1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evaluating the relationship between blubber lipids and fatty acids across blubber thickness in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) harvested for subsistence in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region
Full text linkBlubber is an adapted fat layer common to marine mammals that is used for buoyancy, thermoregulation, and energy storage. Its thickness ranges widely between species, from 2.5 cm in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), up to 50 cm in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus). Blubber is composed of various lipids and fatty acids and is not homogenous in structure or function throughout its depth. Depletion of energy stores from environmental or nutritional stress affects blubber thickness and thus decreases its functionality and the fitness and survival of the animal. Recently, beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Eastern Beaufort Sea (EBS) population have been observed with thinner blubber. Changes in blubber thickness and composition may reflect changes in prey availability and quality, or infection/injury of an individual, which may impact individual growth and reproduction rates, and overall population health. The composition and stratification of fatty acids and total lipid percent of EBS beluga blubber was examined and compared between individuals of differing blubber thicknesses. The influence of environmental temperature on fatty acid composition, as well as how biological covariates influence total lipid percent in the blubber and muscle tissue was also explored. Stratification of fatty acids was present, and the inner, middle, and outer blubber layers contained different proportions of fatty acid types as a function of blubber thickness. The innermost blubber layer contained more dietary fatty acids and fatty acids with higher melting points such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs), while the outermost blubber layer contained non-dietary fatty acids and fatty acids with lower melting points such as the short-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (SCMUFAs). The outer layers of blubber contained greater delta-9 desaturation values, demonstrating the impact that environmental temperature has on the fatty acid composition of the blubber. Whales with thinner blubber contained more SCMUFAs and fewer LCMUFAs than whales with thicker blubber, providing evidence of lower feeding rates in this subset of whales and demonstrating the altered distribution of fatty acids with lower melting points in thinner blubber in order to address environmental temperature effects. Total lipid percent was not influenced by body length, harvest location, standardized blubber thickness (body condition), or age, and was greatest in the middle layer of blubber. A significant, negative relationship was found between total lipid percent in the muscle tissue and outer blubber lipid percent, and a positive, significant relationship was found between total lipid percent in the muscle and total protein percent in the muscle. A shift in prey species distributions due to climate change is occurring in the Arctic, and thus a greater occurrence of thin beluga blubber and loss of the lipid-rich middle layer may occur. An overall reduction in thickness may render belugas vulnerable to increases in energy expenditure to maintain core body temperatures. Knowledge of beluga blubber, what factors affect its composition, and what compositional changes occur in thinner blubber is necessary to best inform conservation and management practices.February 202
Lipids in Anadromous Northern Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma malma)
Full text linkAnadromous Arctic fish species have adapted to a particular environment by evolving unique lipid cycling strategies such as storing large amounts of lipid during times of high productivity in order to survive long migrations, spawning events, and seasonal variation in food availability. Research on lipid content and storage location in the body is very limited, especially regarding the northern Dolly Varden, a fish species important culturally and for sustenance to the Indigenous Peoples in the western Canadian Arctic that is listed as ‘Special Concern’ under Species at Risk legislation. Lipid content in anadromous Dolly Varden obtained from two marine (coastal) (summer) and two freshwater (fall) locations were examined and compared to test for differences in percent lipid between locations/seasons. Percent lipid was compared between the muscle and homogenized whole-body of individuals caught in freshwater. Muscle lipid content was significantly different between freshwater locations and one of the marine locations (~34% higher from the marine location). One marine location contained fish with unexpectedly high muscle lipid percent. A weak/moderate linear relationship was found between lipid percent in the muscle tissue and whole-body tissue of the same individuals (r2= 0.2013 when sex was an added variable; r2= 0.4204 when reproductive status was an added variable), and reproductive status influenced this relationship. Sex of the individual did not affect lipid content in the muscle nor on the relationship between percent lipids in muscle and whole-body. Changing environmental factors due to climate change such as the timing of the ice melt and phytoplankton blooms can affect energy exchange through the food web, and thus research on the nature of fluctuating energy and lipid levels is needed to aid in conservation efforts of Arctic species
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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