybrid process chains and
the use of artificial intelligence techniques. Opinion pieces are
included as well, and they present reflections on the effects of the
pandemic on the micro-manufacturing research and education in
the USA and on the shift from “in-person” to “online” instruction
mode of project-based teaching of manufacturing.
The Guest Editors would like to thank the Authors for their
prompt efforts in preparing their papers, as well as all the
Reviewers for their assistance. We also thank the ASME Journal
of Micro- and Nano-Manufacturing Editor, the Editorial Office,
and the ASME Production Team.
We hope that our readers will find the subjects and topics discussed in this collection to be useful and thought-provoking
Recommended from our members
Emerging Technologies and Applications of Parallel, Electrokinetic Micro and Nano Assembly
Full text linkAs research into miniaturization continues to aid in the advancement of modern technology and engineering, increased importance has been placed on the development of micro and nano assembly techniques which are economically and commercially viable. This thesis presents novel research into the use of electrokinetically driven parallel assembly techniques of micro and nano objects. A new process for the repair of microelectrodes is reported. Through dielectrophoresis-driven parallel assembly of carbon nanotubes into conductive bridges, the process was successfully restored conductivity was successfully across fractured microelectrodes. Additionally, complete carbon nanotube structures were assembled across electrode gaps of over 170 microns, to the author’s knowledge the largest reported to date. This research serves as a strong proof of concept of the capabilities and utility of parallel micro assembly techniques driven by electrokinetic forces to solve technical challenges in a quick and cost effective manner.Additional research contained in this thesis presents a novel artificial intelligence-driven cyber-physical system, designed and built to aid in the characterization of electrokinetic forces and the response of micro objects to them. Foregoing complex calculation and modeling, the presented system was found capable of characterizing the response of polystyrene beads to changes in dielectrophoretic force resulting from varying frequency of an induced electric field. This system demonstrates the power of integrating emerging artificial intelligence technology into micro assembly research and development. The phenomenological approach to micro assembly made possible by artificial intelligence opens up a new and exciting pathway for development of next-generation micro assembly technologies
Microfabricated Platforms for Microassembly of Inorganic/Organic/Biological System
Full text linkAssembly of microdevices from constituent parts usually relies on serial steps via assembly processes such as pick and place operations. These serial assembly processes are slow and produce insufficient yield as parts size decreases from millimeters to microns. The present work introduces an electrokinetic assembly process that acts on micro- and nano-parts via a guided, noncontact, scalable process capable of selectively attracting specific types of microparts by varying the frequency and potential of the applied AC signal. The Photolithography and Carbon-MEMs (CMEMs) processes are utilized in creating interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEAs) that are used as substrates for the discussed electrokinetic guided micro and nano assembly. Electrokinetic forces under consideration include dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electroosmosis (EO). The work starts with outlining the current state-of-the-art in the field of micro- and nano-assembly and progresses to describe the fabrication and experimental setup of the electrokinetic assembly platform. The IDEAs are coated with a layer of lithographically patterned resist so that when an AC electric field is applied to the IDEA, microparticles suspended in the aqueous solution are attracted to the open regions of the electrodes not covered by photoresist. The interplay between AC electro-osmosis and dielectrophoretic forces guides polystyrene beads of different sizes to assemble in regions, or “wells,” uncovered by photoresists atop the electrodes. This is followed by the results and discussion of the electrokinetic assembly of 1 micron and 5 micron polymer (polystyrene) beads at specific locations on glassy carbon interdigitated electrode arrays. One application proposed for this microassembly technique is the post-amplification of chemical and biological assays by collecting the fluorescent beads into the wells for enhancement of the fluorescent signal of the test.
The work subsequently introduces an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based approach that supplements the electrokinetic handling of the microbeads. The visual feed from the digital camera is digitally processed to recognize the interfaces of the beads, and the AI algorithms are then used to determine if the beads are attracted to or are repelled from the electrodes. This process is used to automatically determine the dielectrophoretic cross-over frequency, a critical property for studying dielectrophoresis of micro- and nano- parts. In this study, a Feedback Control System first uses a digital camera and a microscope to capture microbeads' motion. And then, the OpenCV software package analyzes the relative positions of microbeads in consecutive frames to determine the direction of the microbeads’ movement for the characterization of frequency ranges for positive and negative DEP.
Finally, a step-wise process using DEP force is presented. This step-wise process is used to deposit the carbon nanotube bridges along the applied electric field lines between two neighboring electrodes, and its application on healing damaged microelectrodes and the performance of the healed microelectrode are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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